Table of Content

19 May 2005, Volume 14 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

GENERAL

Select

A class of integrable expanding model for the coupled AKNS-Kaup-Newell soliton hierarchy　　 Yang Hong-Xiang, Xu Xi-Xiang 2005, 14 (5):  869-874.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/001 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (215KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   An isospectral problem is established by means of a sub-algebra of Loop Lie algebra ?1, from which the coupled AKNS-Kaup-Newell soliton hierarchy is derived. Subsequently, the integrable expending model i.e. integrable coupling is constructed through enlarging the corresponding Loop algebra into ?2.

Select

Homotopy perturbation method of equatorial eastern Pacific for the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation mechanism　　　　　　 Mo Jia-Qi, Lin Wan-Tao 2005, 14 (5):  875-878.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/002 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (203KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The EI Ni?o/La Ni?a and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an interannual phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific Ocean- atmosphere interactions. In this paper, the aim is to create an asymptotic solving method of nonlinear equation for the ENSO models. And based on a class of oscillator of ENSO models, employing the method of homotopic mapping, the approximation solution of corresponding problem is studied. It is proved from the results that homotopic method can be used for analyzing the sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the thermocline depth anomaly of the atmosphere-ocean oscillation for ENSO model.

Select

The third-order Lagrange equation for mechanical systems of variable mass　　 Ma Shan-Jun, Ge Wei-Guo, Huang Pei-Tian 2005, 14 (5):  879-881.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/003 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (173KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   In this paper, based on the third-order D’Alember-Lagrange principle for mechanical systems of variable mass, the third-order Lagrange’s equations of mechanical systems of variable mass have been obtained. From the equations the motion of mechanical systems of variable mass can be studied. In addition, the equations may enrich the theory of third-order differential equation.

Select

Hojman's conservation theorems for generalized　Raitzin canonical equations of motion　　　　 Qiao Yong-Fen, Li Ren-Jie, Zhao Shu-Hong 2005, 14 (5):  882-887.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/004 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (220KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Using the Lie symmetry under infinitesimal transformations in which the time is not variable, Hojman’s conservation theorems for Raitzin’s canonical equations of motion in generalized classical mechanics are studied. The generalized Raitzin’s canonical equations of motion are established. The determining equations of Lie symmetry under infinitesimal transformations are given. The Hojman’s conservation theorems of the system are established. Finally, an example is also presented to illustrate the application of the result.

Select

Discrete variational principle and the first integrals of the conservative holonomic systems in event space　　　　　 Zhang Hong-Bin, Chen Li-Qun, Liu Rong-Wan 2005, 14 (5):  888-892.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/005 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (217KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The intent of this paper is to show that first integrals of discrete equation of motion for the conservative holonomic systems can be determined explicitly by investigating the invariance properties of the discrete Lagrangian in event space. The result obtained is a discrete analogue of Noether’s theorem in the calculus variations. The two examples are given to illustrate the applications of the result.

Select

Controlled quantum teleportation and secure direct communication Gao Ting, Yan Feng-Li, Wang Zhi-Xi 2005, 14 (5):  893-897.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/006 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (209KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   We present a controlled quantum teleportation protocol. In the protocol, quantum information of an unknown state of a 2-level particle is faithfully transmitted from a sender (Alice) to a remote receiver (Bob) via an initially shared triplet of entangled particles under the control of the supervisor Charlie. The distributed entangled particles shared by Alice, Bob and Charlie function as a quantum information channel for faithful transmission. We also propose a controlled and secure direct communication scheme by means of this teleportation. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice encodes the secret message directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits them to Bob supervised by Charlie using this controlled quantum teleportation. Bob can read out the encoded message directly by the measurement on his qubit. In this scheme, the controlled quantum teleportation transmits Alice’s message without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Because there is not a transmission of the qubit carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel, it is completely secure for controlled and direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used. The feature of this scheme is that the communication between two sides depends on the agreement of the third side.

