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2025年, 第34卷, 第6期　刊出日期：2025-05-16 上一期    下一期

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Bulk modulus of molecular crystals Xudong Jiang(江旭东), Yajie Wang(汪雅洁), Kuo Li(李阔), and Haiyan Zheng(郑海燕) 2025 (6):  66201-066201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adca1a 摘要 ( 250 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(780KB) ( 128 )   Bulk modulus is a constant that measures the incompressibility of materials, which can be obtained in high pressure experiment by fitting the equations of state (EOS), like third-order Birch-Murnaghan EOS (BM EOS) and Vinet EOS. Bulk modulus reflects the intermolecular interaction inside molecular crystals, making it useful for researchers to design novel high pressure materials. This review systematically examines bulk moduli of various molecular crystals, including rare-gas solids, di-atom and triplet-atom molecules, saturated organic molecules, and aromatic organic crystals. Comparisons with ionic crystals are presented, along with an analysis of connections between bulk modulus and crystal structures. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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High-pressure synthesis of an oxynitride perovskite CeNbO2N with Nb4+ charge state Shengjie Liu(刘胜杰), Xubin Ye(叶旭斌), Zhao Pan(潘昭), Jie Zhang(张杰), Shuai Tang(唐帅), Guangkai Zhang(张广凯), Maocai Pi(皮茂材), Zhiwei Hu(胡志伟), Chien-Te Chen(陈建德), Ting-Shan Chan(詹丁山), Cheng Dong(董成), Tian Cui(崔田), Yanping Huang(黄艳萍), Zhenhua Chi(迟振华), Yao Shen(沈瑶), and Youwen Long(龙有文) 2025 (6):  66202-066202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc668 摘要 ( 189 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2696KB) ( 78 )   Perovskite oxynitrides $AB$(N,O)$_{3}$, a crucial class in materials science, have attracted much attention. By precisely controlling $A$- and $B$-site ions and tuning the N/O ratio, new materials with exotic charge states and intriguing electronic behaviors can be designed and synthesized. In this work, a novel oxynitride perovskite, CeNbO$_{2}$N, was prepared under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic perovskite structure in Pnma symmetry with disordered N/O distribution. The x-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms the presence of a Nb$^{4+}$ state with 4d$^{1}$ electronic configuration in CeNbO$_{2}$N. As a result, the resistivity of CeNbO$_{2}$N is sharply reduced compared to its counterpart CeTa$^{5+}$ON$_{2}$ and other Nb$^{5+}$ compounds. No long-range spin order is found to occur with the temperature down to 2 K in CeNbO$_{2}$N, while a remarkable negative magnetoresistance effect shows up at lower temperatures, probably due to the magnetic scattering arising from short-range spin correlations. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Iron nitrides: High-pressure synthesis, nitrogen disordering and local magnetic moment Yu Tao(陶雨) and Li Lei(雷力) 2025 (6):  68301-068301.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adca1c 摘要 ( 247 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1448KB) ( 88 )   Iron nitride (Fe$_{x}$N$_{y}$) is a promising candidate for the next generation of ferromagnetic materials. However, synthesizing high-quality bulk iron nitride with tuned structure and magnetic properties remains a challenge. Currently, experimental and theoretical results regarding the magnetic property of iron nitrides remain controversial. With the recent advancements in high-pressure technology, new synthetic pathways to iron nitrides have been proposed. High-pressure synthesis technology provides multidimensional possibilities for tuning the structure and magnetic properties of iron nitrides. This review summarizes recent progress in high-pressure synthesis of iron nitrides, especially the high-pressure solid-state metathesis reaction synthesis (HSM). We have summarized the reaction characteristics of HSM. The HSM reaction exhibits vector synthesis characteristics and promotes nitrogen disorder diffusion at high temperature. Due to this, the HSM reaction can achieve the synthesis of multinary iron-based metal nitrides and regulate the local magnetic moments. It serves as a powerful means for tuning the structure and magnetic properties of iron nitrides. Taking advantage of neutron diffraction in characterizing local magnetic moment and nitrogen disorder in iron nitrides, the relationship between iron local magnetic moment and nitrogen content has been elucidated. Moreover, the development of high-pressure in-situ imaging technology based on large-volume press allows the real-time observation of HSM reaction process. In this review, we also report our latest experiments on neutron diffraction and high-pressure in-situ image for the study of iron nitrides. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Layer-dependent structural stability and electronic properties of CrPS4 under high pressure Jian Zhu(朱健), Dengman Feng(冯登满), Liangyu Wang(王亮予), Liang Li(李亮), Fangfei Li(李芳菲), Qiang Zhou(周强), and Yalan Yan(闫雅兰) 2025 (6):  66102-066102.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc65f 摘要 ( 220 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(2383KB) ( 131 )   Interlayer coupling plays an important role in determining the lattice vibrations and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. By applying pressure, the interlayer coupling in 2D materials can be effectively modified, thereby tuning their physical properties. In this study, we systematically investigated the crystal structure and electronic structure of bulk and ultrathin CrPS$_{4}$ by combining in situ high-pressure Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy measurements. The results of high-pressure Raman spectroscopy indicate that, with an increase in layer number, the pressure at which the A$_{2}$ and B$_{3}$ Raman peaks merge into a single peak increases, meanwhile, a delay in fluorescence quenching is observed. These can be attributed to the much harder structural distortion or even phase transitions, and the electronic phase transition of CrPS$_{4}$ with stronger interlayer coupling in thicker layer. The current structural and optical investigation under pressure will provide a firm basis for future studies and applications of atomically thin magnetic semiconductors, which hold potential for the development of strain-sensitive and optical-sensing devices. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Morphology-tuned phase transition of MnO2 nanorods under high pressure Xue-Ting Zhang(张雪婷), Chen-Yi Li(李晨一), Hui Tian(田辉), Xin-Yue Wang(王心悦), Zong-Lun Li(李宗伦), and Quan-Jun Li(李全军) 2025 (6):  66105-066105.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc192 摘要 ( 176 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2025KB) ( 76 )   The structural phase transition of MnO$_{2}$ nanorods was investigated using in situ high pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At pressures exceeding 10.9 GPa, a second-order structural phase transition from tetragonal to orthogonal, which was accompanied by fine-scale crystal twinning phenomena, was observed in MnO$_{2}$ nanorods. On account of the significant contribution of surface energy, the phase transition pressure exhibited appreciable hysteresis compared with the bulk counterparts, suggesting the enhanced structural stability of nanorod morphology. These findings reveal that the size and morphology exhibit a manifest correlation with the high pressure behavior of MnO$_{2}$ nanomaterials, providing useful insights into the intricate interplay between structure and properties. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Measurement of the eutectic point of Fe-C alloy under 5 Gpa Ting Zhang(张亭), Xiuyan Wei(魏秀艳), Zuguang Hu(胡祖光), Jianyun Yang(杨建云), Duanwei He(贺端威), Khalid Nabulsi, and Guodong (David) Zhan(詹国栋) 2025 (6):  66203-066203.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adca1e 摘要 ( 199 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(3495KB) ( 74 )   The eutectic point is a critical parameter in the phase diagrams of solid-liquid equilibrium. In this study, high-pressure differential thermal analysis (HPDTA) was utilized to measure the melting temperatures of Fe-C alloy (3.4-4.2 wt.% C) under 5 GPa and to plot the liquidus temperature curves spanning from hypoeutectic to hypereutectic compositions. Our results indicate that under 5 GPa, the carbon content at the eutectic point of the Fe-C alloy decreases to 3.6-3.7 wt.% C, representing a reduction of approximately 0.6 wt.% C compared to the atmospheric pressure value (4.3 wt.% C). Concurrently, the eutectic temperature rises to 1195 ${^\circ}$C, showing an elevation of 48 ${^\circ}$C relative to the atmospheric pressure condition (1147 ${^\circ}$C). Microstructural analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and hardness tests further corroborate these findings, demonstrating that high pressure significantly suppresses the solubility of carbon in $\gamma $-Fe, resulting in a decrease in the eutectic carbon content. Additionally, the hardness of the Fe-C alloy under 5 GPa is increased by more than 50% compared to that of the same type of Fe-C alloy under atmospheric pressure. This study provides essential experimental data for constructing high-pressure Fe-C phase diagrams and offers valuable insights for the design of high-performance Fe-based materials under extreme conditions 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Structural regulation and optical behavior of zero-dimensional Cu(I)-based organometallic halides under pressure Runnan Ye(叶润楠), Jingtian Wang(王敬天), Jiayi Yang(杨佳毅), Xuchen Wang(王旭晨), Junce Lei(雷钧策), Wenya Zhao(赵文雅), Yufan Meng(孟雨凡), Guanjun Xiao(肖冠军), and Bo Zou(邹勃) 2025 (6):  66204-066204.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc193 摘要 ( 154 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2744KB) ( 71 )   Low-dimensional hybrid metal halides exhibit broadband emission and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), making them promising candidates for the next-generation luminescent materials in lighting applications. Here, the emission intensity of (C$_{12}$H$_{24}$O$_{6}$)$_{2}$Na$_{2}$(H$_{2}$O)$_{3}$Cu$_{4}$I$_{6}$ was strengthened between 9.3 GPa and 17.2 GPa, accompanied by the redshift of emission wavelength. The photoluminescence (PL) of Cu(I)-based organometallic halides originates from multiple emission states, which are a metal-to-ligand charge transfer or a halide-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT/HLCT) excited state and a cluster-centered (CC) excited state. MLCT/HLCT-related emission wavelength redshifts while CC-related emission wavelength remains unchanged, indicating that the rearrangement of different emission states plays a critical role in the changes of luminescence wavelength. This study not only deepens the understanding of the influence of high pressure on (C$_{12}$H$_{24}$O$_{6}$)$_{2}$Na$_{2}$(H$_{2}$O)$_{3}$Cu$_{4}$I$_{6}$, but also provides valuable insights into the structure-property relationship of zero-dimensional Cu(I)-based organometallic halides. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Band gap engineering and vibrational properties of van der Waals semiconductor ZnPSe3 under compression Rouqiong Su(苏柔琼), Yuying Li(李玉莹), Chunhua Chen(陈春华), Yifang Yuan(袁亦方), and Haizhong Guo(郭海中) 2025 (6):  66205-066205.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adcaa2 摘要 ( 160 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(682KB) ( 91 )   In recent years, transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides $M$P$X_{3}$ ($M =$ transition metal, $X =$ S, Se) have garnered significant attention in the field of two-dimensional van der Waals materials on account of their unique layered structures and diverse physical properties. In this work, we systematically investigated the vibrational modes and band gap evolution of ZnPSe$_{3}$ under extreme conditions using Raman spectroscopy and high-pressure ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results demonstrate that the vibrational modes of ZnPSe$_{3}$ remain stable at low temperatures (5-300 K) and high pressures (0-22.1 GPa). Notably, the band gap of ZnPSe$_{3}$ exhibits an initial increase followed by a decrease under pressures ranging from 0 to 20.6 GPa, which is likely associated with a pressure-induced transition from an indirect to a direct band gap. This work not only enriches the understanding of van der Waals materials but also provides crucial experimental insights for their application in band gap engineering. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Pressure-induced superconductivity in Bi-doped BaFe2(As1-xBix)2 single crystals Chang Su(苏畅), Wuhao Chen(陈吴昊), Wenjing Cheng(程文静), Jiabin Si(司佳斌), Qunfei Zheng(郑群飞), Jinlong Zhu(朱金龙), Lingyi Xing(邢令义), and Ying Liu(刘影) 2025 (6):  67403-067403.