Temporal behaviour of open-circuit photovoltaic solitons
Zhang Mei-Zhi(张美志)a)b)†, Lu Ke-Qing(卢克清)a), Cheng Guang-Hua(程光华)a), Li Ke-Hao(李可昊)a)b), Zhang Yi-Qi(张贻齐)a)b), Zhang Yu-Hong(张玉虹)a)b), and Zhang Yan-Peng(张彦鹏)c)
a State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciencess, Xi'an 710119, China; b Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; c Department of Electronic Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Abstract Based on the time-dependent band-transport model in a photorefractive medium, dark open-circuit photovoltaic (PV) solitons are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Compared with those of the time-independent models, our theoretical results revealed that quasi-steady-state and steady-state PV solitons can both be obtained. Our results also revealed that when $r < 1$ ($r$ is the normalized intensity at infinity), the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of solitons decreases monotonically to a constant value; when $r > 1$, however, the FWHM of solitons first decreases to a minimum before it increases to a constant value. Moreover, the FWHM of steady solitons decreases with increasing intensity ratio for $r < 1$, and increases with increasing intensity ratio for $r > 1$. We further observed dark PV solitons in experiments, and recorded their evolution. These results indicated that steady solitons can be observed at low optical power, while quasi-steady-state solitons can only be generated at higher optical power. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment.
Received: 23 September 2008
Revised: 08 March 2009
Accepted manuscript online:
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