Select

Quantum logic networks for controlled teleportation of a single particle via W state　　　 Yuan Hong-Chun, Qi Kai-Guo 2005, 14 (5):  898-901.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/007 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (231KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   We discuss the scheme for probabilistic and controlled teleportation of an unknown state of one particle using the general three-particle W state as the quantum channel. The feature of this scheme is that teleportation between two sides depends on the agreement of the third side (Charlie), who may participate the process of quantum teleportation as a supervisor. In addition, we also construct efficient quantum logic networks for implementing the new scheme by means of the primitive operations.

Select

H∞ tracking control of coupled spatiotemporal chaos with parametric uncertainties based on fuzzy observers　　　　　　 Dou Chun-Xia, Zhang Shu-Qing 2005, 14 (5):  902-907.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/008 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (262KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Due to the interactions among coupled spatio-temporal subsystems and the parametric uncertainties, it is difficult to achieve the tracking control of the coupled spatio-temporal chaos with parametric uncertainties. However every subsystem of the coupled spatio-temporal chaos can be approximated by a set of fuzzy models. Considering that all states of the subsystem are not available, fuzzy observers are suggested to estimate these states. Based on these fuzzy models and observers, and the consideration of the parametric uncertainties, a newfuzzy tracking control scheme is proposed, where a linear matrix inequalities (LMI) is employed to represent the feedback controller. The parameters of the controller are obtained by using convex optimization techniques of LMI. The robust stability of the controlled system is guaranteed in this scheme. The tracking performances are tested by simulation as an example.

Select

Chaos and chaotic control in a fractional-order electronic oscillator　　　　　 Gao Xin, Yu Jue-Bang 2005, 14 (5):  908-913.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/009 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (347KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   In this paper, we study the chaotic behaviours in a fractional-order chaotic electronic oscillator . We find that chaos exists in the fractional-order electronic oscillator with an order being less than 3. In addition, we numerically simulate the continuances of the chaotic behaviours in the electronic oscillator with orders from 2.8 to 3.2. Finally, we further investigate the method of controlling a fractional-order electronic oscillator based on adaptive backstepping. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness and feasibility of this approach.

Select

A novel sliding mode nonlinear proportional-integral control scheme for controlling chaos　　　 Yu Dong-Chuan, Wu Ai-Guo, Yang Chao-Ping 2005, 14 (5):  914-921.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/010 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (366KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   A novel sliding mode nonlinear proportional-integral control (SMNPIC) scheme is proposed for driving a class of time-variant chaotic systems with uncertainty to arbitrarily desired trajectory with high accuracy. The SMNPIC differs from the previous sliding mode techniques in the sense that a nonlinear proportional-integral action of sliding function is involved in control law, so that both the steady-state error and the high-frequency chattering are reduced, and meanwhile, robustness and fastness are guaranteed. In addition, the proposed SMNPIC actually acts as a class of nonlinear proportional- integral-differential (PID) controller, in which the tracking error and its derivatives up to (n-1)th order as well as the integral of tracking error are considered, so that more useful information than traditional PID can be implemented and better dynamic and static characteristics can obtained. Its good performance for chaotic control is illustrated through a Duffing-Holmes system with uncertainty.

Select

Chaotic time series prediction using mean-field theory for support vector machine　　　　 Cui Wan-Zhao, Zhu Chang-Chun, Bao Wen-Xing, Liu Jun-Hua 2005, 14 (5):  922-929.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/011 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (478KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   This paper presents a novel method for predicting chaotic time series which is based on the support vector machines approach and it uses the mean-field theory for developing an easy and efficient learning procedure for the support vector machine. The proposed method approximates the distribution of the support vector machine parameters to a Gaussian process and uses the mean-field theory to estimate these parameters easily, and select the weights of the mixture of kernels used in the support vector machine estimation more accurately and faster than traditional quadratic programming-based algorithms. Finally, relationships between the embedding dimension and the predicting performance of this method are discussed, and the Mackey-Glass equation is applied to test this method. The stimulations show that the mean-field theory for support vector machine can predict chaotic time series accurately, and even if the embedding dimension is unknown, the predicted results are still satisfactory. This result implies that the mean-field theory for support vector machine is a good tool for studying chaotic time series.

