| CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES |
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Disorder effects in NbTiN superconducting resonators |
| Wei-Tao Lyu(吕伟涛)1, Qiang Zhi(支强)1, Jie Hu(胡洁)2, Jing Li(李婧)1, and Sheng-Cai Shi(史生才)1,† |
1 Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210034, China;
2 GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Université, CNRS, Paris 75014, France |
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Abstract Disordered superconducting materials like NbTiN possess a high kinetic inductance fraction and an adjustable critical temperature, making them a good choice for low-temperature detectors. Their energy gap ($\varDelta$), critical temperature ($T_{\rm c}$), and quasiparticle density of states (QDOS) distribution, however, deviate from the classical BCS theory due to the disorder effects. The Usadel equation, which takes account of elastic scattering, non-elastic scattering, and electro-phonon coupling, can be applied to explain and describe these deviations. This paper presents numerical simulations of the disorder effects based on the Usadel equation to investigate their effects on the $\varDelta $, $T_{\rm c}$, QDOS distribution, and complex conductivity of the NbTiN film. Furthermore, NbTiN superconducting resonators with coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures are fabricated and characterized at different temperatures to validate our numerical simulations. The pair-breaking parameter $\alpha $ and the critical temperature in the pure state $T_{\rm c}^{\rm P}$ of our NbTiN film are determined from the experimental results and numerical simulations. This study has significant implications for the development of low-temperature detectors made of disordered superconducting materials.
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Received: 30 July 2023
Revised: 13 October 2023
Accepted manuscript online: 17 October 2023
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PACS:
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74.62.En
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(Effects of disorder)
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74.78.-w
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(Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures)
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85.25.Pb
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(Superconducting infrared, submillimeter and millimeter wave detectors)
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74.25.nn
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(Surface impedance)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11925304 and 12020101002) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Program (Grant No. GJJSTD20210002). |
Corresponding Authors:
Sheng-Cai Shi
E-mail: scshi@pmo.ac.cn
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Cite this article:
Wei-Tao Lyu(吕伟涛), Qiang Zhi(支强), Jie Hu(胡洁), Jing Li(李婧), and Sheng-Cai Shi(史生才) Disorder effects in NbTiN superconducting resonators 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 027401
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