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adcaa0 摘要 ( 215 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1104KB) ( 124 )   This study systematically investigates the transport and point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy (PCARS) properties of Bi-doped BaFe$_2$ (As$_{1-x}$Bi$_x$)$_2$ crystals under high pressures up to 8.7 GPa. The superconducting critical temperature ($T_{\rm c}$) and upper critical field ($H_{\rm c2}$) initially decrease with pressure but exhibit a local maximum around 2.9 GPa before further suppression, which can be related to the superconducting transition in the parent compound. The conductance spectrum is consistent with a two-band s-wave model, confirming multi-band superconductivity. The superconducting energy gaps and coupling strengths decrease monotonically with pressure, with the larger gap transitioning from strong to weak coupling. These results provide insight into the interplay between structural, electronic, and superconducting properties in isovalent-doped 122 Fe-based superconductors. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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General-purpose moment tensor potential for Ga-In liquid alloys towards large-scale molecular dynamics with ab initio accuracy Kai-Jie Zhao(赵凯杰) and Zhi-Gong Song(宋智功) 2025 (6):  66101-066101.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc661 摘要 ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(936KB) ( 92 )   Liquid metals demonstrate significant potential for applications in thermal management and flexible electronic circuits, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their transport properties for technological advancements. Experimental measurement of these properties presents challenges due to factors like cost, corrosion and impurity control. Consequently, accurate computational simulations become essential for predicting the physical properties of these materials. In this research, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to model several properties of gallium (Ga), indium (In) and Ga-In alloys, including lattice structural parameters, radial distribution functions (RDF), structure factors, self-diffusion coefficients and viscosity. Due to the difficulty of traditional interatomic potentials in capturing the short-range interactions directly related to the mechanical behavior of liquid atoms, machine-learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have been constructed to precisely describe the liquid metals Ga, In, and Ga-In alloys. This was achieved by utilizing the moment tensor potential (MTP) framework in combination with an active learning strategy. MTP was trained using a comprehensive database generated from DFT and MD simulations, which include a variety of crystal structures, point defects and liquid structures. The calculations of physical properties in this research have shown strong consistency with experimental data, demonstrating that the MTP can accurately describe the interatomic interactions between Ga-Ga, In-In and Ga-In. Our work has established a novel paradigm for investigating the physical properties of various liquid metal systems, offering valuable insights and references for future research. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Unveiling the thermal transport mechanisms in novel carbon-based graphene-like materials using machine-learning potential Yao-Yuan Zhang(章耀元), Meng-Qiu Long(龙孟秋), Sai-Jie Cheng(程赛杰), and Wu-Xing Zhou(周五星) 2025 (6):  67101-067101.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adca18 摘要 ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2250KB) ( 65 )   This study presents a systematic investigation of thermal transport properties in a novel class of carbon-based graphene-like materials (AKCs). Through first-principles calculations combined with the phonon Boltzmann transport equation and machine-learning potential, we analyzed the lattice thermal conductivity and its microscopic mechanisms in three structures: AKC60, AKC33, and AKC41. The research reveals that these materials exhibit significant in-plane thermal conductivity at room temperature (191.0 W/m$\cdot$K, 122.6 W/m$\cdot$K, and 248.3 W/m$\cdot$K, respectively), though an order of magnitude lower than that of graphene. Through detailed analysis of phonon dispersion relations, group velocities, three-phonon scattering phase space, and Grüneisen parameters, we uncovered the physical origins of AKCs' relatively lower thermal conductivity. The findings indicate that despite AKC60's larger primitive cell, its better preservation of graphene's honeycomb structure leads to superior harmonic properties, resulting in higher thermal conductivity than that of AKC33 with its smaller primitive cell. These discoveries provide valuable guidance for AKCs' applications in future electronic devices. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Surface-pitted TiN nanoparticles for direct absorption solar collectors Heng Zhang(张衡), Yuchun Cao(曹玉春), Xiaowen Chen(陈晓文), Qihang Yang(杨起航), Ning Chen(陈宁), and Xiaohu Wu(吴小虎) 2025 (6):  68101-068101.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ada887 摘要 ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1201KB) ( 70 )   Direct absorption solar collectors use nanofluids to absorb and convert solar radiation. Despite the limitations of the photothermal properties of these nanofluids within the absorption spectra range, modifying the surface structure of the nanoparticles can broaden their absorption spectrum, thereby significantly improving the solar thermal conversion efficiency. This paper utilizes the finite element method to investigate the influence of surface pits on the photothermal properties of plasmonic nanoparticles, considering both material composition and surface micro-nano structures. Based on the findings, a novel TiN nanoparticle is proposed to enhance photothermal performance. This nanoparticle exhibits the lowest average reflectance (0.0145) in the 300-1100 nm wavelength range and the highest light absorption intensity across the solar spectrum, enabling highly efficient solar energy conversion. It not only reduces material costs but also effectively broadens the light absorption spectrum of spherical plasmonic nanoparticles. The distributions of the electric field, magnetic field, and energy field of the nanoparticles indicate that the combination of the ``lightning rod'' effect and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) significantly enhances both the electric and magnetic fields, thereby increasing the localized heating effect and improving the photothermal performance. Additionally, the number and size of the pits have a significant impact on the absorption efficiency ($\eta_{\rm abs}$) of TiN nanoparticles. When the surface of the nanoparticles has 38 pits, $\eta _{\rm abs}$ can reach 90%, with the minimum optical penetration depth ($h$) of the nanofluid being 7 mm and the minimum volume fraction ($f_{\rm v}$) being 6.95$\times10^{-6}$. This study demonstrates that nanoparticles with micro-nano structures have immense potential in solar thermal applications, particularly in the field of direct absorption solar collectors. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Performance analysis of porous solar absorbers with high-temperature radiation cooling function Haiyan Yu(于海燕), Anqi Chen(陈安琪), Mingdong Li(李明东), Ahali Hailati(阿哈里·海拉提), Xiaohu Wu(吴小虎), and Xiaohan Ren(任霄汉) 2025 (6):  68102-068102.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/add4e3 摘要 ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(3878KB) ( 113 )   In order to meet the growing global energy demand and fulfill energy conservation and emission reduction goals, the efficient utilization of solar energy is becoming increasingly critical. However, the effects of high temperatures on solar absorption are rarely considered in practical research. Therefore, this study presents a porous zinc and silver sulfide solar absorber with high-temperature radiative cooling capabilities. The solar absorption rate and radiative cooling efficiency in the high-temperature range (636 K-1060 K) are computed using the finite-difference time-domain method. Furthermore, the impact of parameters such as characteristic length, porosity, incident angle, and pore shape factor on both the absorption rate and efficiency of the solar absorber is analyzed. The mechanism is further examined from the perspective of microscopic thermal radiation. The results show that, in the high-temperature range, the solar absorption rate increases with higher porosity and incident angles, reaching its peak when the characteristic length is 1 μm. These findings highlight the significant potential of the solar absorber for efficient solar energy harvesting in photo-thermal conversion applications within a specific high-temperature range. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Interfacial design and thermoelectric properties of C3N4-C20 molecular junctions based on quantum interference Shutao Hu(胡澍涛), Meng Qian(钱萌), Gang Zhang(张刚), and Bei Zhang(张蓓) 2025 (6):  68903-068903.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adcaa3 摘要 ( 0 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1246KB) ( 54 )   Quantum interference effect serves as a critical strategy for addressing incorrect energy level alignment between frontier molecular orbitals and electrodes in molecular junctions. Weak-coupling structures offer an effective approach to suppress phonon thermal conductance. The thermoelectric properties of pure C$_{3}$N$_{4}$ nanoribbon devices and C$_{3}$N$_{4}$-C$_{20}$ molecular junctions are systematically investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) combined with non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. The results show that pure C$_{3}$N$_{4}$ nanoribbon devices have superior charge transport capabilities and excellent Seebeck coefficients. A remarkable thermoelectric figure of merit ($ZT=0.98$) is achieved near 0.09 eV. The pronounced scattering effect induced by embedding a C$_{20}$ molecule in the center of the C$_{3}$N$_{4}$ nanoribbon significantly suppresses phonon transport. A maximum ZT value of 1.68 is observed at 0.987 eV. The electron mobility of C$_{3}$N$_{4}$-C$_{20}$-par is effectively increased due to quantum interference effect which greatly improves the alignment between the C$_{20}$ molecule's frontier orbital energy level and C$_{3}$N$_{4}$ electrodes. The C$_{3}$N$_{4}$-C$_{20}$-van der Waals (vdW) molecular junction allows very few phonons to pass through the C$_{20}$ molecule from the left electrode to the right electrode. As a result, the C$_{3}$N$_{4}$-C$_{20}$-vdW junction achieves an excellent ZT value of 3.82 near the Femi level. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Relativistic terahertz laser pulse from photon deceleration in a plasma wakefield Jie Cai(蔡杰), Minjian Wu(吴旻剑), Yixing Geng(耿易星), Huangang Lu(卢寰港), Han Wen(温寒), Liqi Han(韩立琦), Yanying Zhao(赵研英), Jinqing Yu(余金清), and Xueqing Yan(颜学庆) 2025 (6):  63201-063201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adbf82 摘要 ( 230 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(969KB) ( 193 )   Terahertz (THz) radiation, spanning the frequency range 100 GHz to 10 THz, offers diverse applications in spectroscopy, materials characterization, medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. Despite its potential, the generation of high-intensity, tunable THz radiation remains a significant challenge. In this work, we explore a novel approach to the efficient generation of THz radiation based on laser-plasma interactions, utilizing the principles of photon deceleration. When a relativistic CO2 laser passes through a pre-ionized plasma, the laser induces a nonlinear wakefield, creating a strong refractive index gradient. This gradient, combined with the lower-density region of the wakefield, slows down the laser, facilitating the accumulation of THz radiation. The resulting THz pulse exhibits extreme collimation, high energy efficiency and tunability. Our work shows that this method can achieve up to 10% conversion efficiency with optimal plasma density near the critical density. This technique presents a promising solution for overcoming current limitations in THz source development and offers potential for diverse applications. