|
|
|
Vector-total field magnetometry and calibration using NV center ensembles |
| Kai-Hui Wang(王凯辉)1,2,3,4,†, Yun-Bin Zhu(朱云彬)1,3,4,†, Zi-Yun Yu(于子云)5,6, Xiang Li(李想)7, Xiang-Mei Xu(许祥妹)7, Zhao Zhao(赵昭)2,‡, Liang Zhang(张亮)1,3,4, Ke Jing(靖克)5,6,§, and Yi-Jin Xie(谢一进)1,3,4,¶ |
1 Institute of Quantum Sensing and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
2 Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316000, China;
3 Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research and State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
4 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Research and Development and Application of Cutting-edge Scientific Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
5 CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
6 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
7 Jianghuai Advance Technology Center, Hefei 230000, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Given the limitations in payload capacity and power availability on spacecraft, magnetometers capable of measuring both the vector and total magnetic fields are especially valuable for their compact and versatile design. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles offer precise vector magnetic field measurement capabilities, making them promising candidates for spaceborne magnetic sensing technologies. Here, we develop a technique to validate the vector-total field measurement accuracy performed by NV center ensembles. The validation procedure employs a turntable to simultaneously calibrate the bias magnetic field and quantify the uncertainty associated with total magnetic field measurements. Validation tests conducted in a geomagnetic field environment reveal a measured standard deviation of 0.1 μT, which is $0.2%$ relative to the geomagnetic field. With further refinement, the accuracy of total magnetic field measurements may improve to better than 0.01%. These results provide a valuable reference for the further development of vector-total field magnetometers and hold potential for applications in spacecraft.
|
Received: 27 July 2025
Revised: 25 September 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 14 October 2025
|
|
PACS:
|
07.55.Ge
|
(Magnetometers for magnetic field measurements)
|
| |
76.30.Mi
|
(Color centers and other defects)
|
| |
76.70.Hb
|
(Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR))
|
| |
42.50.Dv
|
(Quantum state engineering and measurements)
|
|
| Fund: Project supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. 2024SSYS0090), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. LDQ24A040001), Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center (Grant No. 2023-ZM01X020), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFB3209900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. T2388102), “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. 2025C01040), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 226-2024-00144 and 226-2024-00011), the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (Grant No. GZC20252264), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2025M773438). |
Corresponding Authors:
Zhao Zhao, Ke Jing, Yi-Jin Xie
E-mail: zhaozhao@donghailab.com;jk1994@ustc.edu.cn;xie1jin@zju.edu.cn
|
Cite this article:
Kai-Hui Wang(王凯辉), Yun-Bin Zhu(朱云彬), Zi-Yun Yu(于子云), Xiang Li(李想), Xiang-Mei Xu(许祥妹), Zhao Zhao(赵昭), Liang Zhang(张亮), Ke Jing(靖克), and Yi-Jin Xie(谢一进) Vector-total field magnetometry and calibration using NV center ensembles 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 070706
|
[1] Carletta S, Teofilatto P and Farissi M S 2020 Aerospace 7 3
[2] Psiaki M L, Huang L and Fox S M 1993 Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 16 206
[3] Wiegand M 1996 Acta Astronautica 38 395
[4] Stolle C, Lühr H, RotherMand Balasis G 2006 Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 111
[5] Acuna M H 2002 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73 3717
[6] Primdahl F 1979 J. Phys. E 12 241
[7] Bennett J S, Vyhnalek B E, Greenall H, Bridge E M, Gotardo F, Forstner S, Harris G I, Miranda F A and Bowen W P 2021 Sensors 21 5568
[8] Schiffler M, Queitsch M, Stolz R, Chwala A, KrechW, Meyer H G and Kukowski N 2014 Geophysical Journal International 198 954
[9] Kominis I K, Kornack T W, Allred J C and Romalis M V 2003 Nature 422 596
[10] Budker D and Romalis M 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 227
[11] Olsen N, Clausen L T, Sabaka T J, Brauer P, Merayo J M, Jørgensen J L, Léger J M, Nielsen O V, Primdahl F and Risbo T 2003 Earth, Planets and Space 55 11
[12] Merayo J M, Brauer P, Primdahl F, Petersen J R and Nielsen O V 2000 Measurement Science and Technology 11 120
