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Chin. Phys. B, 2020, Vol. 29(8): 086801    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9438
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES Prev   Next  

Selective linear etching of monolayer black phosphorus using electron beams

Yuhao Pan(潘宇浩)1, Bao Lei(雷宝)2,1, Jingsi Qiao(乔婧思)1, Zhixin Hu(胡智鑫)3, Wu Zhou(周武)2, Wei Ji(季威)1
1 Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials&Micro-Nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
2 School of Physical Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
3 Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
Abstract  

Point and line defects are of vital importance to the physical and chemical properties of certain two-dimensional (2D) materials. Although electron beams have been demonstrated to be capable of creating single-and multi-atom defects in 2D materials, the products are often random and difficult to predict without theoretical inputs. In this study, the thermal motion of atoms and electron incident angle were additionally considered to study the vacancy evolution in a black phosphorus (BP) monolayer by using an improved first-principles molecular dynamics method. The P atoms in monolayer BP tend to be struck away one by one under an electron beam within the displacement threshold energy range of 8.55-8.79 eV, which ultimately induces the formation of a zigzag-like chain vacancy. The chain vacancy is a thermodynamically metastable state and is difficult to obtain by conventional synthesis methods because the vacancy formation energy of 0.79 eV/edge atom is higher than the typical energy in monolayer BP. Covalent-like quasi-bonds and a charge density wave are formed along the chain vacancy, exhibiting rich electronic properties. This work proposes a theoretical protocol for simulating a complete elastic collision process of electron beams with 2D layers and will facilitate the establishment of detailed theoretical guidelines for experiments on 2D material etching using focused high-energy electron beams.

Keywords:  electronic beam radiation simulation      black phosphorus      chain vacancy  
Received:  08 April 2020      Revised:  12 May 2020      Accepted manuscript online: 
PACS:  68.65.-k (Low-dimensional, mesoscopic, nanoscale and other related systems: structure and nonelectronic properties)  
  68.37.Ma (Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM))  
  68.35.bg (Semiconductors)  
Fund: 

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11622437, 61674171, 11804247, and 11974422), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB30000000), Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.L, W.Z.), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China, and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China[Grant Nos. 16XNLQ01 and No. 19XNQ025 (W.J.)].

Corresponding Authors:  Wei Ji     E-mail:  wji@ruc.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Yuhao Pan(潘宇浩), Bao Lei(雷宝), Jingsi Qiao(乔婧思), Zhixin Hu(胡智鑫), Wu Zhou(周武), Wei Ji(季威) Selective linear etching of monolayer black phosphorus using electron beams 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 086801

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