ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS |
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A numerical study of contact force in competitive evacuation |
Peng Lin(林鹏)1, Jian Ma(马剑)2, You-Ling Si(司有亮)1, Fan-Yu Wu(吴凡雨)1, Guo-Yuan Wang(王国元)1, Jian-Yu Wang(王建宇)2 |
1. Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China;
2. School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China |
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Abstract Crowd force by the pushing or crushing of people has resulted in a number of accidents in recent decades. The aftermath investigations have shown that the physical interaction of a highly competitive crowd could produce dangerous pressure up to 4500 N/m, which leads to compressive asphyxia or even death. In this paper, a numerical model based on discrete element method (DEM) as referenced from granular flow was proposed to model the evacuation process of a group of highly competitive people, in which the movement of people follows Newton's second law and the body deformation due to compression follows Hertz contact model. The study shows that the clogs occur periodically and flow rate fluctuates greatly if all people strive to pass through a narrow exit at high enough desired velocity. Two types of contact forces acting on people are studied. The first one, i.e., vector contact force, accounts for the movement of the people following Newton's second law. The second one, i.e., scale contact force, accounts for the physical deformation of the human body following the contact law. Simulation shows that the forces chain in crowd flow is turbulent and fragile. A few narrow zones with intense forces are observed in the force field, which is similar to the strain localization observed in granular flow. The force acting on a person could be as high as 4500 N due to force localization, which may be the root cause of compressive asphyxia of people in many crowd incidents.
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Received: 26 March 2017
Revised: 04 July 2017
Accepted manuscript online:
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PACS:
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45.70.Mg
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(Granular flow: mixing, segregation and stratification)
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05.65.+b
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(Self-organized systems)
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07.05.Tp
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(Computer modeling and simulation)
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Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71473207) and China Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (Grant No. 2682016cx082). |
Corresponding Authors:
Peng Lin
E-mail: drag76@163.com
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Cite this article:
Peng Lin(林鹏), Jian Ma(马剑), You-Ling Si(司有亮), Fan-Yu Wu(吴凡雨), Guo-Yuan Wang(王国元), Jian-Yu Wang(王建宇) A numerical study of contact force in competitive evacuation 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 104501
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