Select

Improvement of driving safety in road traffic system　　　　 Li Ke-Ping, Gao Zi-You 2005, 14 (5):  930-934.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/012 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (340KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Road traffic system is a complex system in which human participate directly. In this system, human factors play a very important role. In this paper, a kind of control signal has been designated at a given site (i.e., signal point) of the road. Under the effect of control signal, the drivers will decrease their velocities when their vehicles pass the signal point. Our aim is to transit the traffic flow states from disorder to order, and then improve the traffic safety. We have tested this technique for the two-lane traffic model that is based on the deterministic NaSch traffic model. The simulation results indicate that the traffic flow states can be transited from disorder to order. Different order states can be observed in the system, and these states are safer.

Select

Imaging properties of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscope　　　　　 Yuan Jing-He, Xiao Fan-Rong, Wang Gui-Ying, Xu Zhi-Zhan 2005, 14 (5):  935-941.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/013 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (2407KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope with the combination of confocal and CARS techniques is a remarkable alternative for imaging chemical or biological specimens that neither fluoresce nor tolerate labeling. CARS is a nonlinear optical process, the imaging properties of CARS microscopy will be very different from the conventional confocal microscope. In this paper, the intensity distribution and the polarization property of the optical field near the focus was calculated. By using the Green function, the precise analytic solution to the wave equation of a Hertzian dipole source was obtained. We found that the intensity distributions vary considerably with the different experimental configurations and the different specimen shapes. So the conventional description of microscope (e.g. the point spread function) will fail to describe the imaging properties of CARS microscope.

NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Select

Two-source emission of relativistic alpha particles in 16O-Em interactions at 3.7 A GeV　　　　 Song Fu, Zhang Dong-Hai, Li Jun-Sheng 2005, 14 (5):  942-948.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/014 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (282KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The emission of alpha projectile fragments has been studied in 16O-emulsion interactions at 3.7 A GeV.The angular distributions of relativistic alphas cannot be explained by a clean-aut participant-spectator model.Therefore it is assumed that alphas originate from two distinct sources differing in their temperatures.

Select

I-V characteristics of foilless diodes　　　 Liu Guo－Zhi, Huang Wen－Hua, Yang Zhan－Feng 2005, 14 (5):  949-952.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/015 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (258KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Some physical characteristics of foiless diodes are obtained and analyzed by numerical simulations. Relations between diode current and configuration parameters, diode voltage and external magnetic field are investigated. Employing these relations and assuming that the external magnetic field is intense enough, the diode current can be approximately written as Ib=(7.5/x)(x+(0.81-x)/(1+0.7Ld2/δr))(r2/3-1)3/2, in which is the A-K gap, the outer radius of cathode, and the radius of drifting tube;x=ln(Rp/Rc)，δr =Rp-Rc , . This expression is comparatively accurate for with different configuration parameters and voltages, results obtained from this expression are consistent with that of numerical simulations within an error of 10%.

ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Select

Spectra of highly ionized nickel Yang Zhi-Hu, Du Shu-Bin, Zeng Xian-Tang, Su Hong, Wang You-De, Zhang Yan-Ping 2005, 14 (5):  953-958.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/016 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (230KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The spectrum of highly ionized nickel in the region 120-400 ? was studied by means of the beam-foil method. Nickel ions of 45 and 70 MeV were provided by the HI-13 tandem accelerator at China Institute of Atomic Energy. Numerous lines attributed to Ni XIII to XX transitions have been identified, and eighteen lines of them were newly measured.

Select

Relativistic calculation of dielectronic recombination for He-like krypton　　　　　 Shi Xi-Heng, Wang Yan-Sen, Chen Chong-Yang, Gu Ming-Feng 2005, 14 (5):  959-963.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/017 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (286KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Dielectronic recombination cross sections and rate coefficients of He-like Kr are calculated employing the relativistic Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) in which autoionization rates are calculated based on relativistic distorted-wave approximation and the configuration interaction is considered. The Auger and total radiative rates of some strong resonances are listed and compared with the results from MCDF and HULLAC methods. The n-3 scaling law is checked and used to extrapolate rate coefficients. We also show the variation of DR branching ratio with different DR resonances or atomic number Z. The effect of radiative cascades on DR cross sections are studied.

