Momentum distributions of symmetric (H2+) and asymmetric (HeH2+) molecular ions in a circularly polarized laser field under different ionization mechanisms

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ad7c2b

Abstract By numerically solving the two-dimensional (2D) time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE), we present photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) and photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) of symmetric (${{\rm H}_{2}^{+}}$) and asymmetric (${{\rm HeH}^{2+}}$) molecular ions in circularly polarized (CP) laser pulses. By adjusting the laser wavelength, two circumstances of resonance excitation and direct ionization were considered. The ionization mechanism of the resonance excitation was mainly investigated. The results show that the PMDs of ${{\rm H}_{2}^{+}}$ and ${{\rm HeH}^{2+}}$ in the $y$-direction gradually increase with increasing intensity, and the number of PMDs lobes is in good agreement with the results predicted by the ultrafast ionization model. In the resonance excitation scenario, the PMDs of ${{\rm H}_{2}^{+}}$ are dominated by two-photon ionization, whereas the PMDs of HeH$^{2+}$ are dominated by three-photon ionization. Furthermore, the PMDs of ${{\rm HeH}^{2+}}$ are stronger in the resonance excitation scenario than those of ${{\rm H}_{2}^{+}}$, which can be explained by the time-dependent population of electrons. In addition, the molecular structure is clearly imprinted onto the PMDs.

Keywords: resonance excitation time-dependent Schrödinger equation ultrafast ionization model photoelectron momentum distributions

Received: 13 May 2024
Revised: 11 September 2024
Accepted manuscript online: 18 September 2024

PACS:	34.80.Gs	(Molecular excitation and ionization)
	32.80.-t	(Photoionization and excitation)
	31.15.xv	(Molecular dynamics and other numerical methods)
	42.65.Re	(Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression)

Fund: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (Grant No. 20220101010JC) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12074146).

Corresponding Authors: Jing Guo
E-mail: gjing@jlu.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Xin-Yu Hao(郝欣宇), Shu-Juan Yan(闫淑娟), Ying Guo(郭颖), and Jing Guo(郭静) Momentum distributions of symmetric (H₂⁺) and asymmetric (HeH²⁺) molecular ions in a circularly polarized laser field under different ionization mechanisms 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 123401

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Momentum distributions of symmetric (H2+) and asymmetric (HeH2+) molecular ions in a circularly polarized laser field under different ionization mechanisms

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Momentum distributions of symmetric (H₂⁺) and asymmetric (HeH²⁺) molecular ions in a circularly polarized laser field under different ionization mechanisms