Please wait a minute...
Chin. Phys. B, 2026, Vol. 35(5): 056301    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae4b2e
SPECIAL TOPIC — Structures and properties of materials under high pressure Prev   Next  

Ultrafast photocarrier dynamics of black phosphorus under pressure

Hanyu Wang(王瀚宇)1,2,†, Shujuan Xu(许淑娟)1,2,†, Xinyao Wang(汪心瑶)1,2, Kai Zhang (张凯)3, Liangjiang Zou(邹良剑)1, and Fuhai Su(苏付海)1,‡
1 Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
2 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
3 GBA Branch of Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510700, China
Abstract  In situ ultrafast photocarrier dynamics of multilayer black phosphorus (BP) are investigated under pressure using optical pump-probe spectroscopy. Below 10 GPa, the transient reflectivity exhibits sub-picosecond saturable absorption (SA) followed by oscillations arising from longitudinal coherent acoustic phonons (CAPs). With increasing pressure, pronounced anomalies in carrier relaxation and CAP behavior are observed, including a strong enhancement of CAP amplitude around 2.0 GPa, associated with a pressure-induced Lifshitz transition. Above 10 GPa the ultrafast response switches from SA to absorption enhancement (AE), accompanied by the complete disappearance of CAPs, indicating the transition to a cubic metallic phase. The pressure-dependent behavior of the CAPs reflects an enhanced interlayer coupling along the cross-plane direction, while the transition from SA to AE dynamics signifies a fundamental shift in in-plane carrier transport. Meanwhile, first-principles calculations reveal a pressure-induced reconstruction of the electronic structure and an increase in the longitudinal acoustic phonon group velocity across Lifshitz transition, supporting the microscopic understanding for anomalous CAP dynamics based on enhanced deformation-potential coupling and electron temperature of Dirac carriers. The study provides critical insights into the pressure-tuned topological transitions and the role of Dirac fermions in the nonequilibrium dynamics of compressed BP.
Keywords:  black phosphorus      high pressure      ultrafast spectroscopy      Lifshitz transition      coherent acoustic phonons  
Received:  19 January 2026      Revised:  12 February 2026      Accepted manuscript online: 
PACS:  63.22.-m (Phonons or vibrational states in low-dimensional structures and nanoscale materials)  
  07.35.+k (High-pressure apparatus; shock tubes; diamond anvil cells)  
  78.47.J- (Ultrafast spectroscopy (<1 psec))  
  78.20.-e (Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films)  
  78.30.Am (Elemental semiconductors and insulators)  
Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12174398 and 12574466).
Corresponding Authors:  Fuhai Su     E-mail:  fhsu@issp.ac.cn

Cite this article: 

Hanyu Wang(王瀚宇), Shujuan Xu(许淑娟), Xinyao Wang(汪心瑶), Kai Zhang (张凯), Liangjiang Zou(邹良剑), and Fuhai Su(苏付海) Ultrafast photocarrier dynamics of black phosphorus under pressure 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 056301

[1] Qiao J, Kong X, Hu Z X, Yang F and Ji W 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4475
[2] Fei R and Yang L 2014 Nano Lett. 14 2884
[3] Kim J, Baik S S, Ryu S H, Sohn Y, Park S, Park B G, Denlinger J, Yi Y, Choi H J and Kim K S 2015 Science 349 723
