The duality of a single particle with an n-dimensional internal degree of freedom

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/23/3/030307

Abstract The wave–particle duality of a single particle with an n-dimensional internal degree of freedom is re-examined theoretically in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The famous duality relation D²+V² ≤ 1 is always valid in this situation, where D is the distinguishability and V is the visibility. However, the sum of the particle information and the wave information, D²+V², can be smaller than one for the input of a pure state if this initial pure state includes the internal degree of freedom of the particle, while the quantity D²+V² is always equal to one when the internal degree of freedom of the particle is excluded.

Keywords: wave– particle duality internal degree of freedom single particle

Received: 29 July 2013
Revised: 22 September 2013
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	03.65.Ta	(Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory)
	42.50.Xa	(Optical tests of quantum theory)
	07.60.Ly	(Interferometers)

Fund: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB921603) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11125418 and 11364022).

Corresponding Authors: Jia Ai-Ai
E-mail: jiaaiai1988@163.com

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Jia Ai-Ai (贾爱爱), Huang Jie-Hui (黄接辉), Feng Wei (冯伟), Zhang Tian-Cai (张天才), Zhu Shi-Yao (朱诗尧) The duality of a single particle with an n-dimensional internal degree of freedom 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 030307

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