Please wait a minute...
Chinese Physics B
Chin. Phys. B, 2018, Vol. 27(11): 117502    DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/27/11/117502
Special Issue: TOPICAL REVIEW — Magnetism, magnetic materials, and interdisciplinary research
TOPICAL REVIEW—Magnetism, magnetic materials, and interdisciplinary research Prev   Next  

Nanocrystalline and nanocomposite permanent magnets by melt spinning technique
Chuanbing Rong(荣传兵)1, Baogen Shen(沈保根)2
1 Electric Machine and Drive system, Research and Innovation Center, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI 48187, USA;
2 State Key Laboratory of Magnetism, Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Abstract  The melt-spinning technique offers an opportunity for tailoring magnetic properties by controlling the structures and microstructures in both single-phase and composite magnets. This review first broadly discusses the principle of cooling control, amorphization, crystallization, annealing, and consolidation of the melt-spun ribbons. The phase, microstructure, and magnetic properties of popular single-phase nanocrystalline magnets are reviewed, followed by the nanocomposite magnets consisting of magnetically hard and soft phases. The precipitation-hardened magnetic materials prepared by melt spinning are also discussed. Finally, the role of intergrain exchange coupling, thermal fluctuation, and reversible/irreversible magnetization processes are discussed and correlated to the magnetic phenomena in both single-phase and nanocomposite magnets.
Keywords:  nanocrystalline magnets      nanocomposite magnets      melt-spinning technique  
Received:  23 September 2018      Revised:  31 October 2018      Accepted manuscript online: 
PACS:  75.50.Ww (Permanent magnets)  
Fund: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51590880) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2014CB643700 and 2016YFB070090).
Corresponding Authors:  Baogen Shen     E-mail:  crong@ford.com

Cite this article: 

Chuanbing Rong(荣传兵), Baogen Shen(沈保根) Nanocrystalline and nanocomposite permanent magnets by melt spinning technique 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 117502

[1] Miroshnichenko I S and Salli I V 1959 Ind. Laboratory 25 1463
[2] Duwez P, Willens R H and Klement Jr W 1960 J. Appl. Phys. 31 1136
[3] Hirosawa S 2006 Handbook Advanced Magn. Mater. (Springer) p. 1064
[4] Tsuei C C and Duwez P 1966 J. Appl. Phys. 37 435
[5] Luborsky F E 1983 Amorphous Metallic Alloys (Butterworth and Co:London, UK)
[6] Herzer G 1989 IEEE Trans. Magn. 25 3327
[7] Yoshizawa Y and Yamauchi K 1990 Mater. Trans. JIM 31 307
[8] Croat J J, Herbst J F, Lee R W and Pinkerton F E 1984 J. Appl. Phys. 55 2078
[9] Sagawa M, Fujimura S, Togawa N, Yamamoto H and Matsuura Y 1984 J. Appl. Phys. 55 2083
[10] Stoner E C and Wohlfarth E P 1948 Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A:Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 240 599
[11] Manaf A, Zhang P Z, Ahmad I, Davies H A and Buckley R A 1993 IEEE Trans. Magn. 29 2866
[12] Schrefl T, Fidler J and Kronmuller H 1994 Phys. Rev. B 49 6100
[13] Kneller E F and Hawig R 1991 IEEE Trans. Magn. 27 3588
[14] Skomski R and Coey J M D 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15812
[15] Rong C B, Zhang H W, Chen R J, He S L and Shen B G 2006 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 302 126
[16] Kronmuller H, Fischer R, Schrefl T and Fidler J 1996 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 153 35
[17] Fischer R, Schrefl T, Kronmuller H and Fidler J 1995 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 150 329
[18] Branagan D J and McCallum R W 1995 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 146 89
[19] Marinescu M, Gabay A and Hadjipanayis G C 2007 Handbook Magn. Advanced Magn. Mater. 4
[20] Sagawa M, Hirosawa S, Yamamoto H, Fujimura S and Matsuura Y1987 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 26 785
[21] Tang Y L, Kramer M J, Dennis K W, McCallum R W and Lewis L H2003 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 267 307
[22] Zhang X F, Zhang W K, Li Y F, Liu Y L, Li Z B, Ma Q, Shi M F andLiu F 2016 Rare Met. 1
[23] Wang Z C, Davies H A and Zhou S Z 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 3769