[4] Wang X, Jones A M, Seyler K L, Vy T, Jia Y, Zhao H, Wang H, Yang L, Xu X and Xia F 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 517
[5] Xia F, Wang H and Jia Y 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4458
[6] Yuan H, Liu X, Afshinmanesh F, Li W, Xu G, Sun J, Lian B, Curto A G, Ye G, Hikita Y, Shen Z, Zhang S C, Chen X, Brongersma M, Hwang H Y and Cui Y 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 707
[7] Luo Z, Maassen J, Deng Y, Du Y, Garrelts R P, Lundstrom M S, Ye P D and Xu X 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8572
[8] Zeng Q, Sun B, Du K, Zhao W, Yu P, Zhu C, Xia J, Chen Y, Cao X, Yan Q, Shen Z, Yu T, Long Y, Koh Y K and Liu Z 2019 2D Mater. 6 045009
[9] Ling X, Huang S, Hasdeo E H, Liang L, Parkin W M, Tatsumi Y, Nugraha A R, Puretzky A A, Das P M, Sumpter B G, Geohegan D B, Kong J, Saito R, Drndic M, Meunier V and Dresselhaus M S 2016 Nano Lett. 16 2260
[10] Kim J, Baik S S, Ryu S H, Sohn Y, Park S, Park B G, Denlinger J, Yi Y, Choi H J and Kim K S 2015 Science 349 723
[11] Woomer A H, Farnsworth TW, Hu J,Wells R A, Donley C L andWarren S C 2015 ACS Nano 9 8869
[12] Li X, Sun J, Shahi P, Gao M, MacDonald A H, Uwatoko Y, Xiang T, Goodenough J B and Cheng J 2018 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 115 9935
[13] Scelta D, Baldassarre A, Serrano-Ruiz M, Dziubek K, Cairns A B, Peruzzini M, Bini R and Ceppatelli M 2017 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56 14135
[14] Liu J, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhao M, Wu B, Long H, Xue C, Tao Y, Du M, Wang Y, Wang Z and Li L 2025 Appl. Phys. Lett. 127 213103
[15] Shen Y, Chen Z, Zhu Q, Huang Y and Pan W 2024 Langmuir 40 24863
[16] Liu C, Kondo T, Fernandes R M, Palczewski A D, Mun E D, Ni N, Thaler A N, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Schmalian J, Bud’ko S L, Canfield P C and Kaminski A 2010 Nature Phys 6 419
[17] Nishimura T, Sakai H, Mori H, Akiba K, Usui H, Ochi M, Kuroki K, Miyake A, Tokunaga M, Uwatoko Y, Katayama K, Murakawa H and Hanasaki N 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 226601
[18] Zou L J, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Jiao L, Chen X H and Wen H H 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 186403
[19] Meng S, Shi H, Jiang H, Sun X and Gao B 2019 J. Phys. Chem. C 123 20051
[20] Li C H, Long Y J, Zhao L X, Shan L, Ren Z A, Zhao J Z, Weng H M, Dai X, Fang Z, Ren C and Chen G F 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 125417
[21] Di Pietro P, Mitrano M, Caramazza S, Capitani F, Lupi S, Postorino P, Ripanti F, Joseph B, Ehlen N, Grüneis A, Sanna A, Profeta G, Dore P and Perucchi A 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 165111
[22] Alkauskas A, McCluskey M D and Van de Walle C G 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 119 181101
[23] Breusing M, Kuehn S, Winzer T, Malić E, Milde F, Severin N, Rabe J P, Ropers C, Knorr A and Elsaesser T 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 153410
[24] Tielrooij K J, Song J C W, Jensen S A, Centeno A, Pesquera A, Zurutuza Elorza A, Bonn M, Levitov L S and Koppens F H L 2013 Nat. Phys. 9 248
[25] Wu S, Chu W, Lu Y and Ji M 2024 Nano Lett. 24 424
[26] Miao X, Zhang G, Wang F, Yan H and Ji M 2018 Nano Lett. 18 3053
[27] Wang K, Szydlowska B, Wang G, Zhang X, Wang J, Magan J, Zhang L, Coleman J, Wang J and Blau W 2016 ACS Nano 10 6923
