| SPECIAL TOPIC — Two-dimensional superconductivity |
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Manipulation of the Majorana Ising spin via Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling |
| Lili Liu(刘利利)1,2,†,‡, Qi-Sheng Xu(徐其胜)2,†, Cai Chen(陈才)3, Chui-Zhen Chen(陈垂针)4,§, and Dong-Hui Xu(许东辉)2,5,¶ |
1 College of Teacher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China;
2 Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
3 School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China;
4 Institute for Advanced Study and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
5 Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China |
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Abstract Majorana surface states in time-reversal invariant (TRI) topological superconductors (TSCs) typically exhibit a highly anisotropic magnetic response, a phenomenon termed “Majorana Ising spins.” This Ising character is governed by the crystalline symmetries protecting the topological phase. In this work, we investigate the orientation and tunability of Majorana Ising spins within TRI TSCs engineered in two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled systems proximitized to an extended s-wave superconductor. We demonstrate that the interplay between Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings (SOC) plays a decisive role in determining the Ising spin orientation. In the limit of pure Rashba SOC, the Ising spin aligns along the $x$-axis, protected by mirror symmetry $M_x$, whereas for pure Dresselhaus SOC, it orients along the $y$-axis, protected by the rotational symmetry $C_{2y}$. Crucially, we reveal that when both Rashba and Dresselhaus interactions coexist, the Ising spin direction becomes continuously tunable within the basal plane. By adjusting the relative strengths of the SOC parameters-experimentally accessible via gating in semiconductor heterostructures-any orientation between the $x$-and $y$ axes can be achieved. We validate these findings by calculating the topological winding number $W$ and elucidating the symmetry-protection mechanism for the tunable phases. Our results propose a pathway for manipulating Majorana fermions in quantum devices through purely electrical means, bridging the gap between symmetry-protected topology and functional spintronic applications.
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Received: 14 December 2025
Revised: 28 January 2026
Accepted manuscript online: 10 February 2026
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PACS:
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74.25.-q
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(Properties of superconductors)
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74.78.Na
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(Mesoscopic and nanoscale systems)
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Corresponding Authors:
Lili Liu, Chui-Zhen Chen, Dong-Hui Xu
E-mail: liulili0612@163.com;czchen@suda.edu.cn;donghuixu@cqu.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Lili Liu(刘利利), Qi-Sheng Xu(徐其胜), Cai Chen(陈才), Chui-Zhen Chen(陈垂针), and Dong-Hui Xu(许东辉) Manipulation of the Majorana Ising spin via Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 067404
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