[24] Li A H, Chiu C H, Chang H W, Chang W C and Li W 2007 J. Alloys Compd. 437 197
[25] Wu Q, Yu T, Guo S, Feng X C, Pan M X, Zhang P Y, Han B S, Ge H Land Yan A R 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 07A730
[26] Zhang W Y, Stoica M, Eckert J, Yu P and Jiang J Z 2008 Intermetallics 16 341
[27] Shen B G, Yang L Y and Guo H Q 1992 Acta Phys. Sin. 1 57(in Chinese)
[28] Gutfleisch O 2000 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 33 R157
[29] Gutfleisch O, Bollero A, Handstein A, Hinz D, Kirchner A, Yan A,Muller K H and Schultz L 2002 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 242 1277
[30] Sheng H C, Zeng X R, Hu Q and Deng F 2010 J. Rare Earths 28 282
[31] Shen B G, Yang L Y, Guo H Q and Zhao J G 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 75 6312
[32] Yang L Y, Shen B G, Zhang J X, Wo F, Ning T S, Zhao J G, Guo H Qand Zhan W S 1990 J. Less Common Met. 166 189
[33] Shen B G, Yang L Y, Guo H Q and Fu-ming Y 1992 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104 2021
[34] Yang L Y, Shen B G, Zhang J X, Zhao J G, Guo H Q and Fu-ming Y1992 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104 1191
[35] Gu B X, Zhai H R and Shen B G 1990 Phys. Rev. B 42 10648
[36] Wang C, Yan M and Zhang W Y 2006 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 306 195
[37] Shen B G, Zhang J X, Yang L Y, Wo F, Ning T S, Zhao J G, Guo H Qand Zhan W S 1991 J. Less Common Met. 167 339
[38] Gu B X, Shen B G and Zhai H R 2000 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 218 49
[39] Hirosawa S and Kanekiyo H 1996 Mater. Sci. Eng. A 217-218 367
[40] Zhang S Y, Xu H, Ni J S, Wang H L, Hou X L and Dong Y D 2007 Phys. B:Condens. Matter 393 153
[41] Gu B X, Shen B G, Methfessel S and Zhai H R 1989 Solid State Commun. 70 933
[42] Cheng Z H, Mao M X, Yang C L, Li F S, Shen B G, Zhang J X andSun J J 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 76 2981
[43] Men K, Yu D, Luo Y, Jin J, Zhang K and Li K 2016 AIP Adv. 6 025306
[44] Zhang W and Inoue A 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 1610
[45] Pawlik P and Davies H A 2003 Scr. Mater. 49 755
[46] Marinescu M, Pawlik P C, Davies H A and Chiriac H 2004 J. Optoelectronics Advanced Mater. 6 603
[47] Cui X H, Liu Z W, Zhong X C, Yu H Y and Zeng D C 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 07B508
[48] Ormerod J 2015 Magnetics Business & Technology 8
[49] Zeng X R, Sheng H C, Zou J Z and Xie S H 2010 Mater. Sci. Forum 654 1170
[50] Narayan P, Van Vuong N, Rong C B and Liu J P 2011 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 44 335002
[51] Liu J and Walmer M 2006 Handbook Advanced Magnetic Materials,Springer p. 1008
[52] Lee Y I, Huang G Y, Chang S T, Shih C W, Chang W C, Chang H Wand Chen Y J 2017 IEEE Magn. Lett. 8 1
[53] Li W, Wang H J, Lin M, Lai B, Li D and Pan W 2011 J. Magn. 16 300
[54] Saito T, Takeuchi T and Kageyama H 2004 IEEE Trans. Magn. 40 2880
[55] Yue M, Zhang J, Tian M and Liu X B 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 08B502
[56] Yue M, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Wang G and Li T 2003 IEEE Trans. Magn. 39 3551
[57] Yue M, Zhang J X, Liu W Q and Wang G P 2004 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 271 364
[58] Rong C B, Nandwana V, Poudyal N, Liu J P, Saito T, Wu Y and KramerM J 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 09K515
[59] Rao N V R, Gopalan R, Raja M M, Chandrasekaran V, ChakravartyD, Sundaresan R, Ranganathan R and Hono K 2007 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 312 252
[60] Rong C, Zhang Y, Poudyal N, Wang D, Kramer M J and Liu J P 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07A735
[61] Rong C B, Wu Y Q, Wang D, Zhang Y, Poudyal N, Kramer M J andLiu J P 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 07A717
[62] Chandramouli M, Thomas G and Nellis W J 1993 J. Appl. Phys. 73 6494
[63] Chen K H, Jin Z Q, Li J, Kennedy G, Wang Z L, Thadhani N N, ZengH, Cheng S F and Liu J P 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 96 1276
[64] Jin Z Q, Thadhani N N, McGill M, Ding Y, Wang Z L, Chen M, ZengH, Chakka V M and Liu J P 2005 J. Mater. Res. 20 599
[65] Noguchi M, Tomoshige R, Ikebe M, Kato A, Imamura K and Chiba A1999 J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 107 711