[28] Matsuda O, Larciprete M C, Li Voti R and Wright O B 2015 Ultrasonics 56 3
[29] Sabbah A J and Riffe D M 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 165217
[30] Thomsen C, Strait J, Vardeny Z, Maris H J, Tauc J and Hauser J J 1986 Phys. Rev. B 34 4129
[31] Hase M, Kitajima M, Nakashima S and Mizoguchi K 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 067401
[32] Iyer V, Ye P and Xu X 2017 2D Mater. 4 021032
[33] Xiang Z J, Ye G J, Shang C, Lei B, Wang N Z, Yang K S, Liu D Y, Meng F B, Luo X G, Zou L J, Sun Z, Zhang Y and Chen X H 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 186403
[34] Fei R, Tran V and Yang L 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 195319
[35] Bistritzer R and MacDonald A H 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 206410
[36] Joseph B, Caramazza S, Capitani F, Clarté T, Ripanti F, Lotti P, Lausi A, Castro D Di, Postorino P and Dore P 2018 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 30 494002
[37] Ruello P and Gusev V E 2015 Ultrasonics 56 21
[38] Li Z, Graziosi P and Neophytou N 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 195201
[1] Optical properties of five-layer and ten-layer CrI3 films under high pressure: Insights from in situ Raman and UV–visible spectroscopy
Zhipeng Yan(闫志鹏), Xiaodong Yao(姚晓东), Guangyang Dai(代光阳), Chenkai Li(李辰恺), Qunfei Zheng(郑群飞), Jun Han(韩军), Ying Liu(刘影), and Xiaowei Sun(孙小伟). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(5): 057801.
[2] Pressure-tuned structure and superconductivity in 2H-NbSe2
Chen-Yi Li(李晨一), Zong-Lun Li(李宗伦), Hui Tian(田辉), Guang-Rui Gu(顾广瑞), Quan-Jun Li(李全军), and Xue-Ting Zhang(张雪婷). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(5): 056401.
[3] Pressure induced atomic packing evolution and crystallization in La75Al25 metallic glass
Pingfei Deng(邓平飞), Suwan Wei(魏苏皖), Wangyang Ruan(阮王阳), and Min Wu(吴旻). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(5): 058101.
[4] Dual roles of oxygen-annealing in modulating the superconductivity of La3Ni2O7+δ
Xin-Ran Hu(胡欣然), Jia Yu(于佳), Jun-Kun Yi(易俊锟), Ya-Dong Gu(谷亚东), Jun-Jie Feng(冯俊杰), Xie-Yu Sun(孙谢羽), Qing-Song Liu(刘青松), Yun-Qing Shi(石运清), Meng-Hu Zhou(周孟虎), Hui-Ran Sun(孙慧冉), Chang-Sheng Jiang(蒋长胜), Qi-Heng Huang(黄启衡), Tao Han(韩涛), Ming-Sheng Long(龙明生), Xing-Yuan Hou(侯兴元), Bing-Hui Ge(葛炳辉), Dong-Sheng Song(宋东升), Zhi-An Ren(任治安), Qing-Ge Mu(穆青隔), and Lei Shan(单磊). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(5): 057407.
[5] Coexistence of superconducting and superionic states in lithium boron compounds under high pressure
Pei Zhou(周佩), Yuhang Li(李宇航), Junjie Wang(王俊杰), Qing Lu(鲁清), Yu Han(韩瑜), Chi Ding(丁驰), Yang Ni(倪洋), Xiaomeng Wang(王晓梦), and Jian Sun(孙建). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(5): 056201.
[6] Superconducting and dynamically stable polymorphs of elemental calcium predicted under high pressure
Akinwumi Akinpelu and Yansun Yao. Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(5): 057102.
[7] Structure and transport properties of HoNiO3 under high pressure
Liyan Wang(汪礼艳), Di Peng(彭帝), Yuchen Cui(崔雨晨), Yiming Wang(王弈铭), Jingxin Gao(高景鑫), Tao Luo(罗涛), Zhikai Zhu(朱智凯), Kejun Bu(卜克军), Yuzhu Wang(王玉柱), Sibo Zhan(展思博), Jikun Chen(陈吉堃), Huaqing Xie(谢华清), Zihua Wu(吴子华), Hongliang Dong(董洪亮), and Zhidan Zeng(曾徵丹). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(5): 057103.
