Table of contents

15 January 2001, Volume 10 Issue 1 Previous issue    Next issue

GENERAL

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CANONICAL FORMULATION OF NONHOLONOMIC CONSTRAINED SYSTEMS Guo Yong-xin (郭永新), Yu Ying (于莹), Huang Hai-jun (黄海军) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  1-6.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/301 Abstract ( 1401 )   PDF (233KB) ( 628 )   Based on the Ehresmann connection theory and symplectic geometry, the canonical formulation of nonholonomic constrained mechanical systems is described. Following the Lagrangian formulation of the constrained system, the Hamiltonian formulation is given by Legendre transformation. The Poisson bracket defined by an anti-symmetric tensor does not satisfy the Jacobi identity for the nonintegrability of nonholonomic constraints. The constraint manifold can admit symplectic submanifold for some cases, in which the Lie algebraic structure exists.

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CUMULANTS OF STOCHASTIC RESPONSE FOR A CLASS OF SPECIAL NONHOLONOMIC SYSTEMS Shang Mei (尚玫), Zhang Yi (张毅) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  7-11.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/302 Abstract ( 981 )   PDF (203KB) ( 438 )   This paper studies the response cumulants for a kind of special nonholonomic systems under non-Gaussian, delta-correlated excitations. We present a new methodology for formulating the equations governing the evolution of the response cumulants of the stochastic dynamic systems. The response cumulant differential equations (CDEs) derived can be used to calculate the response cumulants for both linear and nonlinear systems. One example is given to illustrate how to use the CDEs for calculating response cumulants.

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EFFECTS OF CONSTRAINTS ON LIE SYMMETRIES AND CONSERVED QUANTITIES OF A BIRKHOFF SYSTEM Zhang Rui-chao (张睿超), Chen Xiang-wei (陈向炜), Mei Feng-xiang (梅凤翔) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  12-16.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/303 Abstract ( 1039 )   PDF (197KB) ( 526 )   After a Birkhoff system is restricted by constraints, the determining equations, the Lie symmetries, the structure equation and the form of conserved quantities corresponding to the Lie symmetries will change. Some Lie symmetries will disappear and under certain conditions some Lie symmetries will still remain present. The condition under which Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of the system will remain is given.

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USING RANDOM PROPORTIONAL PULSE FEEDBACK OF SYSTEM VARIABLES TO CONTROL CHAOS AND HYPERCHAOS Luo Xiao-shu (罗晓曙), Wang Bing-hong (汪秉宏), Jiang Feng (江峰), Gao Yuan (高远) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  17-20.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/304 Abstract ( 1268 )   PDF (213KB) ( 570 )   A method that allows one to control chaotic and hyperchaotic systems by a random proportional pulse feedback of system variables is proposed. This method is illustrated with the Rossler chaotic and the complex Lorenz-Harken hyperchaotic systems, and a better control result is obtained. The advantage of this method is that just one perturbed system variable is enough to obtain a stabilized periodic orbit.

NUCLEAR PHYSICS

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INTERACTION MEAN FREE PATH OF He PROJECTILE FRAGMENTS FROM 16O-EM COLLISION AT 60 A GeV Zhang Dong-hai (张东海), Sun Han-cheng (孙汉城), G. GHARIBI Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  21-26.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/305 Abstract ( 1070 )   PDF (229KB) ( 529 )   The interaction mean free path of He projectile fragments, produced by the collisions of 16O at 60 A GeV in a nuclear emulsion, has been investigated. In the present analysis, 1555 He projectile fragments, giving rise to 320 secondary interactions, have been used. At a level of 3% a very weak signal of anomalons is observed, which comes mainly from the 3×He channel.

ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

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SPECIAL LINE-SHAPES OF TWO-PHOTON TRANSITIONS IN A Y-TYPE FOUR-LEVEL SYSTEM BASED ON QUANTUM INTERFERENCE Deng Le (邓乐), Wang Wei-sheng (王蔚生), Sun Zhen-rong (孙真荣), Ding Liang-en (丁良恩), Wang Zu-geng (王祖赓) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  27-30.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/306 Abstract ( 1090 )   PDF (194KB) ( 561 )   The experimentally observed special line-shape induced by the interaction between two counter-propagating equal-frequency fields and an Y-type four-level system with two mixed upper levels has been analyzed theoretically. Serious line-shape variations of the two-photon transitions due to the quantum interference are discussed and predicted.

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MEASUREMENT OF L-SHELL IONIZATION CROSS SECTIONS FOR NIOBIUM BY ELECTRON IMPACT Peng Xiu-feng (彭秀峰), He Fu-qing (何福庆), Long Xian-guan (龙先灌), An Zhu (安竹), Luo Zheng-ming (罗正明) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  31-34.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/307 Abstract ( 1090 )   PDF (183KB) ( 444 )   L-shell ionization cross sections of Nb by electron impact in the energy range from 3 to 40 keV have been determined with a Si(Li) X-ray detector. Influence of reflected electrons from backing on the measurement was corrected using an electron transport model. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations of Gryzinski and McGuire.