[66] Jiang Y, Liu J, Suri P K, Kennedy G, Thadhani N N, Flannigan D J andWang J P 2015 Advanced Engineering Materials
[67] Ma B M, Lee D, Smith B, Gaiffi S, Owens B, Bie H and Warren G W2001 IEEE Trans. Magn. 37 2477
[68] Mishra R K, Chu T Y and Rabenberg L K 1990 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 84 88
[69] Li L and Graham Jr C D 1990 J. Appl. Phys. 67 4756
[70] Saito T, Fujita M, Kuji T, Fukuoka K and Syono Y 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 6390
[71] Hinz D, Kirchner A, Brown D N, Ma B M and Gutfleisch O 2003 J. Mater. Process. Technol. 135 358
[72] Dirba I, Sawatzki S and Gutfleisch O 2014 J. Alloys Compd. 589 301
[73] Bauer J, Seeger M, Zern A and Kronmüller H 1996 J. Appl. Phys. 80 1667
[74] Goll D, Seeger M and Kronmuller H 1998 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 185 49
[75] Goll D and Kronmüller H 2000 Naturwissenschaften 87 423
[76] Hadjipanayis G C 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 200 373
[77] Pinkerton F E 1986 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 54 579
[78] Hadjipanayis G C, Hazelton R C and Lawless K R 1983 Appl. Phys. Lett. 43 797
[79] Zhou Q Y, Liu Z, Guo S, Yan A R and Lee D 2015 IEEE Trans. Magn. 51 1
[80] Li Z B, Shen B G, Zhang M, Hu F X and Sun J R 2015 J. Alloys Compd. 628 325
[81] Zhang M, Li Z, Shen B, Hu F and Sun J 2015 J. Alloys Compd. 651 144
[82] Hussain M, Zhao L Z, Zhang C, Jiao D L, Zhong X C and Liu Z W2016 Phys. B:Condens. Matter 483 69
[83] Buschow K H J 1997 Handbook Magn. Mater. 10 463
[84] Grössinger R, Krewenka R, Kou X C and Buschow K H J 1990 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 83 130
[85] Buschow K H J 1988 Handbook of Ferromagnetic Materials 4 1
[86] Fidler J, Suess D and Schrefl T 2007 Handbook of magnetism and advanced magnetic materials
[87] Fuerst C D, Herbst J F and Alson E A 1986 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 54 567
[88] Wecker J and Schultz L 1987 Appl. Phys. Lett. 51 697
[89] Fuerst C D and Herbst J F 1988 Appl. Phys. Lett. 52 1358
[90] Fuerst C D, Herbst J F and Pinkerton F E 1988 J. Appl. Phys. 64 5556
[91] Coehoorn R, Duchateau J and Denissen C J M 1989 J. Appl. Phys. 65 704
[92] Zhang W Y, Zhang S Y and Shen B G 2002 J. Alloys Compd. 346 269
[93] Zhang W Y, Zhang J, Zhang S Y and Shen B G 2001 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 234 284
[94] Zhang W Y, Rong C B, Zhang J, Shen B G, Du H I, Jiang J S and YangY C 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 92 7647
[95] Herbst J F, Fuerst C D, Mishra R K, Murphy C B and Van WingerdenD J 1991 J. Appl. Phys. 69 5823
[96] El-Moneim A A, Gebert A, Uhlemann M, Gutfleisch O and Schultz L2002 Corrosion Sci. 44 1857
[97] Chen Z, Okumura H, Hadjipanayis G C and Chen Q 2001 J. Alloys Compd. 327 201
[98] Liu W, Liu Y, Skomski R and Sellmyer D J 2006 Handbook of Advanced Magnetic Materials (Springer) p. 182
[99] Katter M, Wecker J, Kuhrt C, Schultz L and Grössinger R 1992 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 117 419
[100] Strnat J K 1988 Ferromagnetic Materials-a Handbook on the Properties of Magnetically Ordered Substances North-Holland Physics Publishing, pp. 131-209
[101] Takahashi M 1985 J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 49 177
[102] Ding J, McCormick P G and Street R 1995 J. Alloys Compd. 228 102
[103] Koppoju S, Chandrasekaran V and Gopalan R 2015 AIP Adv. 5 077118
[104] Yan A R, Zhang W Y, Zhang H W and Shen B G 2000 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 210 10
[105] Coehoorn R and Duchateau J 1988 Mater. Sci. Eng. 99 131
[106] Zhang W Y, Shen B G, Cheng Z H, Li L, Zhou Yi and Li J Q 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 1843
[107] Li L, Zhang W Y, Zhou Y i, Li J Q, Shen B G and Zhang J 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 2660
[108] Tung I C, Zhang H W, Yao S Y, Shih J C, Shen B G and Chin T S 1999 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 32 1587
[109] Yan A R, Zhang W Y, Zhang H W and Shen B G 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 88 2787
[110] Yan A R, Zhang W Y, Zhang H W and Shen B G 1999 Mater. Sci. Eng.:B 68 111