[8] High-pressure synthesis and sequential ferrimagnetic ordering and spin glass transition of an Fe/Ru disordered quadruple perovskite CeCu3Fe2Ru2O12
Sumei Li(李素梅), Gaochao Zhao(赵高超), Meng Wang(王萌), Lihua Yin(尹利华), Peng Tong(童鹏), Xuebin Zhu(朱雪斌), Jie Yang(杨杰), and Yuping Sun(孙玉平). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(4): 048103.
[9] Physical properties of Cr2S3 at high pressure
Lun Xiong(熊伦), Mingquan Jiang(江明全), Jinxia Zhu(竹锦霞), Lin Xia(夏林), Hao Wang(王毫), Shenghan Zhang(张升瀚), Pengfei Tang(汤鹏飞), Zhiqiang Chen(陈志强), Sheng Jiang(蒋升), and Hongliang Dong(董洪亮). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(3): 036103.
[10] Phonon bottleneck effect due to finite shrinking gap revealed by high-pressure ultrafast dynamics
Yanling Wu(吴艳玲), Q. Wu(吴穹), X. Yin(尹霞), Y. X. Huang(黄逸轩), Takeshi Nakagawa, Z. Y. Tian(田珍耘), Fei Sun(孙飞), Q. M. Zhang(张清明), Jun Chang(昌峻), Ho-kwang Mao(毛河光), Yang Ding(丁阳), and Jimin Zhao(赵继民). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(3): 037802.
[11] Elasticity of quasi-bcc ammonia hemihydrate at high pressures
Mengqiong Pu(蒲梦琼), Jiacheng Zhang(张家诚), Xinyang Li(李新阳), Xiaomei Yuan(苑晓美), Xue Zhang(张雪), Shuo Gao(高硕), Chenlu Wang(王晨璐), Liang Li(李亮), Fangfei Li(李芳菲), and Qiang Zhou(周强). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(3): 036101.
[12] Structural stability and mechanical properties of NixMoyN ternary nitrides under high pressure: A first-principles study
Tao Wang(王涛), Ming-Hong Wen(温铭洪), Kai-Xuan Wang(王凯璇), Jia-Mei Liu(刘佳美), Wei-Hua Wang(王伟华), Xu-Ying Wang(王旭颖), and Pei-Fang Li(李培芳). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(3): 036102.
[13] Structural stability and properties of Li2XN6 (X = Be, Mg, Ca) ternary nitrides
Rui Wang(王睿), Cai-Zi Zhang(张才姿), Qi-Wen Jiang(蒋其雯), En-Yu Wang(王恩宇), Jie Wei(魏杰), and Hong-Yang Zhu(祝洪洋). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(3): 036201.
[14] Anomalous Hall effect and Lifshitz transition in Fe3Sn2 nanosheets
Xue Yang(杨雪), Jijian Liu(刘继健), Xinyi Zheng(郑新义), Lei Xu(徐磊), Lihong Hu(胡利洪), Sicheng Zhou(周思成), Siyuan Zhou(周思远), Ximing Zhang(张栖铭), Bingbing Tong(仝冰冰), Jie Shen(沈洁), Zhaozheng Lyu(吕昭征), Xiunian Jing(景秀年), Fanming Qu(屈凡明), Peiling Li(李沛岭), Jiadong Zhou(周家东), Guangtong Liu(刘广同), and Li Lü(吕力). Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(1): 017503.
[15] Pressure-induced amorphization and metallization in orthorhombic SiP
Qiru Zeng(曾琪茹), Youjun Zhang(张友君), Yukai Zhuang(庄毓凯), Linfei Yang(杨林飞), Qiming Wang(王齐明), and Yi Sun(孙熠). Chin. Phys. B, 2025, 34(9): 096102.
No Suggested Reading articles found!