Abstract The nonlinear Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation(NLSE) in erbium-doped fiber(EDF) was obtained. The cross-phase modulation (XPM) in the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) was studied based on this NLSE and the rate equations. A more generalized form of the propagation equation in EDFA was obtained which included the phase shifts the EDFA induced. An analytical expression was given to the XPM in the EDFA. It was found that the XPM in the EDFA dose not change very much with the wavelength except at the neighboring wavelengths (around 1531 nm) where the absorption and emission cross-sections of the erbium ions reach their maxima, and the XPMs have opposite signs on the two sides around 1531 nm. Furthermore, it was found that the XPM increases with the increase of the length of EDF.
Received: 24 February 2000
Revised: 03 June 2000
Accepted manuscript online:
(Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers?)
Fund: Project supported by the Outstanding Young Scholar Foundation of Guangdong Province, China.
Cite this article:
Liu Ning (刘宁), Liu Song-hao (刘颂豪), Liao Chang-jun (廖常俊), Guo Qi (郭旗), Xu Wen-cheng (徐文成) THE NONLINEAR SCHR?DINGER EQUATION AND THE CROSS-PHASE MODULATION IN ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS 2000 Chinese Physics 9 753
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.