Select

Positron total cross sections for collisions with O2, H2O and CH4 in energy range from 30 to 3000eV Shi De-Heng, Liu Yu-Fang, Sun Jin-Feng, Zhu Zun-Lue, Yang Xiang-Dong 2005, 14 (5):  964-968.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/018 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (246KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Total (elastic plus inelastic) cross sections for the scattering of positrons by three molecules (O2, H2O and CH4) in the energy range from 30 to 3000eV are calculated using the additivity rule model at Hartree-Fock level. A complex optical model potential modified by incorporating the concept of bonded atom which takes into consideration the overlapping effect of electron clouds between two atoms in a molecule is firstly employed for the TCS calculation of positron-molecule scattering. The quantitative total cross sections are compared with those obtained in experiments and other theories wherever available, and good agreement is obtained in the energy range from 30 to 3000eV. It is shown that the additivity rule model together with the modified complex optical model potential is completely suitable for the total cross section calculations of the positron-molecule scattering.

CLASSICAL AREAS OF PHENOMENOLOGY

Select

Composite second-order performance improvement in optical fibre CATV transmission system using chirped fibre grating Ye Qing, Liu Feng, Cai Hai-Wen, Qu Rong-Hui, Fang Zu-Jie 2005, 14 (5):  969-973.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/019 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (357KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Theoretically, we analyze the dispersion compensation characteristics of the chirped fiber grating (CFG) in an optical fiber cable television (CATV) system and obtain the analytic expression of the composite second-order (CSO) distortion using the time-domain form of the field envelope wave equation. The obtained result is in good agreement with the numerical simulation result. Experimentally, we verify the result by making use of the tunable characteristics of CFG to change the dispersion compensation amount and obtain an optimal CSO performance in a 125-km fiber transmission link. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that the CSO performance can be improved by properly choosing the dispersion compensation amount for a certain fiber transmission link.

Select

Proposal of many-party controlled teleportation for multi-qubit entangled W state Huang Zhi-Ping, Li Hong -Cai 2005, 14 (5):  974-979.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/020 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (220KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   A scheme of M-party controlled teleportation for N-qubits entangled W state via (N-1) EPR pairs and one (M+2)-qubits GHZ state is proposed. We achieve the teleportation in such a way that M agents execute the Hadamard transformation, perform the measurement on their qubits and tell the outcome of measurement to receiver. Then we discuss that the receiver can not fully recover the state of the sender if one agent does not cooperate.

Select

Evolution of field entropy and entanglement in the intensity-dependent two-mode Jaynes-Cummings model　　　　 Gao Yun-Feng, Feng Jian, Wang Ji-Suo 2005, 14 (5):  980-984.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/021 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (251KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The evolution of the entanglement degree of two-mode fields and atom with the intensity-dependent coupling is investigated by using von Neumann entropy. The results for the initial fields in both coherent states and two-mode squeezed vacuum state are calculated. The influence of the field intensity on the entropy is discussed. It is found that the field and atom are in maximum entanglement but go with periodic pulse disentanglement completely under the condition of strong initial field.

Select

Resonantly enhanced continuous-wave four-wave mixing with spontaneously generated coherence in a five-state cold atomic medium Li Jia-Hua, Luo Jin-Ming, Yang Wen-Xing, Peng Ju-Cun 2005, 14 (5):  985-990.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/022 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (272KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Using Schr\"odinger-Maxwell formalism, we propose and analyze a continuous-wave four-wave mixing (FWM) scheme for the generation of coherent light in a five-state double-\Lambda atomic system with or without spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We derive the corresponding explicit analytical expressions for the generated FWM field under the steady-state condition. The influence of hyperfine sublevel and SGC effect on the amplitude of the generated FWM field is predicted in details via the derived analytical expressions. We also give a brief discussion on the experimental realization of the proposed scheme.

