Shadow and observational images of the rotating Hayward black hole with thin disk accretion

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ae29fa

Abstract We investigate the shadow and observational characteristics of rotating Hayward black holes by employing a ray-tracing method combined with stereographic projection. By solving the photon geodesics derived from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, we explore how the spin parameter $a$ and magnetic charge $g$ influence the shape of the black hole shadow and its observable optical properties. The results indicate that an increase in the spin parameter $a$ leads to a pronounced D-shaped deformation of the shadow, whereas higher values of the magnetic charge $g$ significantly reduce the size of its inner region. When a thin accretion disk surrounds the black hole, variations in $a$ and $g$ directly affect observable features, including the size of the inner shadow and the intensity of the emitted radiation. Furthermore, the direct and lensed images exhibit distinct redshift features, highlighting the strong sensitivity of gravitational lensing effects to the parameters $a$ and $g$. These findings suggest that rotating Hayward black holes can be distinguished from Kerr black holes through their observable characteristics, thereby providing a valuable reference for testing alternative theories of gravity.

Keywords: shadow observer characteristuc rotating black hole

Received: 28 August 2025
Revised: 16 November 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 09 December 2025

PACS:	97.60.Lf	(Black holes)
	97.10.Gz	(Accretion and accretion disks)
	98.62.Sb	(Gravitational lenses and luminous arcs)

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12303027) , the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No. A2022109001), and the Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project (Grant No. 2025ZNSFSC0878).

Corresponding Authors: Zheng-Xue Chang, Shu-Min Wang, Chen-Yu Yang, Yu-Bin Wang, Ke-Jian He
E-mail: changzx520@163.com;wangshumin@hdc.edu.cn;chenyuyang2024@163.com;wangyubin@suse.edu.cn;kjhe94@163.com

Cite this article:

Zheng-Xue Chang(常正雪), Shu-Min Wang(王树民), Chen-Yu Yang(杨晨昱), Yu-Bin Wang(王榆斌), and Ke-Jian He(何柯腱) Shadow and observational images of the rotating Hayward black hole with thin disk accretion 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 069701

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Shadow and observational images of the rotating Hayward black hole with thin disk accretion

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