Please wait a minute...
Chin. Phys. B, 2022, Vol. 31(5): 050307    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/ac4a73
Special Issue: SPECIAL TOPIC — Non-Hermitian physics
SPECIAL TOPIC—Non-Hermitian physics Prev   Next  

Filling up complex spectral regions through non-Hermitian disordered chains

Hui Jiang? and Ching Hua Lee?
Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Republic of Singapore
Abstract  Eigenspectra that fill regions in the complex plane have been intriguing to many, inspiring research from random matrix theory to esoteric semi-infinite bounded non-Hermitian lattices. In this work, we propose a simple and robust ansatz for constructing models whose eigenspectra fill up generic prescribed regions. Our approach utilizes specially designed non-Hermitian random couplings that allow the co-existence of eigenstates with a continuum of localization lengths, mathematically emulating the effects of semi-infinite boundaries. While some of these couplings are necessarily long-ranged, they are still far more local than what is possible with known random matrix ensembles. Our ansatz can be feasibly implemented in physical platforms such as classical and quantum circuits, and harbors very high tolerance to imperfections due to its stochastic nature.
Keywords:  non-Hermitian skin effect      disordered chain      disorder localization      non-Hermitian spectra  
Received:  29 November 2021      Revised:  05 January 2022      Accepted manuscript online: 
PACS:  03.65.Vf (Phases: geometric; dynamic or topological)  
  05.50.+q (Lattice theory and statistics)  
  64.70.Tg (Quantum phase transitions)  
  71.55.Jv (Disordered structures; amorphous and glassy solids)  
Corresponding Authors:  Hui Jiang,E-mail:phyhuij@nus.edu.sg;Ching Hua Le,E-mail:phylch@nus.edu.sg     E-mail:  phyhuij@nus.edu.sg;phylch@nus.edu.sg
About author:  2022-1-12

Cite this article: 

Hui Jiang and Ching Hua Lee Filling up complex spectral regions through non-Hermitian disordered chains 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 050307

[1] Berry M V 2004 Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 54 1039
[2] Bender C M and Boettcher S1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 5243
[3] Zeuner J M, Rechtsman M C, Plotnik Y, Lumer Y, Nolte S, Rudner M S, Segev M and Szameit A 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 040402
[4] Hodaei H, Hassan A U, Wittek S, Garcia-Gracia H, El-Ganainy R, Christodoulides D N and Khajavikhan M 2017 Nature 548 187
[5] Chen W, Kaya Özdemir Ş, Zhao G, Wiersig J and Yang L 2017 Nature 548 192
[6] Zhu W, Fang X, Li D, Sun Y, Li Y, Jing Y and Chen H 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 124501
[7] Harari G, Bandres M A, Lumer Y, Rechtsman M C, Chong Y D, Khajavikhan M, Christodoulides D N and Segev M 2018 Science 359 aar4003
[8] Bandres M A, Wittek S, Harari G, Parto M, Ren J, Segev M, Christodoulides D N and Khajavikhan M 2018 Science 359 eaar4005
[9] Li J, Harter A K, Liu J, de Melo L, Joglekar Y N and Luo L 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 855
[10] Wu Y, Liu W, Geng J, Song X, Ye X, Duan C K, Rong X and Du J 2019 Science 364 878
[11] Lee C H 2020 arXiv: 2011.09505
[12] Li L, Mu S, Lee C H and Gong J 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 5294
[13] Stegmaier A, Imhof S, Helbig T, Hofmann T, Lee C H, Kremer M, Fritzsche A, Feichtner T, Klembt S, Höfling S, Boettcher I, Fulga I C, Ma L, Schmidt O G, Greiter M, Kiessling T, Szameit A and Thomale R 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 215302
[14] Gong Z, Ashida Y, Kawabata K, Takasan K, Higashikawa S and Ueda M 2018 Phys. Rev. X 8 031079
[15] Eleuch H and Rotter I 2017 Phys. Rev. A 95 022117
[16] Bergholtz E J, Budich J C and Kunst F K 2021 Rev. Mod. Phys. 93 015005