Select

Output-power controllable erbium-doped fibre laser via a high-birefringence fibre loop mirror with applied stress Liu Yan-Ge, Feng Xin-Huan, Li Yao, Yuan Shu-Zhong, Zhang Wei-Gang, Kai Gui-Yun, Dong Xiao-Yi 2005, 14 (5):  991-994.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/023 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (242KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   In this paper, a novel output-power controllable erbium-doped fibre laser, based on a strain-applied high-birefringence fibre loop mirror (HBFLM), was proposed and demonstrated. The reflectivity of HBFLM could be changed from about 0.8% to 100% because the fibre length and birefringence of the high-birefringence fibre (HBF) were altered via bonding a part of HBF to the centric surface of an uniform-strength cantilever beam and applying different stress at end of the beam. As a result, the laser output power could be adjusted and controlled in a dynamic range of more than 33 dB. The laser is not only a controllable and adjustable output-power laser with simple configuration and low cost, but also can be used for optimizing the output characteristics of a linear cavity laser via easily finding out the optimized reflectivity of the reflectors.

Select

Dark decay behaviours of photorefractive grating induced by two deep-trap levels in Ce:BaTiO3 Zhang Ming, Xu Ying, Hong Zhi 2005, 14 (5):  995-998.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/024 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (232KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Dark decay behaviors of photorefractive grating in Ce:BaTiO3 crystal are studied experimentally. It is observed that two deep-trap levels, i.e. Fe-ion deep level and Ce-ion deep level, both participate in the photorefractive process. A simplified two-deep model is presented based on the one-deep trap model and the shallow-deep trap model, with which we analyze quantitatively the contribution of each deep level to the whole space-electric field and thus the photorefractive grating varying with the different grating wave vectors and different writing intensities.

Select

Luminescence of transient single cavitation bubbles in non-aqueous liquids produced by the modified tube-arrest method Wu Xian-Mei, Ying Chong-Fu, Li Chao 2005, 14 (5):  999-1005.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/025 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (8183KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Large transient single bubbles of effective diameters in cm’s were generated by the modified tube-arrest method in 7 nonaqueous liquids besides water and in glycerin-water mixtures. During collapse, nearly all these bubbles gave off light emissions of various intensities, which in 6 liquids were correlated with the saturation vapor pressure and viscosity of the respective liquid. Bubbles in ethylene glycol and propylene glycol did not follow this rule, but those in the former liquid showed some unusual regularity in luminescence variation and bubbles in both liquids were particularly bright. The luminous properties of the transient single bubble are compared with those of the usual stable single bubble.

CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

Select

Internal stress and yield strength of copper films on substrates Zhang Jian-Min, Zhang Yan, Xu Ke-Wei 2005, 14 (5):  1006-1010.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/026 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (238KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Internal stress and yield strength of pure copper films on substrates were characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermal-cycle substrate curvature methods. The internal stress was of tension, and decreased with increasing working-gas (argon) pressure and increased with increasing film thickness. Tensile yield strength of copper film on steel substrate was reciprocal to the film thickness. Similarly, the compressive yield strength depended strongly on the film thickness, the thinner the film thickness, the larger the compressive yield strength.

Select

Conductance of three-terminal molecular bridge　based on tight-binding theory Wang Li-Guang, Li Yong, Yu Ding-Wen, Tagami Katsunori, Tsukada Masaru 2005, 14 (5):  1011-1014.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/027 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (257KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The quantum transmission characteristic of three-benzene ring nano-molecular bridge is investigated theoretically by using Green's function approach based on tight-binding theory with only a π orbital per carbon atom at the site. The transmission probabilities that electrons transport through the molecular bridge from one terminal to the other two terminals are obtained. The electronic current distributions inside the molecular bridge are calculated and shown in graphical analogy by the current density method based on Fisher-Lee formula at the energy points E=±0.42, ±1.06 and ±1.5, respectively, where the transmission spectra appear peaks. We find that the transmission spectra are related to the incident electronic energy and the molecular levels strongly, and the current distributions agree well with Kirchhoff quantum current momentum conservation law.

