Abstract By jointly solving two-centre material equations with a nonzero external electric field and coupled-wave equations, we have numerically studied the dependence of the non-volatile holographic recording in LiNbO$_{3}$:Ce:Cu crystals on the external electric field. The dominative photovoltaic effect of the non-volatile holographic recording in doubly doped LiNbO$_{3}$ crystals is directly verified. And an external electric field that is applied in the positive direction along the $c$-axis (or a large one in the negative direction of the $c$-axis) in the recording phase and another one that is applied in the negative direction of the $c$-axis in the fixing phase are both proved to benefit strong photorefractive performances. Experimental verifications are given with a small electric field applied externally.
Received: 03 February 2005
Revised: 29 September 2005
Accepted manuscript online:
Fund: Project supported by the State Science and Technology Commission of China (Grant No 2002CCA03500) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60177016).
Cite this article:
Dai Cui-Xia (戴翠霞), Liu Li-Ren (刘立人), Liu De-An (刘德安), Zhou Yu (周煜), Chai Zhi-Fang (柴志方), Luan Zhu (栾竹) Improvement in refractive-index change in LiNbO3:Ce:Cu by applying an external electric field 2005 Chinese Physics 14 2491
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