[17] Okuma N, Kawabata K, Shiozaki K and Sato M 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 086801
[18] Borgnia D S, Kruchkov A J and Slager R J 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 056802
[19] Zhang K, Yang Z and Fang C 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 126402
[20] Longhi S 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 125109
[21] Liu S, Shao R, Ma S, Zhang L, You O, Wu H, Xiang Y, Cui T and Zhang S 2021 Research 2021 1
[22] Weidemann S, Kremer M, Helbig T, Hofmann T, Stegmaier A, Greiter M, Thomale R and Szameit A 2020 Science 368 311
[23] Xiao L, Deng T, Wang K, Zhu G, Wang Z, Yi W and Xue P 2020 Nat. Phys. 16 761
[24] Lin Z, Ding L, Ke S and Li X 2021 Opt. Lett. 46 3512
[25] Hofmann T, Helbig T, Schindler F, Salgo N, Brzezińska M, Greiter M, Kiessling T, Wolf D, Vollhardt A, Kabaši A, et al. 2020 Phys. Rev. Research 2 023265
[26] Helbig T, Hofmann T, Imhof S, Abdelghany M, Kiessling T, Molenkamp L W, Lee C H, Szameit A, Greiter M and Thomale R 2020 Nat. Phys. 16 747
[27] Hofmann T, Helbig T, Lee C H, Greiter M and Thomale R 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 247702
[28] Budich J C and Bergholtz E J 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 180403
[29] Schomerus H, 2020 Phys. Rev. Research 2 013058
[30] Song Y, Liu W, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Wang B and Lu P 2020 Phys. Rev. Applied 14 064076
[31] Zhu X, Wang H, Gupta S K, Zhang H, Xie B, Lu M and Chen Y 2020 Phys. Rev. Research 2 013280
[32] Rafi-Ul-Islam S, Siu Z B and Jalil M B 2021 New J. Phys. 23 033014
[33] McDonald A and Clerk A A 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 5382
[34] Zou D, Chen T, He W, Bao J, Lee C H, Sun H and Zhang X 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 7201
[35] Zhang W, Di F, Yuan H, Wang H, Zheng X, He L, Sun H and Zhang X 2021 arXiv: 2109.08334
[36] Yao S and Wang Z 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 086803
[37] Longhi S 2019 Phys. Rev. Research 1 023013
[38] Longhi S 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 066602
[39] Scheibner C, Irvine W T M and Vitelli V 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 118001
[40] Lee C H, Li L, Thomale R and Gong J 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 085151
[41] Longhi S 2020 Opt. Lett. 45 5250
[42] Li L, Lee C H, Mu S and Gong J 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 1
[43] Schindler F and Prem A 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 L161106
[44] Bhargava B A, Fulga I C, van den Brink J and Moghaddam A G 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 L241402
[45] Lee C H and Thomale R 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 201103
[46] Ezawa M 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 201411
[47] Kawabata K, Sato M and Shiozaki K 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 205118
[48] Okugawa R, Takahashi R and Yokomizo K 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 241202
[49] Li L, Lee C H and Gong J 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 250402
[50] Longhi S 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 201103
[51] Lee C H 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 195102
[52] Cao Y, Li Y and Yang X 2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 075126
[53] Zhong J, Wang K, Park Y, Asadchy V, Wojcik C C, Dutt A and Fan S 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 125416
[54] Okuma N and Sato M 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 176601
[55] Li L, Lee C H and Gong J 2021 Communications Physics 4 1
[56] Guo C X, Liu C H, Zhao X M, Liu Y and Chen S 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 116801