[111] Fukuzaki T, Iwane H, Abe K, Doi T, Tamura R and Oikawa T 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 17A760
[112] Saito H, Takahashi M and Wakiyama T 1987 IEEE Trans. Magn. 23 2725
[113] Gong W and Hadjipanayis G C 1996 IEEE Trans. Magn. 32 4392
[114] Fuerst C D, Herbst J F, Murphy C B and Van Wingerden D J 1993 J. Appl. Phys. 74 4651
[115] Du Z, Wang D and Zhang W 1999 J. Alloys Compd. 284 206
[116] Zhang W Y, Skomski R, Li X Z, Valloppilly S, Shield J and SellmyerD J 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 17A731
[117] Fuerst C D and Brewer E G 1993 J. Appl. Phys. 74 6907
[118] Fuerst C D and Brewer E G 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 75 6637
[119] Yu H C, Li J Q, Bei Y Q, Zhou Y Q, Zhang J, Zhang W Y and Shen BG 2004 J. Electron. Microscopy 53 37
[120] Saito H, Takahashi M, Wakiyama T, Kido G and Nakagawa H 1989 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 82 322
[121] Lefevre A, Cataldo L, Cohen-Adad M T and Mentzen B F 1997 J. Alloys Compd. 255 161
[122] Yang J, Mao O and Altounian Z 1996 IEEE Trans. Magn. 32 4380
[123] Guo Z H, Chang H W, Chang C W, Hsieh C C, Sun A C, Chang W C,Pan W and Li W 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 07A731
[124] Hsieh C C, Chang H W, Guo Z H, Chang C W, Zhao X G and ChangW C 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 09A738
[125] Hsieh C C, Shih C W, Liu Z, Chang W C, Chang H W, Sun A C andShaw C C 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 07E306
[126] Feng D Y, Liu Z W, Zheng Z G, Zeng D C and Zhang G Q 2013 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 347 18
[127] Du X B, Zhang H W, Rong C B, Zhang J, Zhang S Y, Shen B G, YanY and Jin H M 2003 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 36 2432
[128] Rong C B, Zhang H W, Du X B, Zhang J, Zhang S Y and Shen B G2004 J. Rare Earths 22 161
[129] Hsiao A, Aich S, Lewis L H and Shield J E 2004 IEEE Trans. Magn. 40 2913
[130] Li L and Xie W 2011 Journal of Metallurgy
[131] Makridis S S, Litsardakis G, Panagiotopoulos I, Niarchos D, Zhang Yand Hadjipanayis G C 2002 IEEE Trans. Magn. 38 2922
[132] Kim D H and Hadjipanayis G C 1998 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 190 240
[133] Zhang J, Wang F, Rong C B, Zhang H W, Zhang S Y and Shen B G2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 9170
[134] Zhang J, Shen B G, Zhang S Y, Wang Y Q and Duan X F 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 1418
[135] Kostogorova J and Shield J E 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 08B514
[136] Yan A R, Zhang W Y, Zhang H W and Shen B G 2000 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 76 169
[137] Yan A R, Sun Z G, Zhang W Y, Zhang H W and Shen B G 2000 Appl. Phys. A 71 311
[138] Chen C H, Kodat S, Walmer M H, Cheng S F, Willard M A and HarrisV G 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 7966
[139] Yan A, Bollero A, Müller K H and Gutfleisch O 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 8825
[140] Crabbe M W, Davies H A and Buckley R A 1994 IEEE Trans. Magn. 30 696
[141] Coey J M D and Sun H 1990 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 87 L251
[142] Pinkerton F E and Fuerst C D 1992 Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 2558
[143] Katter M, Wecker J and Schultz L 1991 J. Appl. Phys. 70 3188
[144] Moukarika A, Papaefthymiou V, Bakas T, Psycharis V and Niarchos D1996 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 163 109
[145] Shield J E, Branagan D J, Li C P and McCallum R W 1998 Faculty Publications from Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience 46
[146] Omatsuzawa R, Murashige K and Iriyama T 2004 Trans. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 4 113
[147] Cao L, Kong L S and Shen B G 1992 J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 4 L515
[148] Kong L S, Cao L and Shen B G 1993 J. Alloys Compd. 191 301
[149] Cao L, Kong L S and Shen B G 1993 J. Appl. Phys. 73 5887
[150] Li F, Sun J, Xue D, Zhang X, Ge S, Zhang Y, Mao M, Shen B, Kong Land Cao L 1993 J. Appl. Phys. 73 5893
[151] Cao L, Kong L S and Shen B G 1993 J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 5 2001
[152] Kong L S, Shen B G, Cao L, Gong H Y and Chen Y L 1993 J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 5 2415