[13] Shonibare T, Murphy K and Pakhotin I 2024 Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 129 e2024JA032728
[14] Schloss J M, Barry J F, Turner M J andWalsworth R L 2018 Phys. Rev. Appl. 10 034044
[15] Herbschleb E, Kato H, Maruyama Y, Danjo T, Makino T, Yamasaki S, Ohki I, Hayashi K, Morishita H, Fujiwara M, et al. 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 3766
[16] Hong S, Grinolds M S, Pham L M, Le Sage D, Luan L,Walsworth R L and Yacoby A 2013 MRS Bulletin 38 155
[17] Schirhagl R, Chang K, LoretzMand Degen C L 2014 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 65 83
[18] Kim D, Ibrahim M I, Foy C, Trusheim M E, Han R and Englund D R 2019 Nat. Electron. 2 284
[19] Grotz B, Hauf M V, Dankerl M, Naydenov B, Pezzagna S, Meijer J, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J, Stutzmann M, Reinhard F, et al. 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 729
[20] Crawford S E, Shugayev R A, Paudel H P, Lu P, Syamlal M, Ohodnicki P R, Chorpening B, Gentry R and Duan Y 2021 Adv. Quantum Technol. 4 2100049
[21] Barry J F, Schloss J M, Bauch E, Turner M J, Hart C A, Pham L M and Walsworth R L 2020 Rev. Mod. Phys. 92 015004
[22] Felton S, Edmonds A, Newton M E, Martineau P, Fisher D, Twitchen D and Baker J 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 075203
[23] Goldman M L, Sipahigil A, Doherty M, Yao N Y, Bennett S, Markham M, Twitchen D, Manson N, Kubanek A and Lukin M D 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 145502
[24] Goldman M L, Doherty M, Sipahigil A, Yao N Y, Bennett S, Manson N, Kubanek A and Lukin M D 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 165201
[25] Tamarat P, Manson N, Harrison J, McMurtrie R, Nizovtsev A, Santori C, Beausoleil R, Neumann P, Gaebel T, Jelezko F, et al. 2008 New J. Phys. 10 045004
[26] Yu Z, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Jing K, Wang S, Chen C, Xie Y, Rong X and Du J 2025 National Science Review nwae478
[27] Zhu Y,Wang K, Yu Z, Qiu Y, Qiao Y,Wang S, Jing K, Xie Y and Rong X 2025 Diamond and Related Materials 112521
[28] Le Sage D, Pham L M, Bar-Gill N, Belthangady C, LukinMD, Yacoby A and Walsworth R L 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 121202
[29] Alegre T P M, Santori C, Medeiros-Ribeiro G and Beausoleil R G 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 165205
[30] Shin C S, Avalos C E, Butler M C, Trease D R, Seltzer S J, Peter Mustonen J, Kennedy D J, Acosta V M, Budker D, Pines A, et al. 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 112
[31] Doherty M, Dolde F, Fedder H, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J, Manson N and Hollenberg L 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 205203
[32] Broadway D A, Johnson B, Barson M, Lillie S E, Dontschuk N, Mc- Closkey D, Tsai A, Teraji T, Simpson D, Stacey A, et al. 2019 Nano Lett. 19 4543
[33] Grazioso F, Patton B R, Delaney P, Markham M L, Twitchen D J and Smith J M 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103
[34] Arai K, Belthangady C, Zhang H, Bar-Gill N, DeVience S, Cappellaro P, Yacoby A and Walsworth R L 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 859
[35] Pham L M, Le Sage D, Stanwix P L, Yeung T K, Glenn D, Trifonov A, Cappellaro P, Hemmer P R, Lukin M D, Park H, et al. 2011 New J. Phys. 13 045021
[36] Maertz B, Wijnheijmer A, Fuchs G, Nowakowski M and Awschalom D 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 092504
[37] Le Sage D, Arai K, Glenn D R, DeVience S J, Pham L M, Rahn-Lee L, Lukin M D, Yacoby A, Komeili A and Walsworth R L 2013 Nature 496 486
[38] Balasubramanian G, Chan I, Kolesov R, Al-Hmoud M, Tisler J, Shin C, Kim C, Wojcik A, Hemmer P R, Krueger A, et al. 2008 Nature 455 648
[39] Zhang T, Pramanik G, Zhang K, Gulka M, Wang L, Jing J, Xu F, Li Z, Wei Q, Cigler P, et al. 2021 ACS Sensors 6 2077
[40] Xu Y, Zhang W and Tian C 2023 Photonics Research 11 393
[41] Casola F, Van Der Sar T and Yacoby A 2018 Nat. Rev. Mater. 3 1
[42] Webb J L, Clement J D, Troise L, Ahmadi S, Johansen G J, Huck A and Andersen U L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 231103
[43] Beerden Y, Vandebosch R, Ermakova A, Nesladek M and Hruby J 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IEEE) pp. 465–468
[44] Xu C, Huang K, Zhang S and Meng L 2020 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol. 446 (IOP Publishing) p. 052087 |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
Altmetric
|
|
blogs
Facebook pages
Wikipedia page
Google+ users
|
Online attention
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.
View more on Altmetrics
|
|
|
