Upconversion photoluminescence of Er-doped Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics enhanced by vacancy clusters revealed by positron annihilation spectroscopy

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ad84ca

Abstract Doping of rare earth elements into Bi$_{4}$Ti$_{3}$O$_{12}$ can significantly enhance the upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) properties, but its structure-property relationship is still unclear. In this work, Er-doped bismuth titanate Bi$_{4-x}$Er$_{x}$Ti$_{3}$O$_{12}$ ($x=0$, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) ceramics were synthesized via solid-state reaction method. The x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the orthorhombic crystalline structure of the Bi$_{4-x}$Er$_{x}$Ti$_{3}$O$_{12}$ ceramics without any secondary phases. Experiments and calculations of positron annihilation spectroscopy were carried out to characterize their defect structure. The comparison between the experimental and calculated lifetime revealed that vacancy clusters were the main defects in the ceramics. The increase of the intensity of the second positron lifetime component ($I_{2}$) of Bi$_{3.5}$Er$_{0.5}$Ti$_{3}$O$_{12}$ ceramics indicated the presence of a high concentration of vacancy clusters. The UCPL spectra showed the sudden enhanced UCPL performance in Bi$_{3.7}$Er$_{0.3}$Ti$_{3}$O$_{12}$ and Bi$_{3.5}$Er$_{0.5}$Ti$_{3}$O$_{12}$ ceramics, which were consistent with the variation of the second positron lifetime component ($I_{2}$). These results indicate that the enhanced UCPL properties are influenced not only by the concentrations of rare earth ions but also by the concentration of vacancy clusters present within the ceramics.

Keywords: bismuth layered structure positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy upconversion photoluminescence vacancy clusters

Received: 26 July 2024
Revised: 11 September 2024
Accepted manuscript online: 09 October 2024

PACS:	61.72.jd	(Vacancies)
	78.70.Bj	(Positron annihilation)
	78.40.-q	(Absorption and reflection spectra: visible and ultraviolet)

Fund: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFA0210000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12175232).

Corresponding Authors: Jiandang Liu, Bangjiao Ye
E-mail: liujd@ustc.edu.cn;bjye@ustc.edu.cn

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Huiru Cheng(程慧茹), Yuhuan Li(李钰环), Ziwen Pan(潘子文), Jiandang Liu(刘建党), and Bangjiao Ye(叶邦角) Upconversion photoluminescence of Er-doped Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ ceramics enhanced by vacancy clusters revealed by positron annihilation spectroscopy 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 126102

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Upconversion photoluminescence of Er-doped Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics enhanced by vacancy clusters revealed by positron annihilation spectroscopy

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Upconversion photoluminescence of Er-doped Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ ceramics enhanced by vacancy clusters revealed by positron annihilation spectroscopy