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Phonons at functional oxide interfaces: An in situ sum-frequency spectroscopic perspective |
| Shiyu Zhang(张诗雨), Junjie Dong(董俊杰), Tongying Liu(刘彤影), and Wei-Tao Liu(刘韡韬)† |
| Physics Department, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures of Ministry of Education (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China |
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Abstract Functional oxides host emergent interfacial phenomena from superconductivity to catalysis, intimately tied to lattice phonons that mediate many-body interactions. Sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, a second-order nonlinear optical technique with intrinsic surface specificity, enables in situ and operando probing of lattice vibrations at surfaces and interfaces. In this review, we introduce the basic theory of SFG and survey its application in investigating functional oxide surfaces and interfaces - tracking oxygen vacancies on anatase TiO$_{2}$, unveiling electron-phonon coupling modulation in LaAlO$_{3}$/SrTiO$_{3}$ heterostructures, and detecting polaronic signatures in Nb-doped SrTiO$_{3}$ - thereby offering microscopic insights into the physics of oxide interfaces.
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Received: 10 February 2026
Revised: 18 March 2026
Accepted manuscript online: 26 March 2026
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PACS:
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42.65.-k
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(Nonlinear optics)
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68.35.Ja
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(Surface and interface dynamics and vibrations)
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63.20.kd
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(Phonon-electron interactions)
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| Fund: We acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12250002), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2024YFA1409803), and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant Nos. 23JC1400400 and 23DZ2260100). |
Corresponding Authors:
Wei-Tao Liu
E-mail: wtliu@fudan.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Shiyu Zhang(张诗雨), Junjie Dong(董俊杰), Tongying Liu(刘彤影), and Wei-Tao Liu(刘韡韬) Phonons at functional oxide interfaces: An in situ sum-frequency spectroscopic perspective 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 064203
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