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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High-order harmonic generation of methane in an elliptically polarized field Shu-Shan Zhou(周书山), Yu-Long Li(李玉龙), Zhi-Xue Zhao(赵志学), Man Xing(幸满), Nan Xu(许楠), Hao Wang(王浩), Jun Wang(王俊), Xi Zhao(赵曦), and Mu-Hong Hu(胡木宏) 2025 (6):  63202-063202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adcb9d 摘要 ( 237 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1307KB) ( 97 )   We performed real-time and real-space numerical simulations of high-order harmonic generation in the three-dimensional structured molecule methane (CH$_{4}$) using time-dependent density functional theory. By irradiating the methane molecule with an elliptically polarized laser pulse polarized in the \( x \)-\( y \) plane, we observed significant even-order harmonic emission in the \( z \)-direction. By analyzing the electron dynamics in the electric field and the multi-orbital effects of the molecule, we revealed that electron recombination near specific atoms in methane is the primary source of high-order harmonic generation in the \( z \)-direction. Furthermore, we identified the dominant molecular orbitals responsible for the enhancement of harmonics in this direction and demonstrated the critical role played by multi-orbital effects in this process. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Experimental manipulation of fine structures in high harmonic spectrum of aligned CO2 molecules Ge-Wen Wang(王革文), Yi-Wen Zhao(赵逸文), Yi-Chen Wang(王一琛), Jing Ma(马婧), Bo-Dun Liu(刘博敦), Wei Jiang(姜威), Hong-Jing Liang(梁红静), and Ri Ma(马日) 2025 (6):  63301-063301.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adab65 摘要 ( 232 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1317KB) ( 103 )   Molecular high-order harmonic spectroscopy is a significant advancement in ultrafast science, enabling the measurement of multielectron dynamics with attosecond temporal resolution. The fine structures observed in the molecular harmonic spectrum provide crucial insights into the structural or multielectron dynamical effects induced by intense laser fields. In this study, we measure the high-order harmonic spectrum of aligned CO$_{2}$ molecules contributed from short trajectories. Two distinct groups of minima are identified in the plateau region. Our findings indicate that the deeper-lying molecular orbitals and two-center interference play significant roles in molecular harmonic generation. The results pave the way for advancing the understanding of multielectron dynamics in polyatomic molecules under intense laser fields. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Tuning the laser-dressed attosecond transient absorption spectra of a singly excited helium state using a shaped attosecond pulse with a spectral minimum Yong Fu(傅勇), Feier Xu(徐霏儿), and Cheng Jin(金成) 2025 (6):  63302-063302.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc40c 摘要 ( 258 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(733KB) ( 92 )   The attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse pump and femtosecond infrared (IR) pulse probe scheme is commonly used to study the dynamics and attosecond transient absorption (ATA) spectra of microscopic systems. In a recent report [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 121 e2307836121 (2024 )], we showed that shaped XUV pulses with spectral minima can significantly alter the absorption line shape of helium's 2s2p doubly excited state within a few tens of attoseconds. However, it remains unclear if similar effects could be observed in a singly excited state. In this study, we use shaped XUV pulses to excite helium's 2p singly excited state and couple the 2p and 3d states with a delayed IR pulse. Comparing these results with those from Gaussian XUV pulses, we find that the ATA spectra for the shaped XUV pulses exhibit more pronounced changes with delay, while the changes for the Gaussian pulses are gradual. We also explain these differences through population changes and analytical models. Our findings show that shaped XUV pulses can regulate the dynamics and absorption spectra of a singly excited state 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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General relaxation model for a homogeneous plasma with spherically symmetric velocity space Yanpeng Wang(王彦鹏), Shichao Wu(吴士超), and Peifeng Fan(范培峰) 2025 (6):  65201-065201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc2de 摘要 ( 117 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(728KB) ( 39 )   A kinetic moment-closed model (KMCM), derived from the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck (VFP) equation with spherically symmetric velocity space, is introduced as a general relaxation model for homogeneous plasmas. The closed form of this model is presented by introducing a set of new functions called $R$ function and $R$ integration. This nonlinear model, based on the finitely distinguishable independent features (FDIF) hypothesis, enables the capture of the nature of the equilibrium state and non-equilibrium state. From this relaxation model, a general temperature relaxation model is derived when the velocity space exhibits spherical symmetry, and the general characteristic frequency of temperature relaxation is presented. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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A Rb-Cs dual-species magneto-optical trap Shiyao Shao(邵师尧), Qing Li(李庆), Lihua Zhang(张力华), Bang Liu(刘邦), Zhengyuan Zhang(张正源), Qifeng Wang(王启锋), Jun Zhang(张俊), Yu Ma(马宇), Tianyu Han(韩天宇), Hanchao Chen(陈瀚超), Jiadou Nan(南佳豆), Yiming Yin(殷一鸣), Dongyang Zhu(朱东杨), Yajun Wang(王雅君), Dongsheng Ding(丁冬生), and Baosen Shi(史保森) 2025 (6):  63702-063702.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc190 摘要 ( 227 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1350KB) ( 88 )   We describe a three-dimensional (3D) magneto-optical trap (MOT) capable of simultaneously capturing 85Rb and 133Cs atoms. Unlike conventional setups, our system utilizes two separate laser systems that are combined before entering the vacuum chamber, enabling the simultaneous trapping of two different atomic species. We trapped 85Rb and 133Cs atoms using relatively low total power: 8 mW cooling and 4 mW repump for 85Rb, and 7.5 mW cooling and 1.5 mW repump for 133Cs. The number of trapped atoms was \(1.6 \times 10^8\) for 85Rb and \(1.4 \times 10^8\) for 133Cs. The optical depths were 3.71 for 85Rb and 3.45 for 133Cs. The temperature of trapped atoms was $\sim200$ μK for 85Rb and $\sim 200$ μK for 133Cs. Our 3D MOT setup allows full horizontal optical access to the trapped atomic ensembles without spatial interference from the trapping or repump laser beams. Our vacuum system is also quite simple, avoiding much of the complexity typically encountered in similar dual-species systems. However, the red detuning of the cooling laser used for atomic trapping in our system is relatively small, leaving room for further optimization. This system offers a versatile platform for exploring complex phenomena in ultracold atom physics, such as Rydberg molecule formation and interspecies interactions. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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A two-stage injection locking amplifier based on a cavity magnonic oscillator Mun Kim, Chunlei Zhang, Chenyang Lu, Jacob Burgess, and Can-Ming Hu 2025 (6):  67104-067104.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/add1bf 摘要 ( 158 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(3114KB) ( 55 )   A cavity magnonic oscillator uses the coupling of a planar transmission line oscillator (cavity) and spin excitations (magnons) in a ferrimagnetic material to achieve superior frequency stability and reduced phase noise. Like many low phase noise oscillators, a cavity magnonic oscillator faces the challenge that its narrow resonance profile is not well suited for injection locking amplification. This work presents an improved design for such an oscillator configured as an injection locking amplifier (ILA) with an extended lock range. The proposed design features a two-stage architecture, consisting of a pre-amplification oscillator and a cavity magnonic oscillator, separated by an isolator to prevent backward locking. By optimizing the circuit parameters of each stage, the proposed design achieved an order of magnitude increase in lock range, when compared to its predecessors, all while preserving the phase noise quality of the input, making it well-suited for narrowband, sensitive signal amplification. Furthermore, this work provides a method for using oscillators with high spectral purity as injection locking amplifiers. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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First- and second-order magnonic topologies in the ferromagnetic breathing SSH model modulated by non-Hermitian effects Huasu Fu(付华宿), Lichuan Zhang(张礼川), Rami Mrad, Yuee Xie(谢月娥), and Yuanping Chen(陈元平) 2025 (6):  67506-067506.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/addaa0 摘要 ( 183 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2171KB) ( 87 )   We investigate magnonic topology in the breathing Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model, incorporating non-Hermitian effects. Our results demonstrate the coexistence of first- and second-order magnonic topologies, with non-Hermitian effects exhibiting size-dependent behavior. In two-dimensional systems, non-Hermitian terms induce a flat band and gap closure along high-symmetry paths, whereas in one-dimensional systems, a finite band gap persists for small system sizes. Additionally, the corner states remain robust, and a pronounced non-Hermitian skin effect emerges. Our findings provide new insights into magnon-based devices, emphasizing the impact of non-Hermitian effects on their design and functionality. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Magnon behavior in YIG film under microwave excitation investigated by Brillouin light scattering Guofu Xu(徐国服), Kang An(安康), Wenjun Ma(马文俊), Xiling Li(李喜玲), C. K. Ong, Chi Zhang(张驰), and Guozhi Chai(柴国志) 2025 (6):  67507-067507.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/add24c 摘要 ( 160 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(825KB) ( 133 )   We utilize conventional wave-vector-resolved Brillouin light scattering technology to investigate the spin wave response in YIG thin films under high-power microwave excitation. By varying the microwave frequency, external bias magnetic field, and in-plane wave vector, in addition to observing the dipole-exchange spin waves excited by parallel parametric pumping, we further observe broadband spin wave excitation within the dipole-exchange spin wave spectrum. This broadband excitation results from the combined effects of parallel and perpendicular parametric pumping, induced by irregularities in the excitation geometry, as well as magnon-magnon scattering arising from the absence of certain spin wave modes. Our findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of energy dissipation and relaxation processes caused by spin wave excitation in magnetic devices operating at high power. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Bifurcation of the bound states in the continuum in a dissipative cavity magnonic system Xinlin Mi(米锌林), Lijun Yan(闫丽君), Bimu Yao(姚碧霂), Shishen Yan(颜世申), Jinwei Rao(饶金威), and Lihui Bai(柏利慧) 2025 (6):  67508-067508.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/add4e4 摘要 ( 190 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1373KB) ( 116 )   We report the bifurcation of bound states in the continuum (BICs) in a dissipative cavity magnonic system, where a BIC splits into a pair of BICs. We theoretically analyze BICs in a dissipative cavity magnonic system and derive the critical condition for BICs bifurcation. Based on the theoretical results, we experimentally tune the dissipative photon-magnon coupling strength and demonstrate precise control over the detuning and number of BICs. When the dissipative coupling strength reaches a critical value, we observe the bifurcation of BICs, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. Our systematic investigation of the evolution of BICs concerning the dissipative coupling strength and the discovery of the BIC bifurcation may enhance the sensitivity of BICs to external perturbations, potentially enabling applications in ultrasensitive detection. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Control of the magnonic excitation under the joint mechanism of magnetostrictive effect and magnetocrystalline anisotropy Saisai Yu(鱼赛赛), Junbo Liu(刘竣菠), and Hao Xiong(熊豪) 2025 (6):  68502-068502.