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Probing the shape of the primordial curvature power spectrum and the energy scale of reheating with pulsar timing arrays |
| Lele Fan(范乐乐)1,2, Jie Zheng(郑捷)2, Fengge Zhang(张丰阁)2, and Zhi-Qiang You(尤志强)2,† |
1 School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;
2 Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China |
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Abstract Recent observations by pulsar timing array collaborations have detected a stochastic common-spectrum signal, which may originate from scalar-induced gravitational waves generated by primordial curvature perturbations during inflation. Using the NANOGrav 15-year data set, we explore this hypothesis by constraining the primordial curvature power spectrum and reheating energy scale. We model the primordial power spectrum with a lognormal form and consider reheating with the equation of state parameter $w=1/6$. Our Bayesian analysis reveals a narrow peak in the primordial power spectrum (the width of the spectrum △ < 0.05 at the 95% confidence level) and constrains the reheating temperature to be 0.03 GeV $\lesssim T_{\rm rh} \lesssim$ 7.2 GeV. The best-fit SIGW spectrum shows a characteristic turning point near $f \sim 10^{-8.1}$ Hz, marking the transition from reheating to radiation domination, providing a unique probe of the properties of the early Universe.
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Received: 11 September 2024
Revised: 21 November 2024
Accepted manuscript online: 05 December 2024
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PACS:
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04.30.-w
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(Gravitational waves)
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97.60.Gb
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(Pulsars)
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| Fund: ZQY is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12305059), the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program (Grant No. 235200810111), and the Startup Research Fund of Henan Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 241841224). FGZ is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12305075). JZ is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12403002) and the Startup Research Fund of Henan Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 241841221). |
Corresponding Authors:
Zhi-Qiang You
E-mail: you_zhiqiang@whu.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Lele Fan(范乐乐), Jie Zheng(郑捷), Fengge Zhang(张丰阁), and Zhi-Qiang You(尤志强) Probing the shape of the primordial curvature power spectrum and the energy scale of reheating with pulsar timing arrays 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 020402
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