Analysis of highly efficient perovskite solar cells with inorganic hole transport material

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ab520f

Abstract Organo-halide perovskites in planar heterojunction architecture have shown considerable promise as efficient light harvesters in solar cells. We carry out a numerical modeling of a planar lead based perovskite solar cell (PSC) with Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) as the hole transporting material (HTM) using the one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). The effects of numerous parameters such as defect density, thickness, and doping density of the absorber layer on the device performance are investigated. The doping densities and electron affinities of the electron transporting material (ETM) and the HTM are also varied to optimize the PSC performance. It has been observed that a thinner absorber layer of~220 nm with a defect density of 10¹⁴ cm^-3 compared to the reference structure improves the device performance. When doping density of the absorber layer increases beyond 2×10¹⁶ cm^-3, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) reduces due to enhanced recombination rate. The defect density at the absorber/ETM interface reduces the PCE as well. Considering a series resistance of 5 Ω·cm² and all the optimum parameters of absorber, ETM and HTM layers simultaneously, the overall PCE of the device increases significantly. In comparison with the reference structure, the PCE of the optimized device has been increased from 12.76% to 22.7%, and hence the optimized CZTS based PSC is highly efficient.

Keywords: CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) SCAPS-1D absorption coefficient

Received: 08 July 2019
Revised: 29 September 2019
Accepted manuscript online:

PACS:	88.40.H-	(Solar cells (photovoltaics))
	88.40.hj	(Efficiency and performance of solar cells)
	88.40.fc	(Modeling and analysis)

Corresponding Authors: S A Mahmood
E-mail: asifmahmood@eee.buet.ac.bd

Cite this article:

I Kabir, S A Mahmood Analysis of highly efficient perovskite solar cells with inorganic hole transport material 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 128801