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/add67c 摘要 ( 171 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2984KB) ( 178 )   Magnetostrictive effects and magnetocrystalline anisotropy are fundamental physical properties governing magnon dynamics in magnetic systems. Recent evidence shows that strain-mediated magnetostrictive coupling provides an effective pathway for modulating magnonic excitation through quantum interference. Nevertheless, the microscopic origins of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in manipulating magnon excitation pathways, particularly regarding magnonic Kerr nonlinearity and crystal direction constraints, require further investigation. In this study, we construct a dual-frequency driven magnomechanical model based on yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres. By introducing a Hamiltonian with the magnonic Kerr nonlinear term, we combine the Heisenberg-Langevin equations and the mean field approximation to analytically solve for the driving efficiency $\eta$, and we base our analysis on experimental parameters to evaluate the impacts of the magnonic Kerr coefficient ($K$), driving field ($B_1$) and YIG size. The results show that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy induces a MHz-scale frequency shift, splitting the transmission spectrum from a Lorentzian line shape into asymmetric Fano resonance double peaks. The orientation of the external magnetic field (aligned with the [100] or [110] crystallographic axis) allows precise control over the sign of the magnonic Kerr coefficient $K$, thereby enabling a reversal in the direction of the frequency shift. A strong driving field $B_1$ not only enables controllable switching of the state but also adjusts the switching bandwidth. Furthermore, we show the transition of the dynamical response mechanism of the excitation efficiency spectrum with varying YIG sphere sizes. The study shows the dynamic control mechanism of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy on magnon switching and provides a theoretical foundation for size optimization and nonlinear energy manipulation in spintronic device design. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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A large-area scintillation neutron detector based on WLSF and SiPM readout Xiao-Hu Wang(王小胡), Yang-Tu Lu(卢扬图), Bin Tang(唐彬), Xiu-Ku Wang(王修库), Shao-Jia Chen(陈少佳), Ze-Ren Li(李泽仁), and Zhi-Jia Sun(孙志嘉) 2025 (6):  66106-066106.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adcb1c 摘要 ( 148 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1142KB) ( 59 )   Position-sensitive neutron detectors play an important role in neutron scattering studies. Detectors based on $^{6}$LiF/ZnS (Ag) scintillator and wave-shifting fiber have the advantages of high neutron detection efficiency, high position resolution, and large-area splicing, and can well meet the requirement of large area neutron detection for neutron diffractometers. An engineering detector prototype based on a $^{6}$LiF/ZnS (Ag) scintillation screen and SiPM array readout was fabricated for the General Purpose Powder Diffractometer of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The detector has an active area of 196 $\rm mm \times 444$ mm, with a pixel size of 4 $\rm mm \times 4 $ mm. The key performances of the detector prototype were tested at the BL20 neutron beam line of CSNS. The test results show that the neutron detection efficiency of the detector was 32% and 42% at wavelengths of 1.4 Å and 2.8 Å, respectively. An interpolated neutron detection efficiency of 40.2% at a wavelength of 2 Å was obtained. The tested neutron efficiency non-uniformity of the detector was 10.2%, which is less than one-half that of the current general purpose powder diffractometer scintillator neutron detectors at CSNS. This work achieves, for the first time, an efficiency uniformity of $< 11%$ in large-area mosaic neutron detectors, alongside significant advancements in electromagnetic interference immunity and cost-effectiveness. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Positive and negative electrocaloric effects Hongrui Xu(徐洪瑞) and Jiping Huang(黄吉平) 2025 (6):  67702-067702.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc36c 摘要 ( 171 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(1783KB) ( 57 )   Electrocaloric effect has attracted considerable attention for providing an eco-friendly and energy-efficient alternative to traditional vapor-compression refrigerators. In this review, we introduce theoretical explanations of positive and negative electrocaloric effects along with their measurements. In particular, we review recent advancements in prototypes of electrocaloric refrigeration and present their current advantages and shortcomings. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of the electrocaloric effect such as clothing and metamaterials to provide insights into future research. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Multiferroicity and thermal expansion of the layered metal-organic framework [NH4Cl]2[Ni(HCOO)2(NH3)2] Dan Cheng(程丹), Yingjie He(何英杰), Shuang Liu(刘爽), Na Su(苏娜), and Young Sun(孙阳) 2025 (6):  67505-067505.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adcaa4 摘要 ( 228 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1303KB) ( 157 )   We have investigated the magnetic, dielectric, pyroelectric, and thermal expansion properties of a layered perovskite metal-organic framework, [NH$_{4}$Cl]$_{2}$[Ni(HCOO)$_{2}$(NH$_{3}$)$_{2}$]. The material undergoes three phase transitions including a canted antiferromagnetic transition at $\sim 36 $ K, and two successive structural transitions around 100 K and 110 K, respectively. The temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity and pyroelectric current suggests that the structural transitions induce weak ferroelectricity along the $c$-axis and antiferroelectricity in the ab plane. A negative thermal expansion along the $c$-axis is observed between two structural phase transitions, which is ascribed to the abnormal shrinkage of interlayer hydrogen bonding length. Moreover, the ferroelectric/antiferroelectric phase transition temperature shifts towards a higher temperature under a magnetic field, suggesting certain magnetoelectric coupling in the paramagnetic phase. Our study suggests that the layered metal-organic frameworks provide a unique playground for exploring exotic physical properties such as multiferroicity and abnormal thermal expansion. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Two-step growth of 4-inch multilayer MoS2 wafers Yang-Kun Zhang(张养坤), Yu-Chen Wang(王雨辰), Wei Yang(杨威), Dong-Xia Shi(时东霞), Luo-Jun Du(杜罗军), and Guang-Yu Zhang(张广宇) 2025 (6):  68103-068103.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adce9f 摘要 ( 334 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(2727KB) ( 351 )   Molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_{2}$) is an emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor and has great potential for high-end applications beyond the traditional silicon-based electronics. Compared to the monolayers, multilayer MoS$_{2}$ has improved electron mobility and current density, and therefore provides a more promising platform in terms of thin-film transistors, flexible electronic devices, etc. However, the synthesis of large-area, high-quality multilayer MoS$_{2}$ films with controlled layer number remains a challenge. Here, we develop a two-step oxygen-assisted chemical vapor deposition (OA-CVD) methodology for the synthesis of 4-inch MoS$_{2}$ films from monolayer to trilayer on sapphire substrates. The influence of critical growth parameters on the growth of multilayer MoS$_{2}$ is systematically explored, such as the evaporation temperature of MoO$_{3}$ and the flow rate of O$_{2}$. Flexible field-effect transistor (FET) devices fabricated from bilayer/trilayer MoS$_{2}$ show substantial improvements in mobility compared with flexible FETs based on monolayer films. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Simple robot swarm with magnetic coupling connections can collaboratively accomplish collective tasks Xingyu Ma(马星宇), Chuyun Wang(汪楚云), Jing Wang(王璟), Huaicheng Chen(陈怀城), Gao Wang(王高), and Liyu Liu(刘雳宇) 2025 (6):  68701-068701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc666 摘要 ( 217 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2887KB) ( 144 )   The use of robotic swarms to study the properties of active matter is a common experimental approach. In such studies, robots are often required to possess capabilities in computation, storage, perception, and two-dimensional (2D) movement to execute predefined rules. Under these rules, the swarm can accomplish complex tasks, exhibit rich collective states, or demonstrate intriguing phase transition phenomena. However, this study demonstrates how a swarm of spin robots, which only respond to simple ambient light intensity, can be constructed into a collective system capable of performing practical swarm tasks such as phototactic motion, controllable folding, and object transport through weak coupling interactions between individuals. Furthermore, it is proven that this swarm exhibits strong system fault tolerance. This research aims to demonstrate that, beyond the common design of sophisticated individuals and excellent inter-individual interaction rules, appropriate structural and coupling designs can enable individuals without computational capabilities to generate complex collective behaviors and accomplish diverse swarm tasks through cooperation. This provides a research direction for experimental studies of active matter using robotic systems. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Coherent states associated with integral multi-index Mittag-Leffler functions Dušan Popov1,2, 2025 (6):  60201-060201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc65d 摘要 ( 182 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(484KB) ( 95 )   The purpose of this paper is to show that by using a certain type of discrete-continuous limit, a series of integral entities can be defined (Mittag-Leffler multi-index functions, associated coherent states and their properties), which are counterparts of the corresponding discrete entities. We built and examine the properties of a new aspect of generalized integral multi-index Mittag-Leffler functions and we constructed and examined the properties of coherent states associated with this new function. This approach is motivated through the fact that these functions can be connected with the coherent states of the continuous spectrum, as well as with so-called nu-function. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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An ADP-based robust control scheme for nonaffine nonlinear systems with uncertainties and input constraints Shijie Luo(罗世杰), Kun Zhang(张坤), and Wenchao Xue(薛文超) 2025 (6):  60202-060202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adbee1 摘要 ( 188 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1930KB) ( 53 )   The paper develops a robust control approach for nonaffine nonlinear continuous systems with input constraints and unknown uncertainties. Firstly, this paper constructs an affine augmented system (AAS) within a pre-compensation technique for converting the original nonaffine dynamics into affine dynamics. Secondly, the paper derives a stability criterion linking the original nonaffine system and the auxiliary system, demonstrating that the obtained optimal policies from the auxiliary system can achieve the robust controller of the nonaffine system. Thirdly, an online adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm is designed for approximating the optimal solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. Moreover, the gradient descent approach and projection approach are employed for updating the actor-critic neural network (NN) weights, with the algorithm's convergence being proven. Then, the uniformly ultimately bounded stability of state is guaranteed. Finally, in simulation, some examples are offered for validating the effectiveness of this presented approach. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Global dynamics and optimal control of SEIQR epidemic model on heterogeneous complex networks Xiongding Liu(柳雄顶), Xiaodan Zhao(赵晓丹), Xiaojing Zhong(钟晓静), and Wu Wei(魏武) 2025 (6):  60203-060203.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc082 摘要 ( 210 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1472KB) ( 40 )   This paper investigates a new SEIQR (susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantined-recovered) epidemic model with quarantine mechanism on heterogeneous complex networks. Firstly, the nonlinear SEIQR epidemic spreading dynamic differential coupling model is proposed. Then, by using mean-field theory and the next-generation matrix method, the equilibriums and basic reproduction number are derived. Theoretical results indicate that the basic reproduction number significantly relies on model parameters and topology of the underlying networks. In addition, the globally asymptotic stability of equilibrium and the permanence of the disease are proved in detail by the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Lyapunov method and LaSalle's invariance principle. Furthermore, we find that the quarantine mechanism, that is the quarantine rate ($\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}$), has a significant effect on epidemic spreading through sensitivity analysis of basic reproduction number and model parameters. Meanwhile, the optimal control model of quarantined rate and analysis method are proposed, which can optimize the government control strategies and reduce the number of infected individual. Finally, numerical simulations are given to verify the correctness of theoretical results and a practice application is proposed to predict and control the spreading of COVID-19. