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Palladium nanoparticles/wool keratin-assisted carbon composite-modified flexible and disposable electrochemical solid-state pH sensor |
| Wenli Zhang(张文立)1, Xiaotian Liu(刘笑天)1, Youhui Lin(林友辉)1, Liyun Ma(马利芸)1, Linqing Kong(孔令庆)1, Guangzong Min(闵光宗)1, Ronghui Wu(吴荣辉)1, Sharwari K. Mengane2, Likun Yang(杨丽坤)1,†, Aniruddha B. Patil3,‡, and Xiang Yang Liu(刘向阳)1,§ |
1 Department of Physics, College of Materials, and Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
2 Department of Botany, M. H. Shinde Mahavidyalaya, Tisangi, Kolhapur 416226, India;
3 Department of Chemistry, M. D. College, Parel, Mumbai-400012, India |
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Abstract Several pH-dependent processes and reactions take place in the human body; hence, the pH of body fluids is the best indicator of disturbed health conditions. However, accurate and real-time diagnosis of the pH of body fluids is complicated because of limited commercially available pH sensors. Hence, we aimed to prepare a flexible, transparent, disposable, user-friendly, and economic strip-based solid-state pH sensor using palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs)/N-doped carbon (NC) composite material. The PdNPs/NC composite material was synthesized using wool keratin (WK) as a precursor. The in-situ prepared PdNPs played a key role in the controlled switching of protein structure to the N-doped carbon skeleton with π-π arrangement at the mesoscale level, which mimics the A-B type polymeric structure, and hence, is highly susceptible to H+ ions. The optimized carbonization condition in the presence of PdNPs showed that the material obtained using a modified Ag/AgCl reference electrode had the highest pH sensitivity with excellent stability and durability. The optimized pH sensor showed high specificity and selectivity with a sensitivity of 55 mV/pH unit and a relative standard deviation of 0.79%. This study is the first to synthesize PdNPs using WK as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The applicability of the sensor was investigated for biological samples, namely, saliva and gastric juices. The proposed protocol and material have implications in solid-state chemistry, where biological material will be the best choice for the synthesis of materials with anticipated performance.
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Received: 29 July 2021
Revised: 16 November 2021
Accepted manuscript online: 24 November 2021
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PACS:
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82.47.Rs
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(Electrochemical sensors)
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87.85.fk
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(Biosensors)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51502253, U1405226, 21503175, and 21705135), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2016A030310369), and Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (Grant No. 2017J01104). The authors also thank the technical supports from Chhaya Panase (Principal M. D. College). |
Corresponding Authors:
Likun Yang, Aniruddha B. Patil, Xiang Yang Liu
E-mail: lkyang@xmu.edu.cn;aniruddhapatil135@gmail.com;liuxy@xum.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Wenli Zhang(张文立), Xiaotian Liu(刘笑天), Youhui Lin(林友辉), Liyun Ma(马利芸), Linqing Kong(孔令庆), Guangzong Min(闵光宗), Ronghui Wu(吴荣辉), Sharwari K. Mengane, Likun Yang(杨丽坤), Aniruddha B. Patil, and Xiang Yang Liu(刘向阳) Palladium nanoparticles/wool keratin-assisted carbon composite-modified flexible and disposable electrochemical solid-state pH sensor 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 028201
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