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A pressure-sensitive rheological origin of high friction angles of granular matter observed in NASA-MGM project |
| Xiaohui Cheng(程晓辉)1,†, Shize Xiao(肖世泽)1, Sen Yang(杨森)1, Naifeng Zhao(赵乃峰)2,‡, and Alex Sixie Cao1,3 |
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Bejing 100084, China;
2 College of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
3 Institute of Structural Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland |
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Abstract An abnormally high peak friction angle of Ottawa sand was observed in (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) NASA-(Mechanics of Granular Materials) MGM tests in microgravity conditions on the space shuttle. Previous investigations have been unsuccessful in providing a constitutive insight into this behavior of granular materials under extremely low effective stress conditions. Here, a recently proposed unified constitutive model for transient rheological behavior of sand and other granular materials is adopted for the analytical assessment of high peak friction angles. For the first time, this long-eluded behavior of sand is attributed to a hidden rheological transition mechanism, that is not only rate-sensitive, but also pressure-sensitive. The NASA-MGM microgravity conditions show that shear-tests of sand can be performed under abnormally low confining stress conditions. The pressure-sensitive behavior of granular shearing that is previously ignored is studied based on the $\mu (I)$ rheology and its variations. Comparisons between the model and the NASA microgravity tests demonstrate a high degree of agreement. The research is highly valid for pressure-sensitive and rate-dependent problems that occur during earthquakes, landslides, and space exploration.
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Received: 06 March 2024
Revised: 21 March 2024
Accepted manuscript online: 07 April 2024
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PACS:
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83.80.Fg
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(Granular solids)
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45.70.Cc
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(Static sandpiles; granular compaction)
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| Fund: Project supported by the ESA-CMSA/CSU Space Science and Utilization Collaboration Program. |
Corresponding Authors:
Xiaohui Cheng, Naifeng Zhao
E-mail: chengxh@tsinghua.edu.cn;zhaonaifeng@njtech.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Xiaohui Cheng(程晓辉), Shize Xiao(肖世泽), Sen Yang(杨森), Naifeng Zhao(赵乃峰), and Alex Sixie Cao A pressure-sensitive rheological origin of high friction angles of granular matter observed in NASA-MGM project 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 068301
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