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Ground state of SU(3) spin-orbit coupled soft-core Bose gas Jia Liu(刘佳), Jing Feng(冯婧), Ya-Jun Wang(王雅君), Xiao-Fei Zhang(张晓斐), and Xue-Ying Yang(杨雪滢) 2025 (6):  60301-060301.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc36b 摘要 ( 200 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1291KB) ( 77 )   By numerical propagation of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations, the ground state phase of a SU(3) spin-orbit coupled Bose gas with nonlocal soft-core interactions has been investigated within the all parameter space, showing strong dependence on the strength of SU(3) spin-orbit coupling, nonlocal soft-core interactions, spin-exchange interactions and Rydberg blockade radius. More specially, we also perform a detailed study of the dependence of soft-core interaction on the Rydberg blockade radius at the point of rotational symmetry breaking. Our results show that under the combined effects of such parameters, the ground state shows a threefold-degenerate magnetized state for ferromagnetic spin interaction, while a variety of lattice phases for antiferromagnetic spin interaction. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Surface solitons in Kerr-type nonlinear media with chirped lattices Xiaoyang Wang(王笑阳), Huilian Wei(魏慧莲), Xuefei Zhang(张雪菲), and Tianfu Xu(徐天赋) 2025 (6):  60302-060302.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc083 摘要 ( 171 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1127KB) ( 27 )   The existence and stability of the fundamental, multi-peak, and twisted solitons in Kerr nonlinear media with chirped (amplitude-modulated) lattices are reported. We discover that the chirp rate and lattice depth can dramatically change the existence domain of solitons, the energy flow of solitons increases with increasing chirp rate or decreasing lattice depth. We also analyze how the chirp rate and lattice depth affect the stability of solitons. The stable domains of fundamental solitons and twisted solitons exhibit a multi-window distribution, while multi-peak solitons are unstable throughout the entire existence domain. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Witnessing the distribution of sources in quantum networks via hierarchical nonlocality Shu-Yuan Yang(杨舒媛), Jin-Chuan Hou(侯晋川), and Kan He(贺衎) 2025 (6):  60303-060303.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/add507 摘要 ( 158 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(643KB) ( 124 )   Quantum networks with multiple sources always face performance challenges due to the vulnerability of quantum systems. Thus, it is highly desirable to have the capability to continuously monitor and determine the exact number of quantum sources versus classical sources present within the network. Hierarchical network nonlocality can reveal the relationship between network nonlocality and the number of quantum sources within the network, thus becoming a way to address the aforementioned issue. However, up to now, precise hierarchical network nonlocality inequalities have only been established for star networks, and cannot be obtained for other non-star structured networks [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 010403 (2022) and Phys. Rev. A 110 022617 (2024)]. In this paper, we establish more refined criteria for hierarchical network nonlocality inequalities in arbitrary network structures. Violating such inequalities can reveal the exact number of quantum sources in the network. These results enhance the understanding of quantum source distribution in complex network topologies. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Synchronous dynamics of robotic arms driven by Chua circuits Guoping Sun(孙国平), Mingxin Xu(许明鑫), Guoqiang Jin(金国强), and Xufeng Wang(王旭峰) 2025 (6):  60501-060501.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc2e1 摘要 ( 172 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(3922KB) ( 68 )   This study investigates chaotic synchronization via field-coupled nonlinear circuits, achieving both electrical synchronization and energy balance. The driving mechanism biomimetically parallels neuromuscular signal transduction, where synchronized neuronal firing induces coordinated muscle contractions that produce macroscopic movement. We implement a Chua circuit-driven robotic arm with tunable periodic/chaotic oscillations through parameter modulation and external current injection. Bifurcation analysis maps oscillation modes under varying external stimuli. Inductive coupling between two systems with distinct initial conditions facilitates magnetic energy transfer, optimized by an energy balance criterion. A bio-inspired exponential gain method dynamically regulates the coupling strength to optimize the energy transfer efficiency. The effects of ambient electromagnetic noise on synchronization are systematically quantified. The results indicate electrically modulatable robotic arm dynamics, with the coupled systems achieving autonomous rapid synchronization. Despite noise-induced desynchronization, inter-system errors rapidly decay and stabilize within bounded limits, confirming robust stability. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Testing algorithm for the computation of the transverse emittance of the ion beams generated by the ECR mVINIS ion source based on a pepper-pot method Viktor Jocić, Igor Telečki, and Ivan Trajić 2025 (6):  60701-060701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc674 摘要 ( 157 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1231KB) ( 16 )   Without knowing the emittance value, it is difficult to optimize ion beam optics for minimum beam loss during transmission, especially considering the very high emittance values of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources. With this in mind, to measure the emittance of the ion beams produced by the mVINIS ECR, which is part of the FAMA facility at the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, we have developed a pepper-pot scintillator screen system combined with a CMOS camera. The application, developed on the LabVIEW platform, allows us to control the camera's main attribute settings, such as the shutter speed and the gain, record the images in the region of interest, and process and filter the images in real time. To analyze the data from the obtained image, we have developed an algorithm called measurement and analysis of ion beam luminosity (MAIBL) to reconstruct the four-dimensional (4D) beam profile and calculate the root mean square (RMS) emittance. Before measuring emittance, we performed a simulated experiment using the pepper-pot simulation (PPS) program. An exported file (PPS) gives a numerically generated raw image (mock image) of a beam with a predefined emittance value after it has passed through a pepper-pot mask. By analyzing data from mock images instead of the image obtained by the camera and putting it into the MAIBL algorithm, we can compare the calculated emittance with PPS's initial emittance value. In this paper, we present our computational tools and explain the method for verifying the correctness of the calculated emittance values. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Sub-Doppler cooling of magnesium fluoride molecules Jin Wei(魏晋), Di Wu(吴迪), Taojing Dong(董涛晶), Chenyu Zu(祖晨宇), Yong Xia(夏勇), and Jianping Yin(印建平) 2025 (6):  63701-063701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc408 摘要 ( 202 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(738KB) ( 73 )   We present a theoretical approach to achieve sub-Doppler cooling of magnesium fluoride (MgF) molecules by tuning the AC Stark shift with a blue-detuned laser. We study three blue-detuned magneto-optical trapping (MOT) schemes by using the Bayesian optimization method with the optical Bloch equations. We perform a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the force in the MOT and the velocities and positions of the MgF molecules. Monte-Carlo simulations show that our MOT schemes can achieve a temperature as low as 28 μK and a density as high as $4.0 \times 10^{8}$ cm$^{-3}$ at the conditions of a ratio of two laser intensities of 2:7, a detuning of 3$\varGamma $ and a polarization configuration of $\sigma ^{-}{- \sigma }^{+}$. These results provide a clear way for transferring a large number of MgF molecules into a conservative trap to enhance the subsequent cooling such as evaporative or sympathetic cooling. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Correlated Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparencys Lei Huang(黄磊), Peng-Fei Wang(王鹏斐), Han-Xiao Zhang(张焓笑), Yu Zhu(朱瑜), Hong Yang(杨红), and Dong Yan(严冬) 2025 (6):  64201-064201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc405 摘要 ( 208 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2473KB) ( 74 )   In the regime of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, we study the correlated behaviors between the transmission spectra of a pair of probe fields passing through respective parallel one-dimensional cold Rydberg ensembles. Due to the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between Rydberg atoms, each ensemble exhibits a local optical nonlinearity, where the output EIT spectra are sensitive to both the input probe intensity and the photonic statistics. More interestingly, a nonlocal optical nonlinearity emerges between two spatially separated ensembles, as the probe transmissivity and probe correlation at the exit of one Rydberg ensemble can be manipulated by the probe field at the input of the other Rydberg ensemble. Realizing correlated Rydberg EITs holds great potential for applications in quantum control, quantum network, quantum walk and so on. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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High-efficiency Yb3+-doped fiber laser with highly optical nonlinear Bi4Br4-based saturable absorber Mengyuan Liu(刘梦媛), Yechao Han(韩烨超), Qi Liu(刘齐), Hao Teng(滕浩), Xiwei Huang(黄玺玮), Xiaowei Xing(邢笑伟), Xiangyu Qiao(乔向宇), Guojing Hu(胡国静), Xiao Lin(林晓), Haitao Yang(杨海涛), Zhiyi Wei(魏志义), and Wenjun Liu(刘文军) 2025 (6):  64202-064202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc664 摘要 ( 193 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(3705KB) ( 104 )   Recently, Bi$_{4}$Br$_{4}$ is proved to be a member of topological insulators and is expected to be a promising candidate for ultrafast photonic device. However, experimental studies on the nonlinear optical properties of Bi$_{4}$Br$_{4}$ are limited, and its broadband absorption capabilities have not been validated. This study presents the first preparation of Bi$_{4}$Br$_{4}$ samples using the chemical vapor transport method, resulting in a saturable absorber (SA) with a high modulation depth (46.23%) and low non-saturable loss (6.5%). The optical nonlinearity ranks among the best in similar studies. Additionally, this work applies Bi$_{4}$Br$_{4}$-SA for the first time in 1-μm fiber laser, developing a ring-cavity mode-locked fiber laser with a central wavelength of 1029.79 nm, a pulse duration of 442 fs, and a maximum output power of 90.83 mW. And a linear-cavity mode-locked fiber laser with a central wavelength of 1031.24 nm, a pulse duration of 511 fs, and a maximum output power of 92.81 mW is constructed. It is worth noting that the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency has reached about 11.54% and 33.58%. This study verifies Bi$_{4}$Br$_{4}$-SA's modulation effectiveness for 1-μm pulse lasers and provides a powerful reference for the design of high-efficiency fiber lasers. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Multi-wavelength and transversely mode-switchable fiber laser based on ring-core fiber Bragg grating Ya-Jun Jiang(姜亚军), Yu-Hui Su(苏宇辉), Jia-Xin Gao(高嘉欣), Feng Zhou(周峰), Li-Qin Cheng(程丽琴), Kang-Wei Pan(潘康伟), Bin-Chuan Sun(孙镔传), Li Shen(申力), De-Xing Yang(杨德兴), and Jian-Lin Zhao(赵建林) 2025 (6):  64203-064203.