[153] Gong H Y, Shen B G, Kong L S, Cao L, Zhan W S, Cheng Z H andWang F W 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 76 6711
[154] Shen B G, Kong L S, Cao L, Gong H Y, Wang F W, Cheng Z H andZhao J G 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 76 6714
[155] Shen B G, Cao L, Guo H Q, Zhang J X, Kong L S, Gong H Y andCheng Z H 1995 J. Alloys Compd. 222 123
[156] Kong L S, Shen B G, Cao L, Wang F W, Zhao J G, Zhang Z, Gong HY and Chen Y L 1993 Acta Phys. Sin. 42 1696(in Chinese)
[157] Shen B G, Kong L S, Cao L, Gong H Y, Wang F W, Zhan W S, Guo HQ and Zhao J G 1993 Acta Phys. Sin. 42 1998(in Chinese)
[158] Shen B G, Wang F W, Kong L S and Cao L 1993 J. Phys.:Condens.Matter 5 L685
[159] Shen B G, Kong L S, Wang F W and Cao L 1993 Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 2288
[160] Shen B G, Wang F W, Kong L S, Cao L and Zhan W S 1994 J. Appl.Phys. 75 6253
[161] Cheng Z H, Shen B G, Zhang J X, Gong H Y and Zhao J G 1994 J.Phys.:Condens. Matter 6 L185
[162] Shen B G, Zhang H W, Zhang S Y and Cheng Z H 1999 AdvancedMater. 11 1110
[163] Shen B G, Liang B, Wang F W, Cheng Z H, Gong H Y, Guo H Q, ZhaoJ G and Zhang Z Y 1995 Solid State Commun. 95 547
[164] Shen B G, Gong H Y, Cheng Z H, Wang F W, Liang B, Kong L S, GuoH Q, Zhan W S and Zhao J G 1995 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 151 111
[165] Cheng Z H, Shen B G, Wang F W, Zhang J X, Gong H Y and Zhan WS 1995 J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 7 3195
[166] Zhang S Y, Zhang H W, Shen B G and Chin T S 1998 J. Phys. D:Appl.Phys. 31 3337
[167] Zhang H W, Zhang W Y, Sun Z G, Yan A R and Shen B G 2001 Mater.Sci. Eng.:A 304 965
[168] Shen B G, Wang F W, Cheng Z H, Gong H Y, Liang B and Zhang J X1995 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140 975
[169] Yan Q W, Zhang P L, Sun X D, Shen B G, Wang F W, Kong L S, GouC, Chen D F and Cheng Y F 1994 J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 6 3567
[170] Wang F W, Kong L S, Cao L, Hu M, Shen B G and Zhao J G 1994 J.Appl. Phys. 75 7111
[171] Shen B G, Wang F W, Kong L S, Cao L, Zhang B and Zhao J G 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 75 6259
[172] Cheng Z H, Mao M X, Sun J J, Shen B G, Wang F W, Yang C L, ZhangY D and Li F S 1995 J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 7 2303
[173] Shen B G, Gong H Y, Cheng Z H, Kong L S, Wang F W, Liang B,Zhang J X, Guo H Q and Zhao J G 1996 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 153 332
[174] Zhang S Y, Sun Z G, Zhang H W, Han B S, Shen B G, De Boer F Rand Buschow K H J 1999 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 32 2990
[175] Zhang S Y, Sun Z G, Zhang H W, Han B S, Shen B G, De Boer F Rand Buschow K H J 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 546
[176] Ahmad Z, Tao S, Ma T, Zhao G and Yan M 2011 J. Alloys Compd. 509 8952
[177] Zhang H W, Zhang S Y, Shen B G and Zhang L G 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 4838
[178] Wang Y, Hadjipanayis G C, Kim A, Liu N C and Sellmyer D J 1990 J.Appl. Phys. 67 4954
[179] Okada M, Kojima A, Yamagishi K and Homma M 1990 IEEE Trans.Magn. 26 1376
[180] Sugimoto S, Kojima A, Okada M and Homma M 1991 Mater. Trans.JIM 32 1180
[181] Tang Z X, Singleton E W and Hadjipanayis G C 1993 J. Appl. Phys. 73 6254
[182] Yang J and Yang Y 2006 Journal of alloys and compounds (Springer)p. 1414
[183] Hadjipanayis G C, Zheng Y H, Murthy A S, Gong W and Yang F M1995 J. Alloys Compd. 222 49
[184] Chen Z, Teo G, Brown D and Miller D 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 07E128
[185] Rani R, Hegde H, Navarathna A, Chen K and Cadieu F J 1992 IEEETrans. Magn. 28 2835
[186] Saito T 2008 Mater. Trans. 49 1446
[187] Saito T, Miyoshi H and Nishio-Hamane D 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 07E322
[188] Guo X, Chen X, Altounian Z and Ström-Olsen J O 1992 Phys. Rev. B 46 14578
[189] Saha S, Obermyer R T, Zande B J, Chandhok V K, Simizu S, Sankar SG and Horton J A 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 8525
[190] Yang J B, Yang Y B, Chen X G, Ma X B, Han J Z, Yang Y C, Guo S,Yan A R, Huang Q Z, Wu M M and Chen D F 2011 Appl. Phys. Letter 99 082505
