Abstract This paper investigates the collective excitation and stability of low-dimensional Bose--Einstein condensates with two- and three-body interactions by the variational analysis of the time-dependent Gross--Pitaevskii--Ginzburg equation. The spectrum of the low-energy excitation and the effective potential for the width of the condensate are obtained. The results show that: (i) the repulsive two-body interaction among atoms makes the frequency red-shifted for the internal excitation and the repulsive or attractive three-body interaction always makes it blue-shifted; (ii) the region for the existence of the stable bound states is obtained by identifying the critical value of the two- and three-body interactions.
Received: 24 October 2008
Revised: 27 November 2008
Accepted manuscript online:
PACS:
03.75.Kk
(Dynamic properties of condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow)
Fund: Project supported
by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi University of Science
and
Technology, China (Grant Nos SUST-ZX08-27 and SUST-ZX07-32).
Cite this article:
Peng Ping(彭娉) and Li Guan-Qiang(李冠强) Effects of three-body interaction on collective excitation and stability of Bose--Einstein condensate 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 3221
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.