Abstract Analytical expressions for nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of nanofluid in the critical heat flux (CHF) region are derived with taking into account the effect of nanoparticles moving in liquid based on the fractal geometry theory. The proposed fractal model for the CHF of nanofluid is explicitly related to the average diameter of nanoparticles, the volumetric nanoparticle concentration, the thermal conductivity of nanoparticles, the fractal dimension of nanoparticles, the fractal dimension of active cavity on the heated surfaces, the temperature, and the properties of fluid. It is found that the CHF of nanofluid decreases with the increase of the average diameter of nanoparticles. Each parameter of the proposed formulas on CHF has a clear physical meaning. The model predictions are compared with the existing experimental data, and a good agreement between the model predictions and experimental data is found. The validity of the present model is thus verified. The proposed fractal model can reveal the mechanism of heat transfer for nanofluid.
Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11102100), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (Grant No. 2012J01017), and the Scientific Research Special Foundation for Provincial University of Education Department of Fujian Province, China (Grant No. JK2011056).
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