[191] Cui J, Choi J P, Li G, Polikarpov E, Darsell J, Overman N, OlsztaM, Schreiber D, Bowden M and Droubay T 2014 J. Phys.:Condens.Matter 26 064212
[192] Kharel P, Shah V R, Li X Z, Zhang W Y, Skomski R, Shield J E andSellmyer D J 2013 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 46 095003
[193] Balamurugan B, Das B, Zhang W Y, Skomski R and Sellmyer D J 2014 J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 26 064204
[194] Zhang W Y, Li X Z, Valloppilly S, Skomski R, Shield J E and SellmyerD J 2013 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 46 135004
[195] McGuire M A, Rios O, Ghimire N J and Koehler M 2012 Appl. Phys.Lett. 101 202401
[196] Zhang W, Ma D, Li Y, Yubuta K, Liang X and Peng D 2014 J. AlloysCompd. 615 S252
[197] Liu Z W, Chen C, Zheng Z G, Tan B H and Ramanujan R V 2012 J.Mater. Sci. 47 2333
[198] Löwe K, Dürrschnabel M, Molina-Luna L, Madugundo R, Frincu B, Kleebe H J, Gutfleisch O and Hadjipanayis G C 2016 J. Magn. Magn.Mater. 407 230
[199] Coehoorn R, De Mooij D B, Duchateau J and Buschow K H J 1988 LeJournal De Physique Colloques 49 C8
[200] Coehoorn R, de Mooij D B and de Waard C 1989 J. Magn. Magn.Mater. 80 101
[201] Coehoorn R and De Waard C 1990 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 83 228
[202] Shen B G, Zhang J X, Yang L, Wo F, Ning T S, Ji S Q, Zhao J G, GuoH Q and Zhan W S 1990 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 89 195
[203] Shen B G, Yang L Y, Zhang J X, Gu B X, Tai-shan N, Wo F, Zhao J G,Guo Hui q and Wen-shan Z 1990 Solid State Commun. 74 893
[204] Shen B G, Yang L, Zhang J X, Wo F, Ning T S, Zhao J G, Guo H Qand Zhan W s 1991 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 96 335
[205] Bader S D 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 1
[206] Kim H T, Kim Y B and Park W S 2002 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 239 430
[207] Cheng Z H, Shen B G, Mao M X, Sun J J and Li F S 1995 Phys. Rev.B 52 9427
[208] Kanekiyo H and Hirosawa S 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 6265
[209] Xiao Q F, Zhao T, Zhang Z D, Brück E, Buschow K H J and de Boer F R 2001 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 223 215
[210] Yang C J, Park E B, Hwang Y S and Kim E C 2000 J. Magn. Magn.Mater. 212 168
[211] Kanekiyo H, Uehara M and Hirosawa S 1993 IEEE Trans. Magn. 29 2863
[212] Ping D H, Hono K, Kanekiyo H and Hirosawa S 1999 Acta Mater. 47 4641
[213] Rajasekhar M, Akhtar D, Ram S, Ghoshray A and Bandyopadhyay B2008 AIP Conf. Proc. 1003 52
[214] Cheng Z H, Shen B G, Wang F W, Cao L, Zhao J G, Zhan W S, MaoM X, Sun J J and Li F S 1995 Phys. Rev. B 51 12433
[215] Davies H A, Manaf A, Leonowicz M, Zhang P Z, Dobson S J andBuckley R A 1993 Nanostructured Mater. 2 197
[216] Manaf A, Buckley R A and Davies H A 1993 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 128 302
[217] Betancourt R J I and Davies H A 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 85 5911
[218] Zhang W Y, Zhang S Y, Yan A R, Zhang H W and Shen B G 2001 J.Magn. Magn. Mater. 225 389
[219] Wang Z, Zhang M, Li F, Zhou S, Wang R and Gong W 1997 J. Appl.Phys. 81 5097
[220] Chang W C, Chiou D Y, Wu S H, Ma B M and Bounds C O 1998 Appl.Phys. Lett. 72 121
[221] Chang W C, Chang J K, Chang H W and Chen S K 2003 Phys. B:Condens. Matter 327 296
[222] Chen Z, Wu Y Q, Kramer M J, Smith B R, Ma B M and Huang M Q2004 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 268 105
[223] Zhang W Y, Kharel P, Al-Omari I A, Shield J E and Sellmyer D J 2016 Philos. Mag. 96 2800
[224] Zhang P Y, Hiergeist R, Albrecht M, Braun K F, Sievers S, Lüdke J and Ge H L 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 106 073904
[225] Zeng X R, Sheng H C, Deng F and Liu J 2009 Phys. B:Condens. Matter 404 3739
[226] Hashino H, Tazaki Y, Ino H, Ohkubo T and Hono K 2004 J. Magn.Magn. Mater. 278 68
[227] Liu J F and Davies H A 1996 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 157 29
[228] Ji Q G, Gu B X and Du Y W 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 88 7230
[229] Ma Y L, Shen Q, Liu X B, Qiu Y, Li C H, Zhou A R, Sun J C and ChenD M 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 17A704
[230] Van Nguyen V, Rong C, Ding Y and Liu J P 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 07A731