CLASSICAL AREAS OF PHENOMENOLOGY

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ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE-PARTICLE FORCES IN ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS Zhao He-ping (赵鹤平), Liu Zheng-you (刘正猷), Liu You-yan (刘有延) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  35-39.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/308 Abstract ( 1313 )   PDF (224KB) ( 413 )   The Rayleigh identity, based on a multipole expansion theory, is extended to analyse the forces between particles in an electrorheological system. The shear modulus for chains of particles arrayed on a square lattice is calculated. It is found that the modulus increases linearly with the ratio of dielectric constants of the dispersed particles to that of the continuous phase; as the ratio becomes larger, contrary to the expectations from a simple dipole approximation, the modulus would saturate. In the case of conducting particles, the modulus varies with the frequency of the applied field. In a limiting case of perfectly conducting particles, the conductivity is also considered. It is found that the particle-particle forces are extremely sensitive to their separations from each other.

PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES

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DISAPPEARANCE OF TWO-PLASMON DECAY INSTABILITY IN PLASMAS PRODUCED BY ULTRASHORT LASER PULSES Chen Li-ming (陈黎明), Zhang Jie (张杰), Lin Hai (林海), Li Yu-tong (李玉同), Zhao Li-zeng (赵理曾), Jiang Wen-mian (江文勉) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  40-43.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/309 Abstract ( 1444 )   PDF (213KB) ( 525 )   Harmonic emission was studied from a plasma produced by ultrashort laser pulses. Unlike the harmonics from plasmas created by long (ns) laser pulses, the 3/2 harmonic emission was not observed in the interaction between plasmas and ultrashort laser pulses. A simple model is proposed to explain this phenomenon.

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A RELATIVISTIC QUASI-STATIC MODEL FOR ELECTRONS IN INTENSE LASER FIELDS Chen Bao-zhen (陈宝振) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  44-45.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/310 Abstract ( 1022 )   PDF (145KB) ( 419 )   A relativistic quasi-static model for the motion of the electrons in relativistic laser fields is proposed. Using the model, the recent experimental results about the generation of the hot electrons in relativistic laser fields can be fit quite well and the important role of the rescattering can be shown clearly.

CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

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MULTIPLE CLUSTER GROWTH OF ULTRA-THIN FILMS WITH ANISOTROPIC EDGE DIFFUSION Wang Dai-mu (王戴木), Wu Zi-qin (吴自勤) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  46-51.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/311 Abstract ( 1141 )   PDF (284KB) ( 601 )   The multiple cluster growth of ultra-thin films on a hexagonal substrate with fractal, dendritic and compact morphology has been studied by computer simulation. The influence of the different diffusion processes along island edges on the island shape has been investigated. The results show that the anisotropic corner diffusion induces the dendritic growth, and the anisotropic step diffusion can promote the anisotropic growth and cause the ramified islands growing in three directions. In the case of compact growth, the island shape is mainly determined by the anisotropic corner crossing process. The nonuniform distribution of the multiple cluster formation can be described quantitatively by multifractal. With patterns changing from fractal to compact islands, the width and height of the bell-like or hook-like multifractal spectra increase, while the top f($\alpha$) decreases.

CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES

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ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF BISMUTH MOLYBDENUM OXIDE SINGLE CRYSTAL Bi0.19MoO3 Xiong Rui (熊锐), Shi Jing (石兢), Tang Wu-feng (汤五丰), Tian De-cheng (田德诚) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  52-57.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/312 Abstract ( 1556 )   PDF (222KB) ( 667 )   Single crystal Bi0.19MoO3 has been grown by fused salt electrolytic technique. X-ray powder diffraction shows that the unit cell parameters are: a=1.9985nm, b=0.4085nm and c=1.4437nm. The temperature dependence of resistivity demonstrates a semiconductor characteristic. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy studies provide that the valence band of Bi0.19MoO3 are made up of oxygen p$\pi$ and the $\pi$*, $\pi$ and $\sigma$ bonding bands formed by orbital combination. The shoulder at 0.4 eV near the top of valence band may be formed from the non-bonding dxy orbitals of some Mo atoms. The O1s core-electron spectrum reveals the presence of two inequivalent bonds of oxygen ions in Bi0.19MoO3. Bi4f core-level spectrum shows two bonding characters of Bi atoms in bismuth molybdenum oxide single crystals. Mo3d core-level spectrum could be decomposed into two kinds of valence states of molybdenum(Mo+5 and Mo+6).

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FLUORESCENCE MECHANISMS OF Tm3+- AND Yb3+/Tm3+ DOPED AlF3-BASED FLUORIDE GLASS Zhang Long (张龙), Zhang Jun-jie (张军杰), Hu He-fang (胡和方), Lin Feng-ying (林凤英) Chinese Physics, 2001, 10 (1):  58-64.  DOI: 10.1088/1009-1963/10/1/313 Abstract ( 1108 )   PDF (266KB) ( 763 )   A complete set of spectroscopic parameters, including Judd-Ofelt parameters, radiative transition probabilities, radiative lifetime, branching ratios and integrated absorption cross section, have been calculated for Tm3+- doped fluoroaluminate (AYF) glass, based on the measured absorption spectra. The mechanism of Tm3+→Tm3+ and Yb3+ $\Leftrightarrow$ Tm3+ energy transfers and fluorescence properties have been investigated in both Tm3+ single-doped and Yb3+/Tm3+ double-doped AYF glasses. The cross-relaxation process, 3F4+3H6→23H4, is proved, which makes the optimum Tm3+ concentration of 1.77μm fluorescence (3H4→3H6) much higher than 1.45μm fluorescence (3F4→3H4) in Tm3+:AYF glasses. In Yb3+/Tm3+:AYF glasses, a stronger concentration quenching is found for the 476nm emission than that for the 797nm emission, and is discussed under the 970nm-excitation.