Deciphering the capacity degradation mechanism in lithium manganese oxide batteries

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/adc671

Abstract Spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn$_{2}$O$_{4}$, LMO) emerges as a promising cathode material for future stationary energy storage applications due to its high voltage, safety, cost-effectiveness, and electrochemical performance. However, LMO suffers from rapid capacity degradation caused by the Jahn-Teller effect, Mn dissolution and side reactions. The mechanism remains unclear and even contradictory across various studies, impeding the advancement of high-performance LMO and its widespread utilization. In this study, 14 Ah commercial-level LMO batteries were manufactured and assessed. The mechanism of capacity attenuation in cycle-aged cells at room temperature (RT, 25 $^\circ$C) and high temperature (HT, 55 $^\circ$C) storage cells was systematically investigated through the application of electrochemical quantitative methods. The results indicate specific capacity losses of approximately 6.26% and 2.55% for the cathodes in RT cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells, respectively, in comparison to fresh cells. These values are lower than the 12.54% and 6.99% capacity losses observed in RT cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells. While RT cycle-aging and HT storage conditions do not lead to irreversible capacity loss on the anode side. The results suggest that the primary causes of irreversible capacity degradation are not located on the cathode or anode. Nevertheless, significant polarization arises from the continuous growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), believed to be catalyzed by Mn deposited on the anode, which is considered harmful. This study elucidates that inhibiting the dissolution of Mn from the cathode, facilitating its transport in the electrolyte, promoting its deposition on the anode, and catalyzing the decomposition of the electrolyte are crucial factors for enhancing the performance of LMO batteries.

Keywords: cathode materials commercial-level lithium manganese oxide (LMO) batteries Mn deposition

Received: 05 September 2024
Revised: 25 March 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 28 March 2025

PACS:	61.50.-f	(Structure of bulk crystals)
	61.66.Fn	(Inorganic compounds)
	82.47.Aa	(Lithium-ion batteries)
	82.45.Fk	(Electrodes)

Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52074036 and 52404313) and the Beijing Institute of Technology Teli Young Fellow Program.

Corresponding Authors: Shijie Li, Wei-Li Song
E-mail: sli@ustb.edu.cn;weilis@bit.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Lin Wang(王琳), Shijie Li(李世杰), Na Li(李娜), and Wei-Li Song(宋维力) Deciphering the capacity degradation mechanism in lithium manganese oxide batteries 2025 Chin. Phys. B 34 066103

[1] Thackeray M M and Amine K 2021 Nat. Energy 6 566
[2] Huang Y, Dong Y, Li S, Lee J, Wang C, Zhu Z, Xue W, Li Y and Li J 2021 Adv. Energy Mater. 11 2000997
[3] Lin R and Ren J 2020 Renew. Energ. Sustain. Develop. 6 3
[4] Tarascon J M and Armand M 2001 Nature 414 359
[5] Thackeray M M 1997 Prog. Solid State Ch. 25 1
[6] Zhang S, Fang S, Chen J, Ni L, Deng W, Zou G, Hou H and Ji X 2023 Chem. Eng. J. 451 138511
[7] Zhang S, Chen H, Chen J, Yin S, Mei Y, Ni L, Di A, Deng W, Zou G, Hou H and Ji X 2022 J. Energy Chem. 72 379
[8] Luo X, Xing L, Vatamanu J, Chen J, Chen J, Liu M,Wang C, Xu K and Li W 2022 J. Energy Chem. 65 1
[9] Zhang S, Deng W, Momen R, Yin S, Chen J, Massoudi A, Zou G, Hou H, Deng W and Ji X 2021 J. Mater. Chem. A 9 21532
[10] Li G, Ikuta H, Uchida T and Wakihara M 1996 J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 178
[11] Zhou G, Sun X, Li Q H, Wang X, Zhang J N, Yang W, Yu X, Xiao R and Li H 2020 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11 3051
[12] Zhang B, Zhang Y, Duan J, Li X, Zeng X, Zhou K, Wang Z, Lian Z, Dong P and Zhang Y 2023 Ionics 29 43
[13] Sun X, Xiao R, Yu X and Li H 2022 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 10353
[14] Zhang X G,WuW, Zhou S S, Huang F, Xu S H, Yin L, YangWand Li H 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 056101
[15] Li P, Luo S H, Wang J, Wang X, Tian Y, Li H, Wang Q, Zhang Y and Liu X 2021 Int. J. Energ. Res. 45 21158
[16] Meng X, Bi Z, Lou P and Shang G 2022 Langmuir 38 3887
[17] Cui X, Sun J, Zhao D, Zhang J,Wang J, Dong H,Wang P, Zhang J,Wu S, Song L, Zhang N, Li C and Li S 2023 J. Energy Chem. 78 381
[18] Wang J, Islam M M and Donne S W 2021 Electrochim. Acta 386 138366
[19] Tesfamhret Y, Liu H, Chai Z, Berg E and Younesi R 2021 ChemElectroChem 8 1516
[20] Sun X, Xiao R, Yu X and Li H 2021 Langmuir 37 5252
[21] Li G, Liu J, Luo T, Xie M and Li H 2021 Int. J. Electrochem. Sc. 16 210230
[22] Tang D, Sun Y, Yang Z, Ben L, Gu L and Huang X 2014 Chem. Mater. 26 3535
[23] Zheng Z, Tang Z, Zhang Z, Shen W and Lin Y 2002 Solid State Ionics 148 317
[24] Terada Y, Nishiwaki Y, Nakai I and Nishikawa F 2001 J. Power Sources 97 420
[25] Zhan C, Wu T, Lu J and Amine K 2018 Energ. Environ. Sci. 11 243
[26] Bhandari A and Bhattacharya J 2016 J. Electrochem. Soc. 164 A106
[27] Li S, Han X, SongWL,Wang Z, Zhu Y and Jiao S 2023 Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 62 e202301985
[28] Li S, Song W L, Han X, C Q, Zhu Y and Jiao S 2024 Green Energy Environ. 9 1449
[29] Zhou G, Wang Q, Wang S, Ling S, Zheng J, Yu X and Li H 2018 J. Power Sources 384 172
[30] Beyreuther E, Thiessen A, Grafström S, Eng L M, Dekker M C and Dörr K 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 075106
[31] Ochida M, Domi Y, Doi T, Tsubouchi S, Nakagawa H, Yamanaka T, Abe T and Ogumi Z 2012 J. Electrochem. Soc. 159 A961
[32] Wang J, Zhao N and Guo X 2024 Chin. Phys. Lett. 41 078201

[1]	First principle study of LiXS₂ (X = Ga, In) as cathode materials for Li ion batteries Feng-Ya Rao(饶凤雅), Fang-Hua Ning(宁芳华), Li-Wei Jiang(蒋礼威), Xiang-Ming Zeng(曾祥明), Mu-Sheng Wu(吴木生), Bo Xu(徐波), Chu-Ying Ouyang(欧阳楚英). Chin. Phys. B, 2016, 25(2): 028202.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Metrics
Related Articles

Deciphering the capacity degradation mechanism in lithium manganese oxide batteries

Cite this article:

Online attention