Nonlinear modes coupling of trapped spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/accd53

Abstract We study analytically and numerically the nonlinear collective dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in harmonic potential. The ground state of the system is determined by minimizing the Lagrange density, and the coupled equations of motions for the center-of-mass coordinate of the condensate and its width are derived. Then, two low energy excitation modes in breathing dynamics and dipole dynamics are obtained analytically, and the mechanism of exciting the anharmonic collective dynamics is revealed explicitly. The coupling among spin-orbit coupling, Raman coupling and spin-dependent interaction results in multiple external collective modes, which leads to the anharmonic collective dynamics. The cooperative effect of spin momentum locking and spin-dependent interaction results in coupling of dipolar and breathing dynamics, which strongly depends on spin-dependent interaction and behaves distinct characters in different phases. Interestingly, in the absence of spin-dependent interaction, the breathing dynamics is decoupled from spin dynamics and the breathing dynamics is harmonic. Our results provide theoretical evidence for deep understanding of the ground sate phase transition and the nonlinear collective dynamics of the system.

Keywords: spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condenses collective excitations nonlinear modes coupling

Received: 11 January 2023
Revised: 04 April 2023
Accepted manuscript online: 17 April 2023

PACS:	03.75.Mn	(Multicomponent condensates; spinor condensates)
	03.75.Lm	(Tunneling, Josephson effect, Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices, and topological excitations)
	05.45.Yv	(Solitons)

Corresponding Authors: Ju-Kui Xue
E-mail: xuejk@nwnu.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Jie Wang(王杰), Jun-Cheng Liang(梁俊成), Zi-Fa Yu(鱼自发), An-Qing Zhang(张安庆),Ai-Xia Zhang(张爱霞), and Ju-Kui Xue(薛具奎) Nonlinear modes coupling of trapped spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 090305

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Nonlinear modes coupling of trapped spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

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