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Chin. Phys. B, 2026, Vol. 35(3): 030202    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/adf31c
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Epidemic evolution model considering individual heterogeneity in multi-layer hypernetwork

Shijie Xie(谢仕杰)1, Peiwen Wang(王沛文)2, Zhiping Wang(王志平)1,†, Yueyue Zheng(郑月月)1, and Lin Wang(王琳)3,†
1 School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;
2 Department of Surface Ship Command, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116001, China;
3 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
Abstract  In recent years, the dynamic coupling mechanisms between information dissemination and epidemic transmission have garnered significant attention. Existing studies predominantly focus on the impact of individual awareness on disease spread; however, in reality, the factors driving awareness shifts and heterogeneous perceptions of epidemics vary substantially among individuals with different health statuses. Moreover, traditional pairwise interaction networks fail to capture the complexity of social contagion processes. To address these gaps, this study proposes a three-layer hypernetwork epidemic model (mass media layer-information layer-epidemic layer) based on evolutionary hypergraphs, incorporating individual heterogeneity and higher-order group interactions. The information layer employs an asthenic awareness-powerful awareness-asthenic awareness (APA) propagation model to characterize the diffusion of epidemic awareness, integrated with a perceived pain level metric to quantify dynamic awareness states among infected individuals. The underlying susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model incorporates dual modulation factors that adjust infection and transmission probabilities based on awareness-dependent behaviors. Model validity is verified through microscopic Markov chain approach (MMCA) numerical simulations, which identify epidemic thresholds and analyze key parameters. The key findings reveal that susceptibility and transmission rates are critical factors determining epidemic scale; high-coverage official media can rapidly disseminate accurate information and curb rumors; controlling pain levels and improving recovery efficiency are crucial for reducing the infection peak and shortening epidemic duration. This study provides a systematic analytical framework for understanding the interaction mechanisms among mass media, individual cognition, and epidemic transmission in real-world scenarios.
Keywords:  epidemic transmission      information transmission      individual consciousness      multilayer hypernetwork      microscopic Markov chain  
Received:  16 June 2025      Revised:  16 July 2025      Accepted manuscript online:  23 July 2025
PACS:  02.50.Ga (Markov processes)  
  02.60.Cb (Numerical simulation; solution of equations)  
  02.50.Ey (Stochastic processes)  
Fund: Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. N2406015).
Corresponding Authors:  Zhiping Wang, Lin Wang     E-mail:  wzp@dlmu.edu.cn;1015132938@qq.com

Cite this article: 

Shijie Xie(谢仕杰), Peiwen Wang(王沛文), Zhiping Wang(王志平), Yueyue Zheng(郑月月), and Lin Wang(王琳) Epidemic evolution model considering individual heterogeneity in multi-layer hypernetwork 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 030202

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