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Chin. Phys. B, 2026, Vol. 35(7): 073101    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae118c
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS Prev   Next  

Effect of hydrogen bond site on proton irradiation of guanine-cytosine base pair: A real-time first-principles study

Chao-Yi Xue(薛超怡)1,†, Zhihua Hu(胡志花)1,†, Xin Wang(王欣)2,‡, Ming-Zi Wang(王明梓)1,§, and Hong-Jian Feng(冯宏剑)1
1 School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China;
2 School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, China
Abstract  Ion beam irradiation is widely used in radiotherapy and radiation protection. Investigating hydrogen bond site effects on DNA ionization under proton irradiation is crucial for understanding DNA damage mechanisms. We use real-time time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) to establish guanine-cytosine (GC) base pair models and investigate their ionization damage processes under proton irradiation with different hydrogen bond positions in this study. By tracking the deposition energy, electronic stopping power (ESP), atomic forces, charge density, and excited electrons, we explore the impact of hydrogen bond positions on GC base pair ionization damage. The analysis indicates that, compared with the configurations of hydrogen bonds, the hydrogen bond donor (cytosine for LHB, guanine for MHB and RHB) cannot be ignored. Our findings offer important insights into the ionization mechanism and damage processes of DNA molecules during ion beam irradiation, which can guide applications in radiotherapy and radiation protection.
Keywords:  proton irradiation      time-dependent density-functional theory      electronic stopping power      charge population  
Received:  07 June 2025      Revised:  22 September 2025      Accepted manuscript online:  10 October 2025
PACS:  31.10.+z (Theory of electronic structure, electronic transitions, and chemical binding)  
  34.50.Bw (Energy loss and stopping power)  
  25.80.Bf  
  25.40.Lw (Radiative capture)  
Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11904286) and the Scientific Research Program Funded by Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2024JC-YBQN-0045).
Corresponding Authors:  Xin Wang, Ming-Zi Wang     E-mail:  wangx@wnu.edu.cn;mzwang@nwu.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Chao-Yi Xue(薛超怡), Zhihua Hu(胡志花), Xin Wang(王欣), Ming-Zi Wang(王明梓), and Hong-Jian Feng(冯宏剑) Effect of hydrogen bond site on proton irradiation of guanine-cytosine base pair: A real-time first-principles study 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 073101

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