Femtosecond laser induced nanostructuring of zirconium in liquid confined environment
Nisar Ali1,2,3,4, Shazia Bashir3, Umm-i-Kalsoom2,3,4,5, M. Shahid Rafique6, Narjis Begum7, Wolfgang Husinsky1, Ali Ajami1, Chandra S. R. Natahala1
1. Laser Laboratories, Institute for Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria; 2. Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 3. Laser Laboratories, Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics, GC University 1-Church Road Lahore, Pakistan; 4. Department of Physics, GC University Kachehri Road Lahore, Pakistan; 5. Department of Physics, Riphah International University Islamabad(Lahore Campus), Lahore, Pakistan; 6. Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan; 7. Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Abstract The surface, structural, and mechanical properties of zirconium after irradiation with Ti:sapphire laser (800 nm, 30 fs, 1 kHz) have been investigated. The zirconium targets were exposed for a varying number of laser pulses ranging from 500 to 2000 at a fixed fluence of 3.6 J/cm2 corresponding to an intensity of 1.2×1014 W/cm2 in ambient environments of de-ionized water and propanol. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to investigate the surface morphology of the irradiated zirconium. The SEM analysis shows the formation of various kinds of features including nanoscale laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), sponge like surface structure, flakes, conical structures, droplets, pores, and cavities. The energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis exhibits the variation in chemical composition along with an enhanced diffusion of oxygen under both ambient conditions. The crystal structure and phase analyses of the exposed targets were explored by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The XRD analysis confirms the presence of various phases of zirconium hydride and zirconia after ablation in both de-ionized water and propanol. However, excessive hydrides are formed in the case of propanol. The Raman analysis supports the EDS and XRD results. It also reveals the presence of oxides (zirconia) after irradiation in both de-ionized water and propanol environments. The chemical reactivity of zirconium was significantly improved in the presence of liquids which were accountable for the growth of novel phases and modification in the chemical composition of the irradiated Zr. A nanohardness tester was employed to measure the nanohardness of the laser treated targets. The initial increase and then decrease in nanohardness was observed with an increase in the number of laser pulses in the de-ionized water environment. In the case of propanol, a continuous decrease in hardness was observed.
(Indirect evidence of dislocations and other defects (resistivity, slip, creep, strains, internal friction, EPR, NMR, etc.))
Corresponding Authors:
Nisar Ali
E-mail: chnisarali@gmail.com
Cite this article:
Nisar Ali, Shazia Bashir, Umm-i-Kalsoom, M. Shahid Rafique, Narjis Begum, Wolfgang Husinsky, Ali Ajami, Chandra S. R. Natahala Femtosecond laser induced nanostructuring of zirconium in liquid confined environment 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 015204
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