High efficient Al: ZnO based bifocus metalens in visible spectrum

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/abab70

Abstract

The optical components of the visible light band are widely used in daily life and industrial development. However due to the serious loss of light and the high cost, the application is limited. The broadband gap metasurface will change this situation due to its low absorption and high efficiency. Herein, we simulate a size-adjustable metasurface of the Al doped ZnO (AZO) nanorod arrays based on finite difference time domain method (FDTD) which can realize the conversion of amplitude polarization and phase in the full visible band. The corresponding theoretical polarization conversion efficiency can reach as high as 91.48% (450 nm), 95.27% (530 nm), and 91.01% (65 nm). The modulation of focusing wavelength can be realized by directly adjusting the height of the AZO nanorod. The designed half-wave plate and metalens can be applied in the imaging power modulation halfwave conversion and enriching the spectroscopy.

Keywords: visible spectrum Al doped ZnO half-wave plate metalens

Received: 02 April 2020
Revised: 21 June 2020
Accepted manuscript online: 01 August 2020

PACS:	42.79.-e	(Optical elements, devices, and systems)
	42.79.Bh	(Lenses, prisms and mirrors)

Corresponding Authors: ^†Corresponding author. E-mail: xhzeng@yzu.edu.cn第一通讯作者

About author:

†Corresponding author. E-mail: xhzeng@yzu.edu.cn

* Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFB0403101).

Cite this article:

Pengdi Wang(王鹏迪) and Xianghua Zeng(曾祥华)† High efficient Al: ZnO based bifocus metalens in visible spectrum 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 104211

Fig. 1.

(a) Structure of the AZO unit cell. (b) The longitudinal cross-section of the AZO unit cell with a height of H. (c) The transverse section of the AZO unit cell, where L and W represent the length and width of AZO nanorod, and I_x, I_y represent the length and width of ITO substrate. (d) Crystal axes (fast axis and low axis) coincide with E_x and E_y of the incident wave. (e) The AZO nanorod rotated by θ. (f) AZO refractive index n, k diagram.

Fig. 2.

Polarization efficiency of the three structures, the incident light with left/right circled polarization and the transmission light with right/light circled polarization.

Fig. 3.

Polarization conversion efficiency versus wavelength for different AZO plates: (a) AZO plates with different width W; (b) AZO plates with different length L; (c), (d) substrates with different length I_x and width I_y, respectively.

Fig. 4.

(a) Schematic of polarity flip. (b)–(d) The relationship between the additional phase φ of the transmission field and the θ angle for samples S1 (450 nm), S2 (530 nm), and S3 (650 nm), respectively.

Table 1.

Structure parameters of S1, S2, and S3.

Fig. 5.

Schematic of metalens designed according to PB phase method: (a) 1-D metalens, (b), (c) 2-D metalens.

Fig. 6.

The phase profiles of E_x and E_y for the three structures: (a) S1 (450 nm), (b) S2 (530 nm), (c) S3 (650 nm), where the left picture in (a)–(c) is corresponding to the one without AZO. At z = 4 μm, the retardation phase curves of E_x, E_y and their differences for (d) S1 (450 nm), (e) S2 (530 nm), (f) S3 (650 nm).

Table 2.

Phase shift of E_x and E_y for linearly polarized incident light at 450 nm, 530 nm, and 650 nm with respect to Figs. 6(d)–6(f).

Fig. 7.

The 1-D AZO metalens designed based on Fig. 3(a) with a total transverse length of 20 μm, with a circularly polarized incident light. (a)–(c) The diagram of power distribution in the x–z plane for the S1 (450 nm), S2 (530 nm), and S3 (650 nm), respectively. (d)–(f) Normalized intensity diagrams based on the three images at z = 10 μm. (g)–(i) x–z plane phase profile diagram at y = 0 μm in the x–z plane.

Fig. 8.

The intensity distribution on x–z plane of 2-D metalens: (a) S1 (450 nm), (b) S2 (530 nm), (c) S3 (650 nm), the z coordinates of two focal points are marked on the graph. (d)–(i) The x–y section of intensity distribution diagram at corresponding z values (marked in the upper right corner).

Fig. 9.

(a)–(f) The normalized intensity diagram on the x-y plane at different z values corresponding to the six focal points in Figs. 8(d)–8(i).

Fig. 10.

The x–z cross-section intensity distribution of 2D-metalens with the S3 structure of AZO nanorods by the PB phase method: (a) 60 × 60 AZO nanorods, (b) 40 × 40 AZO nanorods.

Table 3.

Focusing efficiency (FE) and NA of 2D-metalen with structures (S1, S2, S3) designed by PB phase method.

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High efficient Al: ZnO based bifocus metalens in visible spectrum

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