[34]	Herz L M 2017 ACS Energy Lett. 2 1539
[1]	Park N G, Gratzel M, Miyasaka T, Zhu K and Emery K 2016 Nat. Energy 1 16152
[35]	Chihi A, Boujmil M F and Bessais B 2017 J. Electron. Mater. 46 5270
[2]	Hawash Z, Ono L K and Qi Y 2018 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5 1700623
[36]	Shin B, Gunawan O, Zhu Y, Bojarczuk N A, Chey S J and Guha S 2013 Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 21 72
[3]	Kim H S, Lee C R, Im J H, Lee K B, Moehl T, Marchioro A, Moon S J, Humphry-Baker R, Yum J H, Moser J E and Grätzel M 2012 Sci. Rep. 2 591
[37]	Wanda M D, Ouédraogo S, Tchoffo F, Zougmoré F and Ndjaka J M B 2016 Int. J. Photoenergy 1
[4]	Liu D and Kelly T L 2014 Nat. Photon. 8 133
[38]	https://www.pvlighthouse.com.au/refractive-index-library
[5]	Jiang M, Niu Q, Tang X, Zhang H, Xu H, Huang W, Yao J, Yan B and Xia R 2019 Polymers 11 147
[39]	Sap J A, Isabella O, Jager K and Zeman M 2011 Thin Solid Films 520 1096
[6]	Kojima A, Teshima K, Shirai Y and Miyasaka T 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 6050
[40]	Ng A, Ren Z, Shen Q, Cheung S H, Gokkaya H C, So S K, Djurisic A B, Wan Y, Wu X and Surya C 2016 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 32805
[7]	Fakharuddin A, De Rossi F, Watson T M, Schmidt-Mende L and Jose R 2016 APL Mater. 4 091505
[41]	Zhou Y and Long G 2017 J. Phys. Chem. C 121 1455
[8]	Werner J, Niesen B and Ballif C 2018 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5 1700731
[42]	Baloch A A, Hossain M I, Tabet N and Alharbi F H 2018 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9 426
[9]	Noh J H, Im S H, Heo J H, Mandal T N and Seok S I 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1764
[43]	Tavakoli M M, Gu L, Gao Y, Reckmeier C, He J, Rogach A L, Yao Y and Fan Z 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 14083
[10]	Baltakesmez A, Biber M and Tüzemena S 2018 J. Radiat. Res. App. Scis 11 124
[44]	Lim K G, Ahn S, Kim Y H, Qi Y and Lee T W 2016 Energy Environ. Sci. 9 932
[11]	Kim Y, Jung E H, Kim G, Kim D, Kim B J and Seo J 2018 J. Adv. Energy Mater. 8 1801668
[45]	Thakur U, Kisslinger R and Shankar K 1996 Nano Mater. 7 95
[12]	Nia N Y, Matteocci F, Cina L and Carlo A D 2017 ChemSusChem. 10 3854
[46]	Jiang C S, Yang M, Zhou Y, To B, Nanayakkara S U, Luther J M, Zhou W, Berry J J, Van De Lagemaat J, Padture N P, Zhu K and Al-Jassim M M 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8397
[13]	Wang Y, Hu Y, Han D, Yuan Q, Caoc T, Chen N, Zhou D, Cong H and Feng L 2019 Org. Electron. 70 63
[47]	Jung E H, Jeon N J, Park E Y, Moon C S, Shin T J, Yang T Y, Noh J H and Seo J 2019 Nature 567 511
[14]	Jena A K, Numata Y, Ikegami M and Miyasaka T 2018 J. Mater. Chem. A 6 2219
[48]	Ravindiran M and Praveenkumar C 2018 Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 94 317
[15]	Ava T, Al-Mamun A, Marsillac S and Namkoong G 2019 Appl. Sci. 9 188
[49]	Zhang X, Fu E, Wang Y and Zhang C 2019 Nanomaterials 9 336
[16]	Hu L, Li M, Yang K, Xiong Z, Yang B, Wang M, Tang X, Zang Z, Liu X, Li B, Xiao Z, Lu S, Gong H, Ouyang J and Sun K 2018 J. Mater. Chem. A 6 16583
