| SPECIAL TOPIC — Structures and properties of materials under high pressure |
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Optical properties of five-layer and ten-layer CrI3 films under high pressure: Insights from in situ Raman and UV–visible spectroscopy |
| Zhipeng Yan(闫志鹏)1,2,†, Xiaodong Yao(姚晓东)3, Guangyang Dai(代光阳)2,4, Chenkai Li(李辰恺)3, Qunfei Zheng(郑群飞)3, Jun Han(韩军)3, Ying Liu(刘影)3, and Xiaowei Sun(孙小伟)1,‡ |
1 School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2 Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
3 Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
4 Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China |
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Abstract The two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductor CrI$_{3}$ provides an ideal platform for exploring the interplay among structural, electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom. In this work, we systematically investigate the thickness-dependent optical properties of five-layer and ten-layer CrI$_{3}$ under hydrostatic pressure up to 27.9 GPa by in situ Raman and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. All A$_{\rm g}$ Raman modes exhibit a continuous blueshift with increasing pressure. The low-frequency modes ($\mathrm{A}_{\mathrm{g}}^{{1}}$-$\mathrm{A}_{\mathrm{g}}^{{3}}$) are mainly associated with enhanced interlayer coupling, whereas the high-frequency modes ($\mathrm{A}_{\mathrm{g}}^{{4}}$-$\mathrm{A}_{\mathrm{g}}^{{6}}$) reflect the suppression of surface vibrations. The Raman modes disappear at approximately 4.9 GPa for the five-layer sample and 11.2 GPa for the ten-layer sample, indicating a stronger strain sensitivity in thinner CrI$_{3}$. Optical absorption measurements show a pronounced redshift of the absorption edge, accompanied by bandgap narrowing from 2.26 eV to 1.26 eV in five-layer CrI$_{3}$. At comparable pressures, the five-layer sample consistently exhibits a wider bandgap than the ten-layer one, which is attributed to quantum confinement effects and reduced interlayer hybridization. Above 12.7 GPa, the bandgap reduction becomes less pronounced, probably due to enhanced Cr 3d/I 5p orbital overlap and strengthened superexchange interactions. These results reveal a clear layer-dependent structure-electronic coupling in CrI$_{3}$ under compression and provide useful insights into pressure modulation of van der Waals magnetic semiconductors.
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Received: 06 November 2025
Revised: 14 January 2026
Accepted manuscript online: 03 February 2026
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PACS:
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78.30.-j
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(Infrared and Raman spectra)
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63.22.-m
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(Phonons or vibrational states in low-dimensional structures and nanoscale materials)
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78.20.-e
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(Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films)
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78.66.-w
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(Optical properties of specific thin films)
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| Fund: This work was mainly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12274193) and Natural Science Foundation of Henan (Grant No. 242300420640). We also thank the support from Tianyou Youth Talent Lift Program of Lanzhou Jiaotong University and the Young Scholars Science Foundation of Lanzhou Jiaotong University (Grant No. 2025027). |
Corresponding Authors:
Zhipeng Yan, Xiaowei Sun
E-mail: zp.yan@lzjtu.edu.cn;sunxw_lzjtu@yeah.net
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Cite this article:
Zhipeng Yan(闫志鹏), Xiaodong Yao(姚晓东), Guangyang Dai(代光阳), Chenkai Li(李辰恺), Qunfei Zheng(郑群飞), Jun Han(韩军), Ying Liu(刘影), and Xiaowei Sun(孙小伟) Optical properties of five-layer and ten-layer CrI3 films under high pressure: Insights from in situ Raman and UV–visible spectroscopy 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 057801
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