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc663 摘要 ( 242 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1292KB) ( 60 )   A multi-wavelength and transversely mode-switchable fiber laser based on a ring-core fiber Bragg grating (RCFBG) is proposed. Two RCFBGs with high and low reflectivity are inscribed using a femtosecond laser and the phase mask scanning technique, serving as the mirrors in an all-fiber laser linear resonator. Leveraging the polarization dependence of the RCFBG through side exposure, we can readily achieve switchable single-wavelength, dual-wavelength, or triple-wavelength laser outputs by adjusting the polarization controller (PC) inside the resonator. Additionally, three distinct modes, namely, cylindrical vector beam (CVB), fundamental and mixed modes, are successfully obtained in single-wavelength laser operation. Azimuthally or radially polarized lasers can be realized by tuning two PCs inside and outside the resonator while operating in CVB mode. This innovative multi-wavelength and transversely mode-switchable fiber laser based on RCFBGs holds significant potential for applications in wavelength division multiplexing and mode division multiplexing systems. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Polarization-sensitive nonlinear optical diffraction Jianluo Chen(陈健洛), Lihong Hong(洪丽红), Yu Zou(邹娱), Jiacheng Li(李嘉诚), and Zhi-Yuan Li(李志远) 2025 (6):  64204-064204.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc401 摘要 ( 174 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(691KB) ( 78 )   When a laser beam is incident on a nonlinear grating with a laterally modulated second-order nonlinear coefficient, nonlinear diffraction of the noncollinear second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal occurs, with Raman-Nath nonlinear diffraction (NRND) being a prominent example. As these SHG NRND processes involve coupling between the fundamental-wave pump laser vectorial field and the SHG laser vectorial field through the second-order nonlinearity second-rank tensor of the nonlinear crystal, the nonlinear interaction between light and the nonlinear grating can be manipulated by adjusting the polarization state of the pump laser. In this paper, we derive the relationship between the polarization state of the incident light and the generated nonlinear diffraction signal based on the nonlinear coupled wave equation and experimentally validate the predicted diffraction characteristics. The results show that the optical properties of each order of NRND are highly sensitive to the polarization angle of the incident pump laser beam. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Thermal investigation of water-based radiative magnetized micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow subject to impacts of the Cattaneo-Christov flux model on a variable porous stretching sheet with a machine learning approach Showkat Ahmad Lone, Zehba Raizah, Rawan Bossly, Fuad S. Alduais, Afrah Al-Bossly, and Arshad Khan 2025 (6):  64401-064401.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc65e 摘要 ( 156 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(11323KB) ( 79 )   This work investigates water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid (MHNF) flow on an elongating variable porous sheet. Nanoparticles of diamond and copper have been used in the water to boost its thermal conductivity. The motion of the fluid is taken as two-dimensional with the impact of a magnetic field in the normal direction. The variable, permeable, and stretching nature of sheet's surface sets the fluid into motion. Thermal and mass diffusions are controlled through the use of the Cattaneo-Christov flux model. A dataset is generated using MATLAB bvp4c package solver and employed to train an artificial neural network (ANN) based on the Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation (LMBP) algorithm. It has been observed as an outcome of this study that the modeled problem achieves peak performance at epochs 637, 112, 4848, and 344 using ANN-LMBP. The linear velocity of the fluid weakens with progression in variable porous and magnetic factors. With an augmentation in magnetic factor, the micro-rotational velocity profiles are augmented on the domain $0\le \eta <1.5$ due to the support of micro-rotations by Lorentz forces close to the sheet's surface, while they are suppressed on the domain $1.5\le \eta <6.0$ due to opposing micro-rotations away from the sheet's surface. Thermal distributions are augmented with an upsurge in thermophoresis, Brownian motion, magnetic, and radiation factors, while they are suppressed with an upsurge in thermal relaxation parameter. Concentration profiles increase with an expansion in thermophoresis factor and are suppressed with an intensification of Brownian motion factor and solute relaxation factor. The absolute errors (AEs) are evaluated for all the four scenarios that fall within the range $10^{-3}$-$10^{-8}$ and are associated with the corresponding ANN configuration that demonstrates a fine degree of accuracy. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Fractional order nonlinear dynamics modeling of air spring Zhemin Kang(康哲民), Shaofang Wen(温少芳), Jing Chen(陈婧), Yongjun Shen(申永军), and Yunfei Liu(刘云飞) 2025 (6):  64601-064601.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc2e0 摘要 ( 179 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1281KB) ( 67 )   The air spring is a non-metallic spring device that utilizes the deformation of flexible materials and the compression of air to generate restoring force, achieving vibration damping and buffering effects. It features height adjustment and high-frequency vibration isolation. Air springs exhibit significant viscoelastic and memory characteristics. Traditional dynamic models of air springs are complex and unable to accurately describe their viscoelastic properties. This paper introduces fractional calculus theory to study them. Through experimental research on air springs, test data are analyzed to obtain their mechanical properties under different working conditions. A fractional-order nonlinear dynamic model of the air spring is established, and the model parameters are identified using the least squares method. The experimental data are fitted to verify the model's accuracy. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Study on adaptive mesh method in the problem of underwater shock waves near water surface Fang Wang(王芳), Xinpeng Yuan(原新鹏), and Jianzhu An(安建祝) 2025 (6):  64701-064701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adbed8 摘要 ( 154 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(13753KB) ( 59 )   This paper focuses on the application of the adaptive mesh method in the study of underwater shock waves near the water surface. By integrating theoretical analysis with a five-equation model under axisymmetric coordinates, we developed an optimized computational framework for multi-material fluid simulations. The moving mesh method (r-method) is used to accurately capture complex underwater shock wave systems. Multiple numerical experiments are conducted, including deep-water explosions, near-surface explosions for both spherical charge and cylindrical charge, and regular-irregular reflection interface calculations. The results show that compared to the fixed mesh method, the adaptive mesh method provides results closer to the theoretical values and achieves local high-resolution computation of multi-material fluids. By adjusting the adaptive function, different mesh refinement effects can be obtained. This method also has certain advantages in calculating the regular-irregular reflection interface in underwater explosions. This study establishes a validated computational framework for underwater explosion research, enhancing the predictive accuracy for underwater shock wave propagation in engineering assessments and providing new insights into the fundamental physics of multi-material explosion phenomena. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Adsorption-modulated dynamical stability of nanobubbles at the solid-liquid interface Guiyuan Huang(黄桂源), Lili Lan(蓝礼礼), Binghai Wen(闻炳海), Li Yang(阳丽), and Yong Yang(杨勇) 2025 (6):  64702-064702.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adbd29 摘要 ( 165 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(884KB) ( 97 )   We study the effects of gas adsorption on the dynamics and stability of nanobubbles at the solid-liquid interface. The phase diagram and dynamic evolution of surface nanobubbles were analyzed under varying equilibrium adsorption constant. Four distinct dynamic behaviors appear in the phase diagram: shrinking to dissolution, expanding to bursting, shrinking to stability, and expanding to stability. Special boundary states are identified in phase diagram, where the continuous growth of nanobubbles can take place even under very weak gas-surface interaction or with very small initial bubble size. Surface adsorption plays a critical role in the stability, lifetime, radius, and contact angle of nanobubbles, thereby demonstrating that pinning is not a prerequisite for stabilization. Furthermore, stable equilibrium nanobubbles exhibit a characteristic range of footprint radius, a limited height, and a small contact angle, consistent with experimental observations. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Development characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge channels with rotating high-voltage electrodes Hui Jiang(姜慧), Jinyu Tang(唐金宇), and Yufei Han(韩雨菲) 2025 (6):  65101-065101.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc670 摘要 ( 80 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1829KB) ( 185 )   Based on a homemade novel dielectric barrier discharge actuator with a rotating high-voltage electrode, this study investigates the influence of electrode rotating speed on the discharge characteristics, and the mechanisms of discharge process under rotary conditions are discussed. The results demonstrate that when the high-voltage electrode is rotating, the distribution patterns of dielectric barrier discharge and the parameters of micro-discharge channels exhibit significant changes. Under a low rotating speed, the discharge patterns present as a series of separated discharge channels, resulting in uniform charge distribution but uneven electric field distribution in the gap. As the rotating speed increases, the electric field and the discharge channels will be affected by the rotation, so the electric field is more evenly distributed in the gap, and the discharge mode changes to a quasi-uniform discharge. With increasing distance from the rotation axis, the electric field strength gradually decreases, and the electric field force experienced by the micro-discharge channels during its formation weakens. Consequently, the average size of the micro-discharge channels increases, indicating that these channels are gradually stretched. The rotation of the electrode generates a significant number of accumulated charges, impacting the number of micro-discharge channels. The number of micro-discharge channels at the center of the electrode increases with rotating speed; however, due to channel stretching, the average size of the micro-discharge channels at the edge of the electrode also increases, leading to a decrease in their overall quantity. The research results reveal the significant impact of the electrode rotation on the characteristics of discharge channels, providing a theoretical basis for further optimal design of the rotating dielectric barrier discharge in various application. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Deciphering the capacity degradation mechanism in lithium manganese oxide batteries Lin Wang(王琳), Shijie Li(李世杰), Na Li(李娜), and Wei-Li Song(宋维力) 2025 (6):  66103-066103.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc671 摘要 ( 136 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(2636KB) ( 42 )   Spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn$_{2}$O$_{4}$, LMO) emerges as a promising cathode material for future stationary energy storage applications due to its high voltage, safety, cost-effectiveness, and electrochemical performance. However, LMO suffers from rapid capacity degradation caused by the Jahn-Teller effect, Mn dissolution and side reactions. The mechanism remains unclear and even contradictory across various studies, impeding the advancement of high-performance LMO and its widespread utilization. In this study, 14 Ah commercial-level LMO batteries were manufactured and assessed. The mechanism of capacity attenuation in cycle-aged cells at room temperature (RT, 25 $^\circ$C) and high temperature (HT, 55 $^\circ$C) storage cells was systematically investigated through the application of electrochemical quantitative methods. The results indicate specific capacity losses of approximately 6.26% and 2.55% for the cathodes in RT cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells, respectively, in comparison to fresh cells. These values are lower than the 12.54% and 6.99% capacity losses observed in RT cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells. While RT cycle-aging and HT storage conditions do not lead to irreversible capacity loss on the anode side. The results suggest that the primary causes of irreversible capacity degradation are not located on the cathode or anode. Nevertheless, significant polarization arises from the continuous growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), believed to be catalyzed by Mn deposited on the anode, which is considered harmful. This study elucidates that inhibiting the dissolution of Mn from the cathode, facilitating its transport in the electrolyte, promoting its deposition on the anode, and catalyzing the decomposition of the electrolyte are crucial factors for enhancing the performance of LMO batteries. