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Special Issue:
SPECIAL TOPIC — Ultrafast physics in atomic, molecular and optical systems
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| SPECIAL TOPIC — Ultrafast physics in atomic, molecular and optical systems |
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Influence of excited states in high-order harmonic generation at intense mid-infrared field |
| Yan Fang(方言), Da-Wei Tian(田大纬), Yue Cao(曹玥), Xiao-Lei Hao(郝小雷), and Zheng Shu(舒正)† |
| State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China |
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Abstract We present a comprehensive study on the role of various excited states in high-order harmonic generation of hydrogen atoms driven by a long-wavelength (1500 nm) laser field. By numerically solving the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation (TDSE) and performing a time-frequency analysis, we investigate the influence of individual excited states on the harmonic spectrum. Our results reveal that the 2s excited state primarily contributes to the enhancement of high-energy harmonic yields by facilitating long electron trajectories, while the 2p excited state predominantly suppresses harmonic yields in the lower-energy region (20th-50th orders) by altering the contributions of electron trajectories. Our results highlight the critical role of the excited states in the HHG process, even at longer laser wavelengths.
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Received: 27 March 2025
Revised: 12 May 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 19 May 2025
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PACS:
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32.80.Rm
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(Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states)
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42.65.Ky
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(Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation)
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| Fund: This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi. |
Corresponding Authors:
Zheng Shu
E-mail: zheng_shu@sxu.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Yan Fang(方言), Da-Wei Tian(田大纬), Yue Cao(曹玥), Xiao-Lei Hao(郝小雷), and Zheng Shu(舒正) Influence of excited states in high-order harmonic generation at intense mid-infrared field 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 103201
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