[231] Nguyen X T, Vu H K, Do H M, Nguyen V K and Nguyen V V 2013 Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013
[232] Mendoza-Suarez G and Davies H A 1998 J. Alloys Compd. 281 17
[233] Wang Z, Zhou S, Zhang M and Qiao Y 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 88 591
[234] Chen Z, Okumura H, Hadjipanayis G C and Chen Q 2001 J. Appl.Phys. 89 2299
[235] Zhang W Y, Yan A R, Zhang H W and Shen B G 2001 J. Alloys Compd. 315 174
[236] Chang H W, Chiu C H, Chang C W, Chen C H, Chang W C, Yao Y Dand Sun A C 2006 J. Alloys Compd. 407 53
[237] Yang B, Shen B G, Zhao T Y and Sun J R 2007 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 145 11
[238] Yang B, Shen B G, Zhao T Y and Sun J R 2008 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 320 2406
[239] Zhang W Y, Zhang J, Cheng Z H, Zhang S Y and Shen B G 2001 J.Phys.:Condens. Matter 13 3859
[240] Mendoza-Suarez G, Davies H A and Escalante-Garcıa J I 2000 J.Magn. Magn. Mater. 218 97
[241] Cheng Z H, Zhang J X, Guo H Q, Van Lier J, Kronmüller H and ShenB G 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 1110
[242] Cheng Z H, Kronmüller H and Shen B G 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 1586
[243] Zhang H W, Zhang S Y, Shen B G and Lin C 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 85 4660
[244] Zhang X Y, Zhang J W and Wang W K 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 89 477
[245] Liu J F and Walmer M H 2005 IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 52 899
[246] Liu J F, Chui T, Dimitrov D and Hadjipanayis G C 1998 Appl. Phys.Lett. 73 3007
[247] Liu S, Yang J, Doyle G, Potts G and Kuhl G E 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 87 6728
[248] Liu S S 2006 Handbook of Advanced Magnetic Materials (Springer)p. 1329
[249] Goll D, Kleinschroth I, Sigle W and Kronmüller H 2000 Appl. Phys.Lett. 76 1054
[250] Yan A, Bollero A, Müller K H and Gutfleisch O 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 1243
[251] Yan A, Gutfleisch O, Gemming T and Müller K H 2003 Appl. Phys.Lett. 83 2208
[252] Rong C B, Zhang H W, Zhang J, Du X B, Zhang S Y and Shen B G2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 033907
[253] Rong C B, He S L, Chen R J, Zhang H W and Shen B G 2005 Chin.Phys. B 14 2122
[254] Rong C B, Zhang H W, He S L, Chen R J and Shen B G 2005 Appl.Phys. Lett. 86 122506
[255] Rong C B, Zhang H W, Chen R J, Shen B G, He S L and Liu J P 2006 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 39 437
[256] Rong C, Zhang Y, Poudyal N, Xiong X, Kramer M J and Liu J P 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 102513
[257] Rong C, Zhang Y, Poudyal N, Szlufarska I, Hebert R J, Kramer M Jand Liu J P 2011 J. Mater. Sci. 46 6065
[258] Zhang H W, Zhao T Y, Rong C B, Zhang S Y, Han B S and Shen B G2003 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 267 224
[259] Zhao G P, Ong C K, Feng Y P, Lim H S and Ding J 1999 J. Magn.Magn. Mater. 192 543
[260] Schrefl T, Fidler J and Kronmüller H 1994 Phys. Rev. B 49 6100
[261] Rong C B, Zhang H W, Chen R J, He S L, Zhang S Y and Shen B G2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 4353(in Chinese)
[262] Zhang H W, Rong C B, Du X B, Zhang J, Zhang S Y and Shen B G2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 4098
[263] Rong C B, Nandwana V, Poudyal N, Liu J P, Kozlov M E, BaughmanR H, Ding Y and Wang Z L 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 102 023908
[264] Rong C B, Li D, Nandwana V, Poudyal N, Ding Y, Wang Z L, Zeng Hand Liu J P 2006 Advanced Mater. 18 2984
[265] Rong C B, Liu Y and Liu J P 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 042508
[266] Rong C B and Liu J P 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 07A714
[267] Rong C B and Liu J P 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 172510
[268] Zheng B, Zhang H W, Zhao S F, Chen J L and Wu G H 2008 Appl.Phys. Lett. 93 182503
[269] Li Z B, Shen B G and Sun J R 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 113 013902
[270] Pike C R, Roberts A P and Verosub K L 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 85 6660
[271] Roberts A P, Pike C R and Verosub K L 2000 J. Geophys. Res.:SolidEarth 105 28461
[272] Rong C B, Zhang Y, Kramer M J and Liu J 2011 Phys. Lett. A 375 1329
