Influence of reducing anneal on the ferromagnetism in single crystalline Co-doped ZnO thin films

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/19/5/056101

Abstract This paper reports that the high-quality Co-doped ZnO single crystalline films have been grown on $a$-plane sapphire substrates by using molecular-beam epitaxy. The as-grown films show high resistivity and non-ferromagnetism at room temperature, while they become good conductive and ferromagnetic after annealing in the reducing atmosphere either in the presence or absence of Zn vapour. The x-ray absorption studies indicate that all Co ions in these samples actually substituted into the ZnO lattice without formatting any detectable secondary phase. Compared with weak ferromagnetism (0.16 $\mu _{\rm B}$/Co$^{2 + })$ in the Zn$_{0.95}$Co$_{0.05}$O single crystalline film with reducing annealing in the absence of Zn vapour, the films annealed in the reducing atmosphere with Zn vapour are found to have much stronger ferromagnetism (0.65 $\mu _{\rm B}$/Co$^{2 + })$ at room temperature. This experimental studies clearly indicate that Zn interstitials are more effective than oxygen vacancies to activate the high-temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO films, and the corresponding ferromagnetic mechanism is discussed.

Keywords: Co-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors x-ray absorption fine structure single crystalline thin films

Received: 29 August 2009
Revised: 23 September 2009
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	75.70.Ak	(Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films)
	75.50.Pp	(Magnetic semiconductors)
	78.70.Dm	(X-ray absorption spectra)
	68.55.A-	(Nucleation and growth)
	81.15.Hi	(Molecular, atomic, ion, and chemical beam epitaxy)
	73.61.Ga	(II-VI semiconductors)

Fund: Project partially supported by National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.~10804017), National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No.~BK2007118), Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No.~20070286037), Cyanine-Project Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No.~1107020060), Foundation for Climax Talents Plan in Six-Big Fields of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No.~1107020070) and New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-05-0452).

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Lu Zhong-Lin(路忠林), Zou Wen-Qin(邹文琴), Xu Ming-Xiang (徐明祥), and Zhang Feng-Ming(张凤鸣) Influence of reducing anneal on the ferromagnetism in single crystalline Co-doped ZnO thin films 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 056101

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Influence of reducing anneal on the ferromagnetism in single crystalline Co-doped ZnO thin films

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