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Chin. Phys. B, 2017, Vol. 26(10): 100508    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/26/10/100508
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Extracting hidden weak sinusoidal signal with short duration from noisy data:Analytical theory and computational realization

Ying Zhang(张英)1, Zhaoyang Zhang(张朝阳)1,2, Hong Qian(钱弘)3, Gang Hu(胡岗)1
1. Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
2. Faculty of Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
3. Department of Applied Mathematics, University Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Abstract  

Signal detection is both a fundamental topic of data science and a great challenge for practical engineering. One of the canonical tasks widely investigated is detecting a sinusoidal signal of known frequency ω with time duration T:I(t)=Acos ω t+Γ(t), embedded within a stationary noisy data. The most direct, and also believed to be the most efficient, method is to compute the Fourier spectral power at ω:B=|2/T0T I(t)eiωtdt|. Whether one can out-perform the linear Fourier approach by any other nonlinear processing has attracted great interests but so far without a consensus. Neither a rigorous analytic theory has been offered. We revisit the problem of weak signal, strong noise, and finite data length T=O(1), and propose a signal detection method based on resonant filtering. While we show that the linear approach of resonant filters yield a same signal detection efficiency in the limit of T→∞, for finite time length T=O(1), our method can improve the signal detection due to the highly nonlinear interactions between various characteristics of a resonant filter in finite time with respect to transient evolution. At the optimal match between the input I(t), the control parameters, and the initial preparation of the filter state, its performance exceeds the above threshold B considerably. Our results are based on a rigorous analysis of Gaussian processes and the conclusions are supported by numerical computations.

Keywords:  signal detection      strong noise      stochastic theory      time series analysis  
Received:  04 August 2017      Revised:  25 August 2017      Accepted manuscript online: 
PACS:  05.10.Gg (Stochastic analysis methods)  
  05.45.Tp (Time series analysis)  
  02.50.-r (Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics)  
Fund: 

Project supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11135001).

Corresponding Authors:  Gang Hu     E-mail:  ganghu@bnu.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Ying Zhang(张英), Zhaoyang Zhang(张朝阳), Hong Qian(钱弘), Gang Hu(胡岗) Extracting hidden weak sinusoidal signal with short duration from noisy data:Analytical theory and computational realization 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 100508

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