[57] Xu K, Zhang X, Luo K, Yu R, Li D and Zhang H 2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 125411
[58] Okuma N and Sato M 2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 085428
[59] Yokomizo K and Murakami S 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 165117
[60] Zhang K, Yang Z and Fang C 2021 arXiv: 2102.05059
[61] Yoshida T, Mizoguchi T and Hatsugai Y 2019 arxiv: 1912.12022v1
[62] Lee C H, Li L and Gong J 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 016805
[63] Zhang X and Gong J 2020 Phys. Rev. B 101 045415
[64] Luo M 2020 arXiv: 2001.00697
[65] Yuce C 2020 Phys. Lett. A 384 126094
[66] Kunst F K and Dwivedi V 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 245116
[67] Li L, Lee C H and Gong J 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 075403
[68] Yi Y and Yang Z 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 186802
[69] Claes J and Hughes T L2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 L140201
[70] Song F, Yao S and Wang Z 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 170401
[71] Yokomizo K and Murakami S2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 066404
[72] Grein F and Chang T 1971 Chemical Physics Letters 12 44
[73] Song F, Yao S and Wang Z 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 246801
[74] Yang Z, Zhang K, Fang C and Hu J 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 226402
[75] Wu D, Xie J, Zhou Y and An J 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 045422
[76] Guo G F, Bao X X and Tan L 2021 New J. Phys. 23 123007
[77] Hatano N and Nelson D R 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 570
[78] Hatano N and Nelson D R 1997 Phys. Rev. B 56 8651
[79] Longhi S, Gatti D and Della Valle G 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 094204
[80] Deng T S and Yi W 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 035102
[81] Evers F and Mirlin A D 2008 Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 1355
[82] Cai X 2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 014201
[83] Jiang H, Lang L J, Yang C, Zhu S L and Chen S 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 054301
[84] Martinez Alvarez V M, Barrios Vargas J E and Foa Torres L E F 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 121401
[85] Longhi S 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 237601
[86] Fröhlich J and Zee A 1991 Nuclear Physics B 364 517
[87] Geller M R and Vignale G 1995 Phys. Rev. B 52 14137
[88] Avron J E, Seiler R and Zograf P G 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 697
[89] Susskind L 2001arXiv: hep-th/0101029
[90] Kim E A, Lawler M, Vishveshwara S and Fradkin E 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 176402
[91] Bergman O, Okawa Y and Brodie J 2001 Journal of High Energy Physics 2001 019
[92] Jokela N, Lifschytz G and Lippert M 2011 Journal of High Energy Physics 2011 104
[93] Cho G Y, You Y and Fradkin E 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 115139
[94] Offertaler B and Bradlyn B 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 035427
[95] Albert V V, Glazman L I and Jiang L 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 173902
[96] Yakir H, Soric Jason C, Khanikaev Alexander B and Alù A 2018 Nature Electronics 1 178
[97] Lee C H, Imhof S, Berger C, Bayer F, Brehm J, Molenkamp L W, Kiessling T and Ronny T 2018 Commun. Phys. 1 1
[98] Imhof S, Berger C, Bayer F, Brehm J, Molenkamp L W, Kiessling T, Schindler F, Lee C H, Greiter M, Neupert T, et al. 2018 Nat. Phys. 14 925
[99] Helbig T, Hofmann T, Lee C H, Thomale R, Imhof S, Molenkamp L W and Kiessling T 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 161114
[100] Ezawa M 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 081401