[17]	Heo J H, Han H J, Lee M, Song M, Kim D H and Im S H 2015 Energy Environ. Sci. 8 2922
[18]	Zhou P, Bu T, Shi S, Li L, Zhang Y, Ku Z, Peng Y, Zhong J, Cheng Y B and Huang F 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C 6 5733
[19]	Ye S, Sun W, Li Y, Yan W, Peng H, Bian Z, Lui Z and Huang C 2015 Nano Lett. 15 3723
[20]	Zuo C and Ding L 2015 Small 11 5528
[21]	Patel S B, Patel A H and Gohel J V 2018 Cryst. Eng. Comm. 20 7677
[22]	Li X, Yang J, Jiang Q, Chu W, Zhang D, Zhou Z and Xin J 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 41354
[23]	Xu L, Deng L L, Cao J, Wang X, Chen W Y and Jiang Z 2017 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 12 159
[24]	Yang S, Fu W, Zhang Z, Chen H and Li C Z 2017 J. Mater. Chem. A 5 11462
[25]	Wu Q, Xue C, Li Y, Zhou P, Liu W, Zhu J, Dai S, Zhu C and Yang S 2015 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 28466
[26]	Zuo Y, Chen L, Jiang W, Liu B, Zeng C, Li M and Shi X 2018 Mater. Tehno. 52 483
[27]	Mahmood K, Sarwar S and Mehran M 2017 RSC Adv. 7 17044
[28]	Wang R, Mujahid M, Duan Y, Wang Z K, Xue J and Yang Y 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 1808843
[29]	Burgelman M, Decock K, Khelifi S and Abass A 2013 Thin Solid Films 535 296
[30]	Kabir I, Sadik F and Mahmood S A 2018 10th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh 20-22 December 2018, p. 145
[31]	Chouhan A S, Jasti N P and Avasthi S 2018 Mater. Lett. 221 150
[32]	Tan K, Lin P, Wang G, Liu Y, Xu Z and Lin Y 2016 Solid State Electron. 126 75
[33]	Li H, Yang Y, Feng X, Shen K, Li H, Li J, Jiang Z and Song F 2016 Nanomater Nanotechnol. 6 24
[34]	Herz L M 2017 ACS Energy Lett. 2 1539
[35]	Chihi A, Boujmil M F and Bessais B 2017 J. Electron. Mater. 46 5270
[36]	Shin B, Gunawan O, Zhu Y, Bojarczuk N A, Chey S J and Guha S 2013 Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 21 72
[37]	Wanda M D, Ouédraogo S, Tchoffo F, Zougmoré F and Ndjaka J M B 2016 Int. J. Photoenergy 1
[38]	https://www.pvlighthouse.com.au/refractive-index-library
[39]	Sap J A, Isabella O, Jager K and Zeman M 2011 Thin Solid Films 520 1096
[40]	Ng A, Ren Z, Shen Q, Cheung S H, Gokkaya H C, So S K, Djurisic A B, Wan Y, Wu X and Surya C 2016 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 32805
[41]	Zhou Y and Long G 2017 J. Phys. Chem. C 121 1455
[42]	Baloch A A, Hossain M I, Tabet N and Alharbi F H 2018 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9 426
[43]	Tavakoli M M, Gu L, Gao Y, Reckmeier C, He J, Rogach A L, Yao Y and Fan Z 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 14083
[44]	Lim K G, Ahn S, Kim Y H, Qi Y and Lee T W 2016 Energy Environ. Sci. 9 932
[45]	Thakur U, Kisslinger R and Shankar K 1996 Nano Mater. 7 95
[46]	Jiang C S, Yang M, Zhou Y, To B, Nanayakkara S U, Luther J M, Zhou W, Berry J J, Van De Lagemaat J, Padture N P, Zhu K and Al-Jassim M M 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8397
[47]	Jung E H, Jeon N J, Park E Y, Moon C S, Shin T J, Yang T Y, Noh J H and Seo J 2019 Nature 567 511
[48]	Ravindiran M and Praveenkumar C 2018 Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 94 317
[49]	Zhang X, Fu E, Wang Y and Zhang C 2019 Nanomaterials 9 336

