Abstract The coupling between two mutually incoherent optical beams that propagate collinearly in open-circuit photovoltaic photorefractive media is investigated. It is shown that an incoherently coupled bright—dark spatial soliton pair can be formed due to photovoltaic effect. The physical properties of such a soliton pair are also discussed.
Received: 21 June 2004
Revised: 24 August 2004
Accepted manuscript online:
Fund: Project supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology, and the Science and Technology Programme of Heilongjiang Province.
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.