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Chin. Phys. B, 2026, Vol. 35(3): 030502    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/adf31b
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Adaptive distributed optimization of high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with predefined accuracy under state observer

Xiao-Wen Zhao(赵小文)1,†, Tong Shu(疏彤)1, Deng-Hao Pang(庞登浩)2, Tao Li(李涛)3, and Mei Yao(姚梅)1
1 School of Mathematics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China;
2 School of Internet, AnHui University, Hefei 230601, China;
3 School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
Abstract  This paper discusses adaptive distributed optimization with predefined accuracy for high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) that are subject to disturbances and nonlinear uncertainties. To estimate the global optimal solution in real-time, a distributed proportional-integral optimization technique is used to generate a virtual system for each agent. For the unknown control gain of the controller, the Nussbaum function is employed. Then, a fuzzy adaptive observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured state by leveraging the general approximation capabilities of fuzzy logic systems. Using the Lyapunov stability method and backstepping technique, we develop the adaptive law and a new distributed controller. This ensures that the outputs of multi-agent systems converge to optimal values. Finally, a simulation example is used to confirm the viability of the presented control mechanism.
Keywords:  distributed optimization      nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs)      fuzzy state observer      predefined accuracy control  
Received:  03 June 2025      Revised:  14 July 2025      Accepted manuscript online:  23 July 2025
PACS:  05.45.Jn (High-dimensional chaos)  
Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62173121, 12301185, 62573173, and 62473135).
Corresponding Authors:  Xiao-Wen Zhao     E-mail:  zhaoxiaowen@hfut.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Xiao-Wen Zhao(赵小文), Tong Shu(疏彤), Deng-Hao Pang(庞登浩), Tao Li(李涛), and Mei Yao(姚梅) Adaptive distributed optimization of high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with predefined accuracy under state observer 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 030502

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