| ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS |
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Effect of laser focus in two-color synthesized waveform on generation of soft x-ray high harmonics |
| Yanbo Chen(陈炎波)1, Baochang Li(李保昌)1, Xuhong Li(李胥红)1, Xiangyu Tang(唐翔宇)1, Chi Zhang(张弛)1, and Cheng Jin(金成)1,2,† |
1 Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
2 MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China |
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Abstract Synthesis of multi-color laser pulses has been developed as a promising way to improve low conversion efficiency of high-order harmonic generation (HHG). Here we systematically study the effect of laser focus in a two-color waveform on generation of macroscopic HHG in soft x-rays. We find that the dependence of HHG yields on laser focus at low or high gas pressure is sensitive to the characteristics of single-atom harmonic response, in which "short"-or "long"-trajectory emissions can be selectively controlled by changing the waveform of two-color synthesized laser pulse. We uncover the phase-matching mechanism of HHG in the gas medium by examining the propagation of the two-color waveform and the evolution of time-frequency emissions of high-harmonic field. We further reveal that the nonlinear effects, such as geometric phase, atomic dispersion, and plasma defocusing, are responsible for modification of two-color waveform upon propagation. This work can be used to find better macroscopic conditions for generating soft x-ray HHG by employing two-color optimized waveforms.
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Received: 23 July 2022
Revised: 25 August 2022
Accepted manuscript online: 26 August 2022
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PACS:
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42.65.Ky
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(Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation)
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42.65.Re
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(Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression)
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31.70.Hq
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(Time-dependent phenomena: excitation and relaxation processes, and reaction rates)
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32.90.+a
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(Other topics in atomic properties and interactions of atoms with photons)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91950102, 12274230, and 11834004) and the Funding of Nanjing University of Science and Technology (Grant No. TSXK2022D005). |
Corresponding Authors:
Cheng Jin
E-mail: cjin@njust.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Yanbo Chen(陈炎波), Baochang Li(李保昌), Xuhong Li(李胥红), Xiangyu Tang(唐翔宇), Chi Zhang(张弛), and Cheng Jin(金成) Effect of laser focus in two-color synthesized waveform on generation of soft x-ray high harmonics 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 014203
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