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Study of the optimal duty cycle and pumping rate for square-wave amplitude-modulated Bell-Bloom magnetometers |
| Mei-Ling Wang(王美玲)1,2, Meng-Bing Wang(王梦冰)1,2, Gui-Ying Zhang(张桂迎)1,2, Kai-Feng Zhao(赵凯锋)1,2 |
1 Applied Ion Beam Physics Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
2 Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China |
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Abstract We theoretically and experimentally study the optimal duty cycle and pumping rate for square-wave amplitude-modulated Bell-Bloom magnetometers. The theoretical and the experimental results are in good agreement for duty cycles and corresponding pumping rates ranging over 2 orders of magnitude. Our study gives the maximum field response as a function of duty cycle and pumping rate. Especially, for a fixed duty cycle, the maximum field response is obtained when the time averaged pumping rate, which is the product of pumping rate and duty cycle, is equal to the transverse relaxation rate in the dark. By using a combination of small duty cycle and large pumping rate, one can increase the maximum field response by up to a factor of 2 or π/2, relative to that of the sinusoidal modulation or the 50% duty cycle square-wave modulation respectively. We further show that the same pumping condition is also practically optimal for the sensitivity due to the fact that the signal at resonance is insensitive to the fluctuations of pumping rate and duty cycle.
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Received: 04 December 2015
Revised: 04 February 2016
Accepted manuscript online:
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PACS:
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07.55.Ge
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(Magnetometers for magnetic field measurements)
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32.80.Xx
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(Level crossing and optical pumping)
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76.60.Es
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(Relaxation effects)
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76.70.Hb
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(Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR))
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11074050). |
Corresponding Authors:
Kai-Feng Zhao
E-mail: zhaokf@fudan.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Mei-Ling Wang(王美玲), Meng-Bing Wang(王梦冰), Gui-Ying Zhang(张桂迎), Kai-Feng Zhao(赵凯锋) Study of the optimal duty cycle and pumping rate for square-wave amplitude-modulated Bell-Bloom magnetometers 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 060701
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