[273] Rodewald W 2007 Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced MagneticMaterials
[274] Zhang H W, Rong C B, Zhang J, Zhang S Y and Shen B G 2002 Phys.Rev. B 66 184436
[275] Rong C B, Zhang J, Du X B, Zhang H W, Zhang S Y and Shen B G2004 Chin. Phys. B 13 1144
[276] Rong C B, Zhang J, Zhang H W, Du X B, Zhang S Y and Shen B G2004 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 279 143
[277] Rong C B, Chen R J, Zhang H W, Jian Z, Zhang S Y and Shen B G2004 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 37 3285
[278] Kronmüller H, Durst K D and Martinek G 1987 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 69 149
[279] Martinek G and Kronmüller H 1990 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 86 177
[280] Kronmüller H 1987 Phys. Status Solidi (b) 144 385
[281] Kronmuller H, Durst K D and Sagawa M 1988 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 74 291
[282] Zhang H W, Sun Z G, Zhang S Y, Han B S, Shen B G, Tung I C andChin T S 1999 Phys. Rev. B 60 64
[283] Zhang H W, Li B H, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang S Y and Shen B G 2000 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 33 3022
[284] Cammarano R, McCormick P G and Street R 1996 J. Phys. D:Appl.Phys. 29 2327
[285] Li Z B, Zhang M, Wang L C, Shen B G, Zhang X F, Li Y F, Hu F Xand Sun J R 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 052406
[286] Crew D C, McCormick P G and Street R 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 86 3278
[287] Crew D C, McCormick P G and Street R 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 591
[288] Crew D C, Woodward R C and Street R 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 85 5675
[289] Rong C B, Zhang H W, Shen B G and Liu J P 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 042504
[290] Rong C B, Zhang H W, Chen R J, Shen B G and He S L 2006 J. Appl.Phys. 100 123913
[291] Lee D, Hilton J S, Liu S, Zhang Y, Hadjipanayis G C and Chen C H2003 IEEE Trans. Magn. 39 2947
[1] Micromagnetism simulation on effects of soft phase size on Nd2Fe14B/α–Fe nanocomposite magnet with soft phase imbedded in hard phase
Yu-Qing Li(李玉卿), Ming Yue(岳明), Yi Peng(彭懿), Hong-Guo Zhang(张红国). Chin. Phys. B, 2018, 27(8): 087502.
[2] The magnetization reversal behaviour for SmCo6.8Zr0.2 and SmCo6.8Zr0.2/$\alpha$ -(Fe,Co) nanocrystalline magnets at low temperature
Liu Zhuang(刘壮), Chen Ren-Jie(陈仁杰), Li Dong(李东), and Yan Ar-Ru(闫阿儒). Chin. Phys. B, 2010, 19(6): 067504.
[3] Effects of grain size distribution on remanence and coercivity of Pr2Fe14B nanocrystalline magnet
He Shu-Li (贺淑莉), Zhang Hong-Wei (张宏伟), Rong Chuan-Bing (荣传兵), Chen Ren-Jie (陈仁杰), Shen Bao-Gen (沈保根). Chin. Phys. B, 2005, 14(5): 1055-1059.
[4] Magnetization and demagnetization behaviours of melt-spun Pr12Fe82B6 and Pr8Fe87B5 ribbons
Du Xiao-Bo (杜晓波), Zhang Hong-Wei (张宏伟), Rong Chuan-Bing (荣传兵), Zhang Jian (张健), Zhang Shao-Ying (张绍英), Shen Bao-Gen (沈保根), Yan Yu (闫羽), Jin Han-Min (金汉民). Chin. Phys. B, 2004, 13(4): 552-555.
[5] CALCULATION OF DEMAGNETIZATION CURVES OF NANOCOMPOSITE Pr2Fe14B/$\alpha$－Fe MAGNETS USING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL
Li Bao-he (李宝河), Zhang Hong-wei (张宏伟), Zhang Jian (张健), Wang Yun (王云), Zhang Shao-ying (张绍英). Chin. Phys. B, 2001, 10(11): 1054-1057.
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Authors
  • Submit an article
  • Manuscript tracking
  • Call for papers
  • Scope
  • Instruction for authors
  • Copyright agreement
  • Templates
  • PACS
  • Flow chart
  • Author FAQs
    • Referees
  • Review policy
  • Referee login
  • Referee FAQs
  • Editor in chief login
  • Editor login
  • Office login
    • Browse
  • In press
  • Current issue
  • Previous issues
  • Special topics
  • Author index
  • Highlights
  • Annual highlights
  • View by fields
  • Top downloaded
  • SCI top cited
    • About
  • About CPB
  • Editorial board
  • Editorial Board of Young Scientists
  • SCI IF
  • Staff
  • Contact us
    • Copyright © Editorial Office of Chinese Physics B, All Rights Reserved.
    • Tel: 010-82649026   Fax: 010-82649027   E-mail: cpb@aphy.iphy.ac.cn
    • Sponsored by Institute of Physics, CAS & Chinese Physical Society
      Collaborating with IOP Publishing, UK in distribution