Abstract Based on the theory of symmetries and conserved quantities of the singular Lagrange system, the perturbations to the symmetries and adiabatic invariants of the singular Lagrange systems are discussed. Firstly, the concept of higher-order adiabatic invariants of the singular Lagrange system is proposed. Then, the conditions for the existence of the exact invariants and adiabatic invariants are proved, and their forms are given. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate these results.
Received: 21 February 2003
Revised: 13 March 2003
Accepted manuscript online:
PACS:
02.20.Sv
(Lie algebras of Lie groups)
Fund: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province, China (Grant No 0311010900), and the Foundation of Young Key Member of the Teachers in Institutions of Higher Learning of Henan Province, China.
Cite this article:
Chen Xiang-Wei (陈向炜), Li Yan-Min (李彦敏) Exact invariants and adiabatic invariants of the singular Lagrange system 2003 Chinese Physics 12 936
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.