[1]	Enhancing the photo-luminescence stability of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film with ionic liquids Weifeng Ma(马威峰), Chunjie Ding(丁春杰), Nasrullah Wazir, Xianshuang Wang(王宪双), Denan Kong(孔德男), An Li(李安), Bingsuo Zou(邹炳锁), and Ruibin Liu(刘瑞斌). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(3): 037802.
[2]	Enhanced absorption process in the thin active region of GaAs based p-i-n structure Chen Yue(岳琛), Xian-Sheng Tang(唐先胜), Yang-Feng Li(李阳锋), Wen-Qi Wang(王文奇), Xin-Xin Li(李欣欣), Jun-Yang Zhang(张珺玚), Zhen Deng(邓震), Chun-Hua Du(杜春花), Hai-Qiang Jia(贾海强), Wen-Xin Wang(王文新), Wei Lu(陆卫), Yang Jiang(江洋), and Hong Chen(陈弘). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(9): 097803.
[3]	Origin of anomalous enhancement of the absorption coefficient in a PN junction Xiansheng Tang(唐先胜), Baoan Sun(孙保安), Chen Yue(岳琛), Xinxin Li(李欣欣), Junyang Zhang(张珺玚), Zhen Deng(邓震), Chunhua Du(杜春花), Wenxin Wang(王文新), Haiqiang Jia(贾海强), Yang Jiang(江洋), Weihua Wang(汪卫华), and Hong Chen(陈弘). Chin. Phys. B, 2021, 30(9): 097804.
[4]	Optical properties of core/shell spherical quantum dots Shuo Li(李硕), Lei Shi(石磊), Zu-Wei Yan(闫祖威). Chin. Phys. B, 2020, 29(9): 097802.
[5]	Quantal studies of sodium 3p←3s photoabsorption spectra perturbed by ground lithium atoms N Lamoudi, F Talbi, M T Bouazza, M Bouledroua, K Alioua. Chin. Phys. B, 2019, 28(6): 063202.
[6]	Theoretical investigation of the pressure broadening D₁ and D₂ lines of cesium atoms colliding with ground-state helium atoms Moussaoui Abdelaziz, Alioua Kamel, Allouche Abdul-rahman, Bouledroua Moncef. Chin. Phys. B, 2019, 28(10): 103103.
[7]	Light absorption coefficients of ionic liquids under electric field Ji Zhou(周吉), Shi-Kui Dong(董士奎), Zhi-Hong He(贺志宏), Ju-Lius Caesar Puoza, Yan-Hu Zhang(张彦虎). Chin. Phys. B, 2019, 28(1): 017801.
[8]	Pressure-broadened atomic Li(2s-2p) line perturbed by ground neon atoms in the spectral wings and core Sabri Bouchoucha, Kamel Alioua, Moncef Bouledroua. Chin. Phys. B, 2017, 26(7): 073202.
[9]	Low-temperature phase transformation of CZTS thin films Wei Zhao(赵蔚), Lin-Yuan Du(杜霖元), Lin-Lin Liu(刘林林), Ya-Li Sun(孙亚利), Zhi-Wei Liu(柳志伟), Xiao-Yun Teng(滕晓云), Juan Xie(谢娟), Kuang Liu(刘匡), Wei Yu(于威), Guang-Sheng Fu(傅广生), Chao Gao(高超). Chin. Phys. B, 2017, 26(4): 046402.
[10]	Effect of size and indium-composition on linear and nonlinear optical absorption of InGaN/GaN lens-shaped quantum dot Ahmed S Jbara, Zulkafli Othaman, M A Saeed. Chin. Phys. B, 2016, 25(5): 057801.
[11]	Effect of thermal pretreatment of metal precursor on the properties of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ films Wang Wei (王威), Shen Hong-Lie (沈鸿烈), Jin Jia-Le (金佳乐), Li Jin-Ze (李金泽), Ma Yue (马跃). Chin. Phys. B, 2015, 24(5): 056805.
[12]	Multi-wavelength measurements of aerosol optical absorption coefficients using a photoacoustic spectrometer Liu Qiang (刘强), Huang Hong-Hua (黄宏华), Wang Yao (王尧), Wang Gui-Shi (王贵师), Cao Zhen-Song (曹振松), Liu Kun (刘锟), Chen Wei-Dong (陈卫东), Gao Xiao-Ming (高晓明). Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23(6): 064205.
[13]	Monitoring the reaction between AlCl₃ and o-xylene by using terahertz spectroscopy Jin Wu-Jun (金武军), Li Tao (李涛), Zhao Kun (赵昆), Zhao Hui (赵卉). Chin. Phys. B, 2013, 22(11): 118701.
[14]	Nonlinear optical characterization of phosphate glasses based on ZnO using the Z-scan technique Masoumeh Shokati Mojdehi, Wan Mahmood Mat Yunus, Khor Shing Fhan, Zainal Abidin Talib, N. Tamchek. Chin. Phys. B, 2013, 22(11): 117802.
[15]	The effect of an optical pump on the absorption coefficient of magnesium-doped near-stoichiometric lithium niobate in terahertz range Zuo Zhi-Gao (左志高), Ling Fu-Ri (凌福日), Ma De-Cai (马德才), Wu Liang (吴亮), Liu Jin-Song (刘劲松), Yao Jian-Quan (姚建铨). Chin. Phys. B, 2013, 22(10): 107802.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Metrics
Related Articles

Analysis of highly efficient perovskite solar cells with inorganic hole transport material

Cite this article:

Online attention