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Improved temperature localization by hollowing plasmonic nanofocusing cones Jiaming Zhang(张家明) and Jinglai Duan(段敬来) 2025 (6):  66104-066104.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc409 摘要 ( 125 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1693KB) ( 60 )   The utilization of nanostructures with diverse geometric shapes is essential for manipulating the energy of electromagnetic (EM) fields and achieving various applications in optics, such as nanofocusing. The plasmonic cone structure is highly representative in the field of nanofocusing applications, effectively guiding EM field energy to the tip of the cone and resulting in high local electric field and temperature effects. In certain chemical catalytic applications, an elevated temperature and a larger surface area may be required to enhance catalysis reactions. Here, we propose a hollow gold nanocone structure that can achieve higher temperature both at the tip and within its hollow region under the excitation of an EM field. Through rigorous finite element method (FEM) simulations, we investigated the EM field and temperature distribution of the hollow cone at various cone angles and identified those angles that yield higher local temperatures. Additionally, the analysis of the scattering cross section of hollow cones reveals that the presence of electric dipole component of the EM field corresponds to Fabry-Perot-like (FP-like) resonance in short wavelengths (600 nm-1200 nm), which predominantly contributes to the temperature localization. These findings provide novel insights into utilizing conical nanostructures for applications such as catalysis. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Anomalous lattice vibration in monolayer MoS2 induced by DUV laser: A first-principles investigation Weidong Wang(王卫东), Renhui Liu(刘仁辉), Ye Zhang(张也), Huaihong Guo(郭怀红), Jianqi Huang(黄建啟), Zhantong Liu(刘展彤), Heting Zhao(赵贺霆), Kai Wang(王凯), Bo Zhao(赵波), and Teng Yang(杨腾) 2025 (6):  66301-066301.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc36e 摘要 ( 174 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(3552KB) ( 78 )   MoS$_2$ monolayer, as a highly promising two-dimensional semiconducting material for electronic and optoelectronic applications, exhibits deep-ultraviolet (DUV) laser-induced anomalous lattice dynamics as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Remarkably, not only the Raman intensity of many second-order Raman peaks but also the intensity ratio between the first-order modes $E'$ and $A_{1}'$ exhibits a non-monotonic behavior that depends on laser energy. Moreover, there are significant inconsistencies in the literature regarding the assignments of these second-order Raman modes. In this work, we perform a thorough exploration of the anomalous lattice dynamics and conduct a renewed assignment of the numerous double resonant Raman modes of MoS$_2$ monolayer. At three laser energies ($E_{\rm{L}} = 2.33$, 3.50, and 4.66 eV) spanning from the visible to the ultraviolet and further into the DUV region, the calculated double-resonance Raman spectra correlate reasonably well with the experimental ones in terms of both peak positions and relative intensities. We confirm that the $P_{\rm{1}}$ peak at $\sim 450 $ cm$^{-1}$ represents the second-order longitudinal acoustic (2$LA$) overtone mode. Each of the $P_{{i}}$ ($i = 1$, 2, $\ldots$, 7) peaks has multiple contributions from two phonons with distinct $q$ wavevectors. Our calculations further reveal that the DUV laser-induced anomalous lattice dynamics stems from the quantum interference effect among different Raman scattering channels. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Laser power-induced Fermi-level shift in graphene/Al2O3 under ambient atmosphere: Toward neutralizing unintentional graphene doping Jamal Q. M. Almarashi, Mohamed K. Zayed, Hesham Fares, Heba Sukar, Takao Ono, Yasushi Kanai, and Mohamed Almokhtar 2025 (6):  66302-066302.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc6f3 摘要 ( 134 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(909KB) ( 60 )   Manipulating unintentional doping in graphene layers, which is influenced by environmental factors and supporting substrates, is of significant concern for the performance and advancement of graphene-based devices. In this context, laser-induced tuning of charge carriers in graphene facilitates the exploration of graphene's properties in relation to its surroundings and enables laser-assisted functionalization. This has the potential to advance optoelectronic devices that utilize graphene on transparent dielectric substrates, such as Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$. In this work, laser power ($P_{\rm L}$) in Raman spectroscopy is used as a convenient contactless tool to manipulate and control unintentional carrier concentration and Fermi level position ($E_{\rm F}$) in graphene/$\alpha $-Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ (G/Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$) under ambient conditions. Samples are annealed at 400 $^\circ$C for two hours in an ($\rm Ar+H_{2}$) atmosphere to remove any chemical residues. Analysis of the peak frequency ($\omega $) and full width at half maximum ($\varGamma $) of the G and 2D bands show that G/Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ layers initially exhibit p-type doping, with $E_{\rm F}$ located at $\sim 100$ meV below its Dirac charge-neutral point (DCNP). Increasing $P_{\rm L}$ results in effective carrier manipulation and raises $E_{\rm F}$ above DCNP. No significant internal stress is produced due to $P_{\rm L}$, as inferred from the strain-sensitive G* band of graphene. Raman analysis of three successive cycles reveals hysteretic behavior from cycle to cycle, which is commonly reported to be limited by the type and density of the existing unintentional doping. Because of the ubiquitous nature of unintentional doping in graphene, manipulating it using contactless laser power to realize the desired graphene properties would be one of the best available practical approaches. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Interacting Dirac semi-metal state in nonsymmorphic Kondo-lattice compound CeAgSb2 Da-Liang Guo(郭达良), and Huan Li(黎欢) 2025 (6):  67102-067102.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc6f6 摘要 ( 120 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(7577KB) ( 86 )   Dirac node-line (DNL) materials constitute a distinct category of topological semimetals, defined by the linear crossing of valence and conduction bands along one-dimensional lines within the Brillouin zone (BZ), resembling the behavior of Dirac fermions. However, spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and electronic interactions can typically alter these intersections and break the DNLs. In mostly reported cases, DNLs are classified as non-interacting types, which highlights the significant research value in searching for robust interacting DNLs in practical materials. Here, by employing first-principles calculations that combine density functional theory (DFT) with dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT), and leveraging symmetry-based indicator theory, we identify CeAgSb$_2$ as a Dirac semimetal. Our investigation reveals that robust Dirac nodal lines (DNLs) in this Kondo system are driven by Kondo interactions and nonsymmorphic lattice symmetries. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the properties of these DNLs are substantially modulated by Kondo behavior across varying temperature regimes. The interacting DNLs in CeAgSb$_2$ represents a rare example of Dirac semimetal under electronic correlations, and the peculiar variation of Dirac fermions with temperature provides theoretical reference for future experimental explorations of novel electronic-correlation effects in topological materials. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Quantum oscillations and nontrivial topology in unfilled skutterudite IrSb3 Yang Yang(杨扬), Xinyao Li(李鑫垚), Feihong Guan(关飞鸿), Majeed Ur Rehman, Wei Ning(宁伟), Xiangde Zhu(朱相德), and Mingliang Tian(田明亮) 2025 (6):  67103-067103.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc7f2 摘要 ( 153 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1828KB) ( 70 )   The unfilled skutterudite family has recently gained attention as a potential platform for hosting Dirac states. In this study, we systematically investigate the transport properties of IrSb$_{3}$ single crystals. Magnetoresistance measurements exhibit prominent Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and negative magnetoresistance at low temperatures. Quantum oscillation analysis extracts a nontrivial Berry phase and confirms a three-dimensional Fermi surface. Additionally, density functional theory calculations indicate the presence of nontrivial topological bands and surface states, suggesting that IrSb$_{3}$ is a topological semimetal. These findings contribute to the growing family of topological materials and provide a platform for further exploration of quantum transport phenomena. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Prolonging carrier lifetime in P-type 4H-SiC epilayer by thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing Ruijun Zhang(张锐军), Mingkun Zhang(张明昆), Guoliang Zhang(张国良), Yujian Chen(陈雨箭), Jia Liu(刘佳), Ziqian Tian(田自谦), Ye Yu(余烨), Peng Zhao(赵鹏), Jiafa Cai(蔡加法), Xiaping Chen(陈厦平), Dingqu Lin(林鼎渠), Shaoxiong Wu(吴少雄), Yuning Zhang(张宇宁), Xingliang Xu(徐星亮), Rongdun Hong(洪荣墩), and Feng Zhang(张峰) 2025 (6):  67201-067201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc407 摘要 ( 159 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1956KB) ( 57 )   A minority carrier lifetime of 25.46 μs in a P-type 4H-SiC epilayer has been attained through sequential thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing. Thermal oxidation can enhance the minority carrier lifetime in the 4H-SiC epilayer by reducing carbon vacancies. However, this process also generates carbon clusters with limited diffusivity and contributes to the enlargement of surface pits on the 4H-SiC. High-temperature hydrogen annealing effectively reduces stacking fault and dislocation density. Moreover, electron spin resonance analysis indicates a significant reduction in carbon vacancy defects after hydrogen annealing. The mechanisms of the elimination of carbon vacancies by hydrogen annealing include the decomposition of carbon clusters formed during thermal oxidation and the low-pressure selective etching by hydrogen, which increases the carbon content on the 4H-SiC surface and facilitates carbon diffusion. Consequently, the combination of thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing eliminates carbon vacancies more effectively, substantially enhancing the minority carrier lifetime in P-type 4H-SiC. This improvement is advantageous for the application of high-voltage SiC bipolar devices. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Planar Hall effect without chiral anomaly in layered topological semimetal candidate GaGeTe Cheng Wang(王成), Ankang Zhu(朱安康), Ziyi Fan(范子怡), Peng Huang(黄鹏), Xue Liu(刘学), Xuegang Chen(陈学刚), Yuyan Han(韩玉岩), Zheng Chen(陈正), Xiangde Zhu(朱相德), Mingliang Tian(田明亮), and Wenshuai Gao(高文帅) 2025 (6):  67202-067202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc65c 摘要 ( 180 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(1678KB) ( 81 )   We systematically investigate the planar transport properties of the two-dimensional layered compound GaGeTe. The results reveal distinct anisotropies in both the longitudinal and planar Hall resistances as the magnetic field is rotated within the plane, which are well-captured by the planar Hall effect (PHE) model. Further analysis indicates that the primary contribution to the PHE in GaGeTe arises from its ferromagnetic component and anisotropic orbital resistance, rather than topologically nontrivial chiral anomaly. This work deepens our understanding of the PHE mechanism and offers valuable insights for the development of planar Hall sensors based on two-dimensional materials. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Random flux manipulating topological phase transitions in Chern insulators Jinkun Wang(王锦坤) and Wu-Ming Liu(刘伍明) 2025 (6):  67301-067301.