[101] Lu Y, Jia N, Su L, Owens C, Juzeliūnas G, Schuster D I and Simon J 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 020302
[102] Zhang Z Q, Wu B L, Song J and Jiang H 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 184202
[103] Lee C H, Sutrisno A, Hofmann T, Helbig T, Liu Y, Ang Y S, Ang L K, Zhang X, Greiter M and Thomale R 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 4385
[104] Zhang X X and Franz M 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 046401
[105] Lenggenhager P M, Stegmaier A, Upreti L K, Hofmann T, Helbig T, Vollhardt A, Greiter M, Lee C H, Imhof S, Brand H, et al. 2021 arXiv: 2109.01148
[106] Dong J, Juričić V and Roy B 2021 Phys. Rev. Research 3 023056
[107] Liu S, Ma S, Yang C, Zhang L, Gao W, Xiang Y J, Cui T J and Zhang S 2020 Phys. Rev. Applied 13 014047
[108] García-Pérez G, Rossi M A and Maniscalco S 2020 npj Quantum Information 6 1
[109] Ippoliti M, Kechedzhi K, Moessner R, Sondhi S and Khemani V 2021 PRX Quantum 2 030346
[110] Choo K, Von Keyserlingk C W, Regnault N and Neupert T 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 086808
[111] Smith A, Kim M, Pollmann F and Knolle J 2019 npj Quantum Information 5 106
[112] Helsen J, Battistel F and Terhal B M 2019 npj Quantum Information 5 1
[113] Randall J, Bradley C, van der Gronden F, Galicia A, Abobeih M, Markham M, Twitchen D, Machado F, Yao N and Taminiau T 2021 Science 374 1474
[114] Frey P and Rachel S 2021 arXiv: 2105.06632
[115] Stenger J P, Bronn N T, Egger D J and Pekker D 2021 Phys. Rev. Research 3 033171
[116] Koh J M, Tai T, Phee Y H, Ng W E and Lee C H 2022 npj Quantum Information 8 16
[117] Khazali M and Mølmer K 2020 Phys. Rev. X 10 021054
[118] Nguyen T L, Raimond J M, Sayrin C, Cortiñas R, Cantat-Moltrecht T, Assemat F, Dotsenko I, Gleyzes S, Haroche S, Roux G, Jolicoeur T and Brune M 2018 Phys. Rev. X 8 011032
[119] Madjarov I S, Covey J P, Shaw A L, Choi J, Kale A, Cooper A, Pichler H, Schkolnik V, Williams J R and Endres M 2020 Nat. Phys. 16 857
[120] Younge K C, Knuffman B, Anderson S E and Raithel G 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 173001
[121] Anderson S E, Younge K C and Raithel G 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 263001
[122] Dauphin A, Müller M and Martin-Delgado M A 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 053618
[123] Bluvstein D, Omran A, Levine H, Keesling A, Semeghini G, Ebadi S, Wang T T, Michailidis A A, Maskara N, Ho W W, et al. 2021 Science 371 1355
[124] Keesling A, Omran A, Levine H, Bernien H, Pichler H, Choi S, Samajdar R, Schwartz S, Silvi P, Sachdev S, et al. 2019 Nature 568 207
[125] Omran A, Levine H, Keesling A, Semeghini G, Wang T T, Ebadi S, Bernien H, Zibrov A S, Pichler H, Choi S, et al. 2019 Science 365 570
[126] Samajdar R, Ho W W, Pichler H, Lukin M D and Sachdev S 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 103601
[127] Liu F, Yang Z C, Bienias P, Iadecola T and Gorshkov A V 2020 arXiv: 2012.03946
[128] Samajdar R, Ho W W, Pichler H, Lukin M D and Sachdev S 2021 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1184
[129] Aliyu M M, Zhao L, Quek X Q, Yellapragada K C and Loh H 2021 Phys. Rev. Research 3 043059
[1] Real non-Hermitian energy spectra without any symmetry
Boxue Zhang(张博学), Qingya Li(李青铔), Xiao Zhang(张笑), and Ching Hua Lee(李庆华). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(7): 070308.
[2] Non-Hermitian Weyl semimetals: Non-Hermitian skin effect and non-Bloch bulk-boundary correspondence
Xiaosen Yang(杨孝森), Yang Cao(曹阳), and Yunjia Zhai(翟云佳). Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(1): 010308.
[3] A new way to construct topological invariants of non-Hermitian systems with the non-Hermitian skin effect
J S Liu(刘建森), Y Z Han(韩炎桢), C S Liu(刘承师). Chin. Phys. B, 2020, 29(1): 010302.
No Suggested Reading articles found!