Select

Atomic-scale calculation of energies of Cu (001) twist boundaries Zhang Jian-Min, Wei Xiu-Mei, Xin Hong, Xu Ke-Wei 2005, 14 (5):  1015-1020.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/028 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (267KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Unrelaxed energies for Cu (001) twist grain boundaries (GBs) have been calculated using Modified Analytical Embedded Atom Method (MAEAM). The results show that, except zero energy at (perfect crystal), a small cusp exists at the twist angle of 36.87° corresponding to , which agrees with experimental results. For other misorientations, the GB energies keep almost constant even for a twist angle as small as 1.94°. Homogeneous expansion and that perpendicular to the GB plane result in obvious decrease of energy, especially the latter.

CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES

Select

Effects of spin-orbit interaction and magnetic field on the electron transport in quasi-1D ferromagnetic/semiconductor/ferromagnetic system　　 Li Yu-Xian, Li Bo-Zang 2005, 14 (5):  1021-1024.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/029 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (247KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Based on the transfer matrix method, we investigate the effects of Rashba spin-orbit interaction and magnetic field on the electron transport in a quasi one-dimensional FM/S/FM system, where FM and S represent the ferromagnetic metal and semiconductor, respectively. The results show that the oscillating scope of the transmission increases with the magnetic field increasing. In the antiferromagnetic alignment, the spin-up and spin-down electrons have the same contribution to the transmission even if a magnetic field is applied. In the ferromagnetic alignment, however, at certain strengths of Rashba spin-orbit interaction and of magnetic field, the transmission coefficient for spin-up electrons is bigger than that for spin-down electrons, and the sign of the spin polarization changes, which is opposite to that in the absence of the magnetic field.

Select

Effects of temperature and electron effective mass on bias-dependent tunnelling magnetoresistance Li Fei-Fei, Li Zheng-Zhong, Xiao Ming-Wen 2005, 14 (5):  1025-1031.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/030 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (301KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   In this paper, we study effects of temperature and electron effective mass within the barrier on the bias dependence and sign-change behavior of the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in ferromagnetic junctions. A significant decrease of the tunneling magnetoresistance with elevating temperature is obtained, in accordance with experiments. In addition to the height of barrier potential \left( \phi\right) discussed in our previous papers, the electron effective mass \left( m_{B}\right) within the barrier region is found to be another important factor that physically controls the sign-change behavior of the TMR. The critical voltage (V_{c}) at which TMR changes sign will increase with \phi and decrease with m_{B}, respectively.Furthermore, both the zero-bias TMR and V_{c} will decrease if temperature rises. These results are hoped to be of practical use for experimental investigations.

Select

Efficient photovoltaic cells from low band-gap fluorene-based copolymer　　　　　　　　　　　　 Tian Ren-Yu, Yang Ren-Qiang, Peng Jun-Biao, Cao Yong 2005, 14 (5):  1032-1035.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/031 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (245KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   Polymer photovoltaic cells based on low band-gap copolymer, poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl)fluorene-co-5,5’-(4,7-diselenophenyl)-2,2’-yl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole] (PFSeBT), were investigated, focusing on the effects of cathode and blend concentration on device performances. The best device, with active layer from PFSeBT: PCBM=1:2 blend and with LiF/Al as cathode, shows an open-circuit voltage of 1.00 V, a short short-circuit current density of 4.42 mA/cm2, and energy conversion efficiency of 1.67% under AM1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm2). The short-circuit current density shows the dependence of power law dependence to on the incident light intensity with the power index of 0.887. All devices show spectral response until up to 680 nm. The results indicate that PFSeBT is a potential polymer functioning as electron donor in polymer photovoltaic cells.

Select

Influence of external voltage on electronic transport properties of molecular junctions: the nonlinear transport behaviour　 Li Zong-Liang, Wang Chuan-Kui, Luo Yi, Xue Qi-Kun 2005, 14 (5):  1036-1040.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/032 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (510KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The influence of external voltage on the charge transport properties of benzene-1,4-dithiolate molecular junction has been investigated. Variations of the geometric and electronic structures for the molecule caused by the applied voltage are calculated at ab initio level. Based on the numerical results, we find that the energy shift and expansion coefficients in the end-site of the molecule for the frontier molecular orbitals show nearly linear dependence on voltage in the interesting voltage interval. The charge transport properties of the molecular junction are then studied by employing the elastic scattering Green’s function method. It is shown that the voltage has an obvious effect on the I-V characteristic of the molecular junction, particularly the shape of the conductance curves. The I-V curves are consistent with the experimental measurement quite well.

