Abstract The laser pulse shape effect and mainly the stepout effect on the ionization are investigated numerically in this paper. About the pulse shape effect, the result shows that it would be better to use shorter Gaussian pulses on the condition of constant area. About the stepout problem, the calculation shows that a certain stepout between pulses will benefit the ionization. Some interesting phenomena caused by stepout among pulses are found and explained in population dynamics.
Received: 18 January 1994
Accepted manuscript online:
XIE SHI-LIANG (谢世亮), WANG DE-WU (王德武), YING CHUN-TONG (应纯同) THE EFFECT OF PULSE SHAPE AND STEPOUT IN THE THREE-STEP PHOTOIONIZATION 1995 Acta Physica Sinica (Overseas Edition) 4 105
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.