Abstract Nonlinear refractive properties of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (CAP) in ethanol solution are studied using the Z-scan technique with picosecond (ps) and nanosecond (ns) laser pulses at a wavelength of 532 nm. A transition from self-focusing to self-defocusing in CAP solution excited by 10 ns pulses is observed during the decrease of its concentration. This transition is due to co-existing excited-state refraction and transient thermal lensing effects. The experimental results are described very well using the rate-equation model and the theory of transient thermal refraction in liquids. The refractive cross sections of the excited-state are also obtained.
Received: 12 August 2008
Revised: 02 December 2008
Accepted manuscript online:
PACS:
42.65.Jx
(Beam trapping, self-focusing and defocusing; self-phase modulation)
Fund: Project supported
by the National Natural Science Fundation of China (Grant No
10104007), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in
University, China (Grant No NCET-04-0333), and the Excellent
Youth Fund of Heilongjiang Province, China (Grant No JC-04-04).
Cite this article:
Yang Jun-Yi(杨俊义), Song Ying-Lin(宋瑛林), and Gu Ji-Hua(顾济华) Concentration dependent nonlinear refraction in chloroaluminum phthalocyanine/ethanol solution 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 2828
Altmetric calculates a score based on the online attention an article receives. Each coloured thread in the circle represents a different type of online attention. The number in the centre is the Altmetric score. Social media and mainstream news media are the main sources that calculate the score. Reference managers such as Mendeley are also tracked but do not contribute to the score. Older articles often score higher because they have had more time to get noticed. To account for this, Altmetric has included the context data for other articles of a similar age.