MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Abstract Laser interferometry plays a crucial role in laser ranging for high-precision space missions such as GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) Follow-On-like missions and gravitational wave detectors. For such accuracy of modern space missions, a precise relativistic model of light propagation is required. With the post-Newtonian approximation, we utilize the Synge world function method to study the light propagation in the Earth's gravitational field, deriving the gravitational delays up to order . Then, we investigate the influences of gravitational delays in three inter-satellite laser ranging techniques, including one-way ranging, dual one-way ranging, and transponder-based ranging. By combining the parameters of Kepler orbit, the gravitational delays are expanded up to the order of ( is the orbital eccentricity). Finally, considering the GRACE Follow-On-like missions, we estimate the gravitational delays to the level of picometer. The results demonstrate some high-order gravitational and coupling effects, such as -order gravitational delays and coupling of Shapiro and beat frequency, which may be non-negligible for higher precision laser ranging in the future.
Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12247150, 12305062, 12175076, and 11925503), the Post-doctoral Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2022M721257), and the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (Grant No. 2019B030302001).
Jin-Zhuang Dong(董金壮), Wei-Sheng Huang(黄玮圣), Cheng-Gang Qin(秦成刚), Yu-Jie Tan(谈玉杰), and Cheng-Gang Shao(邵成刚) Model on picometer-level light gravitational delay in the GRACE Follow-On-like missions 2024 Chin. Phys. B 33 110401
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