Select

Fabrication and characteristics of Ni-germanide Schottky contacts with Ge　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Han De-Dong, Liu Xiao-Yan, Kang Jin-Feng, Xia Zhi-Liang, Du Gang, Han Ru-Qi 2005, 14 (5):  1041-1043.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/033 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (239KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   In this study, Ni germanide Schottky barrier diodes on n-Ge (100) substrate were fabricated by sputtering metal Ni on Ge, followed by annealing in N2 atmosphere from 300 to 500oC in a furnace. The results of x-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the Ni germanides were formed and the diffraction line of (111) were observed in all samples. The structure of Ni germanide is orthorhombic with lattice parameters a=5.811, b=5.381, c=3.428. However, the lines (121) and (002) were observed only in the samples annealed at a temperature higher than 400oC. The influence of annealing temperature on the electrical properties of Ni germanide Schottky barrier diodes on n-Ge (100) substrate was investigated. Experimental results indicate that Schottky barrier diodes on n-Ge (100) with current-voltage (I-V) rectifier characteristics were obtained. The Ion/Ioff ratio of the Schokky diode obtained by using a 300oC annealing process is the highest. The Schottky barrier heights were evaluated by the capacitance-voltage method.

Select

Interaction of mesoscopic Josephson junction with the excited even and odd coherent states Zhan You-Bang 2005, 14 (5):  1044-1050.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/034 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (270KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The interaction of a mesoscopic Josephson junction (MJJ) with the excited even and odd coherent states is investigated. Some properties of the supercurrent in the MJJ in the presence of nonclassical light fields, such as collapse and revival phenomenon, the current--voltage step, dc component fluctuation and quantum coherence of supercurrent, are studied. It is shown that the expectation values and the fluctuation of supercurrent can exhibit dc components. It is also shown that the static supercurrent flows, dc components of the supercurrent fluctuation and correlation function of the dc supercurrent components, are related to the phase of the light field.

Select

Preisach analysis of (La0.2Nd0.8)0.67Pb0.33MnO3 Cao Xian-Sheng, Xiao Chun-Tao, Gywn Williams, Roy Roshko 2005, 14 (5):  1051-1054.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/035 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (232KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The perovskite (La0.2Nd0.8)0.67Pb0.33MnO3 (LNPMO) with a Curie temperature TC=220K has been characterized by measuring the zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) moments over wide range of temperature 2K

Select

Effects of grain size distribution on remanence and coercivity of Pr2Fe14B nanocrystalline magnet He Shu-Li, Zhang Hong-Wei, Rong Chuan-Bing, Chen Ren-Jie, Shen Bao-Gen 2005, 14 (5):  1055-1059.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/036 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (1042KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The demagnetization curves of Pr2Fe14B nanocrystalline magnets are calculated using micromagnetic finite-element method. The samples with three different distributions of grain size are simulated. The remanence enhancement does not depend on grain size distribution but on the mean diameter of grains. The influence of grain size distribution on coercivity is affected by the strength of intergrain exchange coupling.

CROSSDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Select

1373K isothermal section of phase diagram for Nb-W-Zr ternary system Li Wei, Xia Chang-Qing 2005, 14 (5):  1060-1062.  doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/14/5/037 Abstract ( 0 )   PDF (985KB) ([an error occurred while processing this directive])   The isothermal section of the Nb-W-Zr system at 1373K has been successfully measured by means of electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) on diffusion couples. This isothermal section includes two single-phase regions, "α" and (W,Nb)2Zr, and one two-phase region "α" + (W,Nb)2Zr. The maximum solid solubility of Nb in (W,Nb)2Zr is 12.23at.% Nb.