Lie symmetries and invariants of constrained Hamiltonian systems
Liu Rong-Wan (刘荣万)ab, Chen Li-Qun (陈立群)b
a Department of Physics, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; b Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
Abstract According to the theory of the invariance of ordinary differential equations under the infinitesimal transformations of group, the relations between Lie symmetries and invariants of the mechanical system with a singular Lagrangian are investigated in phase space. New dynamical equations of the system are given in canonical form and the determining equations of Lie symmetry transformations are derived. The proposition about the Lie symmetries and invariants are presented. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result in this paper.
Received: 30 December 2003
Revised: 31 May 2004
Accepted manuscript online:
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.