| ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS |
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Generalized likelihood ratio detector for forward scattering detection in uncertain shallow-water environments |
| Jiahui Luo(罗嘉辉)1,2, Chao Sun(孙超)1,2, Mingyang Li(李明杨)1,2,†, and Shaodong Zhang(张少东)3 |
1 School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustic and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China;
3 Marine Design and Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200011, China |
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Abstract Forward scattering detection in shallow-water environments presents many challenges, particularly the issues of environmental uncertainties and direct blast, which is an intense sound wave that propagates directly from the source to the receiver without interaction with the target. In this paper, we account for environmental uncertainties and extend the generalized likelihood ratio detector (GLRD) for forward scattering detection in a known environment to uncertain environments. In a suitable bistatic sonar configuration where the source is positioned on the broadside of a large aperture horizontal linear array (HLA), the GLRD exhibits good resistance to direct blast. Moreover, the GLRD demonstrates a certain degree of robustness against environmental uncertainties, particularly when the sampling uncertainty sets of the direct blast/signal wavefront are large enough — including both the real direct blast wavefront and the real signal wavefront. Despite facing the challenge of direct blast in forward scattering detection, the GLRD still performs well in this scenario and demonstrates its effectiveness as a method for forward scattering detection in uncertain shallow-water environments.
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Received: 01 August 2025
Revised: 22 September 2025
Accepted manuscript online: 10 October 2025
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PACS:
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43.30.+m
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(Underwater sound)
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43.20.Fn
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(Scattering of acoustic waves)
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43.30.Vh
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(Active sonar systems)
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43.60.Bf
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(Acoustic signal detection and classification, applications to control systems)
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| Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12004335). |
Corresponding Authors:
Mingyang Li,E-mail:mingyang.li@nwpu.edu.cn
E-mail: mingyang.li@nwpu.edu.cn
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Cite this article:
Jiahui Luo(罗嘉辉), Chao Sun(孙超), Mingyang Li(李明杨), and Shaodong Zhang(张少东) Generalized likelihood ratio detector for forward scattering detection in uncertain shallow-water environments 2026 Chin. Phys. B 35 054303
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