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc36a 摘要 ( 150 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1790KB) ( 63 )   We investigate the localization and topological properties of the Haldane model under the influence of random flux and Anderson disorder. Our localization analysis reveals that random flux induces a transition from insulating to metallic states, while Anderson localization only arises under the modulation of Anderson disorder. By employing real-space topological invariant methods, we demonstrates that the system undergoes topological phase transitions under different disorder manipulations, whereas random flux modulation uniquely induces topological Anderson insulator phases, with the potential to generate states with opposite Chern numbers. These findings highlight the distinct roles of disorder in shaping the interplay between topology and localization, providing insights into stabilizing topological states and designing robust topological quantum materials. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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In-plane optical anisotropy of InGaN/GaN quantum disks in nanowires investigated by reflectance difference spectroscopy Tingting Wei(韦婷婷), Jinling Yu(俞金玲), Zhu Diao, Zhaonan Li(李兆男), Shuying Cheng(程树英), Yunfeng Lai(赖云锋), Yonghai Chen(陈涌海), and Chao Zhao(赵超) 2025 (6):  67302-067302.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc6f4 摘要 ( 123 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(734KB) ( 65 )   The in-plane optical anisotropy (IPOA) of $c$-plane InGaN/GaN quantum disks (Qdisks) in nanowires grown on MoS$_2$/Mo and Ti/Mo substrates is investigated using reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS) at room temperature. A large IPOA related to defect or impurity states is observed. The IPOA of samples grown on MoS$_2$/Mo is approximately one order of magnitude larger than that of samples grown on Ti/Mo substrates. Numerical calculations based on the envelope function approximation have been performed to analyze the origin of the IPOA. It is found that the IPOA primarily results from the segregation of indium atoms in the InGaN/GaN Qdisks. This work highlights the significant influence of substrate materials on the IPOA of semiconductor heterostructures. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Modulating electronic properties of carbon nanotube via constructing one-dimensional vdW heterostructures Wenqi Lv(吕雯祺), Weili Li(李伟立), Wei Ji(季威), and Yanning Zhang(张妍宁) 2025 (6):  67303-067303.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc406 摘要 ( 153 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(3350KB) ( 64 )   Controlling charge polarity in the semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by substitutional doping is a difficult work due to their extremely strong C-C bonding. In this work, an inner doping strategy is explored by filling CNTs with one-dimensional (1D)-$TM_{6}$Te$_{6}$ nanowires to form $TM_{6}$Te$_{6}$@CNT-(16,0) 1D van der Waals heterostructures (1D-vdWHs). The systematic first-principles studies on the electronic properties of 1D-vdWHs show that N-type doping CNTs can be formed by charge transfer from $TM_{6}$Te$_{6}$ nanowires to CNTs, without introducing additional carrier scattering. Particularly, contribution from both $TM$ (e.g., Sc and Y) and Te atoms strengthens the charge transfer. The outside CNTs further confine the dispersion of Te-p orbitals in nanowires that deforms the C-$\pi $ states at the bottom of the conduction band to quasi sp$^{3}$ hybridization. Our study provides an inner doping strategy that can effectively confine the charge polarity of CNTs and further broaden its applications in some novel nano-devices. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Low leakage current β-Ga2O3 MOS capacitors with ALD deposited Al2O3 gate dielectric using ozone as precursor Zheng-Yi Liao(廖正一), Pai-Wen Fang(方湃文), Xing Lu(卢星), Gang Wang(王钢), and Yan-Li Pei(裴艳丽) 2025 (6):  67304-067304.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc660 摘要 ( 135 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1015KB) ( 62 )   Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a key structure for high performance MOS field transistors (MOSFETs), requiring low leakage current, high breakdown voltage, and low interface states. In this paper, $\beta $-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ MOS capacitors were fabricated with ALD deposited Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ using H$_{2}$O or ozone (O$_{3}$) as precursors. Compared with the Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ gate dielectric with H$_{2}$O as ALD precursor, the leakage current for the O$_{3}$ precursor case is decreased by two orders of magnitude, while it keeps the same level at the fixed charges, interface state density, and border traps. The SIMS tests show that Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ with O$_{3}$ as precursor contains more carbon impurities. The current transport mechanism analysis suggests that the C-H complex in Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ with O$_{3}$ precursor serves as deep energy trap to reduce the leakage current. These results indicate that the Al$_{2}$O$_{3}/\beta $-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ MOS capacitor using the O$_{3}$ precursor has a low leakage current and holds potential for application in $\beta $-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ MOSFETs. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Strongly tunable Ising superconductivity in van der Waals NbSe2-xTex nanosheets Jingyuan Qu(曲静远), Guojing Hu(胡国静), Cuili Xiang(向翠丽), Hui Guo(郭辉), Senhao Lv(吕森浩), Yechao Han(韩烨超), Guoyu Xian(冼国裕), Qi Qi(齐琦), Zhen Zhao(赵振), Ke Zhu(祝轲), Xiao Lin(林晓), Lihong Bao(鲍丽宏), Yongjin Zou(邹勇进), Lixian Sun(孙立贤), Haitao Yang(杨海涛), and Hong-Jun Gao(高鸿钧) 2025 (6):  67401-067401.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc7f4 摘要 ( 199 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1470KB) ( 185 )   Ising superconductivity, induced by the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and inversion symmetry breaking, can lead to the in-plane upper critical field exceeding the Pauli limit and hold significant potential for advancing the study of topological superconductivity. However, the enhancement of Ising superconductivity is still a challenging problem, important for engineering Majorana fermions and exploring topological quantum computing. In this study, we investigated the superconducting properties of a series of van der Waals NbSe$_{2-x}$Te$_{x}$ nanosheets. The Ising superconductivity in NbSe$_{2-x}$Te$_{x}$ nanosheets can be significantly enhanced by the substitution of Te, an element with strong SOC. The fitted in-plane upper critical field of NbSe$_{1.5}$Te$_{0.5}$ nanosheets at absolute zero temperature reaches up to 3.2 times the Pauli limit. Angular dependence of magnetoresistance measurements reveals a distinct two-fold rotational symmetry in the superconducting transition region, highlighting the role of strong SOC. In addition, the fitting results of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition and the two-dimensional (2D) Tinkham formula provide strong evidence for 2D superconductivity. These findings offer new perspectives for the design and modulation of the Ising superconducting state and pave the way for their potential applications in topological superconductivity and quantum technologies. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Dimensional crossover from quasi-2D to 3D superconductivity in (Li,Fe)OHFeSe1-xSx driven by chemical pressure Yuxin Ma(马宇欣), Munan Hao(郝木难), Qi Li(李琦), Ke Ma(马克), Haodong Li(李浩东), Duo Zhang(张铎), Ruijin Sun(孙瑞锦), Shifeng Jin(金士锋), and Changchun Zhao(赵长春) 2025 (6):  67402-067402.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc404 摘要 ( 131 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2500KB) ( 87 )   The interplay between dimensionality and superconductivity is a central theme in understanding the behavior of low-dimensional superconductors. In this work, we investigate the dimensional crossover from quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) to three-dimensional (3D) superconductivity in (Li,Fe)OHFeSe$_{1-x}$S$_{x}$ single crystals driven by sulfur doping. Through detailed structural, electrical, and magnetic characterization, we identify a critical doping level ($x = 0.53$) where the system transitions from quasi-2D to 3D superconducting behavior. Reduced superconducting fluctuations and non-Fermi liquid behavior near this critical point suggest the presence of competition between intralayer and interlayer pairing mechanisms. Fluctuation conductivity analysis reveals that the coherence length along the $c$-axis, $\zeta_{c}(0)$, and the interlayer coupling strength, $\varGamma $, increase significantly at $x = 0.53$, marking the onset of 3D superconductivity. These findings provide new insights into the role of dimensionality and interlayer coupling in modulating superconducting properties, positioning (Li,Fe)OHFeSe$_{1-x}$S$_{x}$ as a unique platform for exploring crossover physics in iron-based superconductors. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Orbital magnetic field effect on spin waves in a triangular lattice tetrahedral antiferromagnetic insulator Pi-Ye Zhou(周丕烨), Xiao-Hui Li(李晓慧), and Yuan Wan(万源) 2025 (6):  67501-067501.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adca1f 摘要 ( 125 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(779KB) ( 56 )   We theoretically study the effect of a uniform orbital magnetic field on spin waves in a triangular lattice tetrahedral antiferromagnetic insulator without spin-orbit coupling. Through symmetry analysis and microscopic calculation, we show that the optical spin wave mode at the Brillouin zone center can acquire a small orbital magnetic moment, although it exhibits no magnetic moment from the Zeeman coupling. Our results are potentially applicable to intercalated van der Waals materials and twisted double-bilayer graphene. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Crystal structure, magnetic properties, and tunable Kondo effect in a new compound Nd5ScSb12 Yi-Ran Li(李祎冉), Na Li(李娜), Ping Su(苏平), Hui Liang(梁慧), Kai-Yuan Hu(胡开源), Ying Zhou(周颖), Dan-Dan Wu(吴丹丹), Yan Sun(孙燕), Qiu-Ju Li(李秋菊), Xia Zhao(赵霞), Xue-Feng Sun(孙学峰), and Yi-Yan Wang(王义炎) 2025 (6):  67502-067502.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc2df 摘要 ( 147 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1668KB) ( 56 )   The exploration and synthesis of new materials are important for materials science and condensed matter physics. Here, we report the crystal structure, magnetic properties, and electrical transport properties of the single crystals of Nd$_5$ScSb$_{12}$, which is a quasi-one-dimensional new compound. Nd$_5$ScSb$_{12}$ exhibits antiferromagnetic transition in both directions perpendicular and parallel to the long axis. Moreover, the magnetic field-dependent magnetization reveals two metamagnetic transitions. The electrical transport properties have been measured on the same sample but with different measurement lengths between the electrodes of the voltage. The resistivity exhibits the metallic behavior. At low temperatures, the Kondo effect and negative transverse magnetoresistance (MR) ($B \perp I$) have been observed. Interestingly, the measurement length has a significant impact on the Kondo effect and negative MR, providing an intuitive new approach to regulate the Kondo effect. As the measurement length increases, the Kondo effect and negative MR become more pronounced. This not only indicates that the interaction between magnetic impurities and conduction electrons dominates the electrical transport of Nd$_5$ScSb$_{12}$ at low temperatures, but also confirms that the negative MR originates from the suppression of the Kondo effect. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Complex magnetic and transport properties of EuBi2 single crystal Ping Su(苏平), Hui Liang(梁慧), Yi-Ran Li(李祎冉), Huan Wang(王欢), Na Li(李娜), Kai-Yuan Hu(胡开源), Ying Zhou(周颖), Dan-Dan Wu(吴丹丹), Yan Sun(孙燕), Qiu-Ju Li(李秋菊), Jin-Jin Hong(洪锦锦), Xia Zhao(赵霞), Xue-Feng Sun(孙学峰), and Yi-Yan Wang(王义炎) 2025 (6):  67503-067503.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adca17 摘要 ( 158 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1608KB) ( 134 )   We report the magnetic and transport properties of EuBi$_2$ single crystal. EuBi$_2$ exhibits complex magnetic behavior at low temperatures. In both the in-plane and out-of-plane directions, three antiferromagnetic (AFM) transitions have been observed at $T_{{\rm N1}}$ $\sim$ 18.9 K, $T_{{\rm N2}} \sim 7.0 $ K, and $T_{{\rm N3}} \sim 3.1 $ K. Among them, the transitions at $T_{{\rm N2}}$ and $T_{{\rm N3}}$ represent the canted AFM orders with ferromagnetic components. As the magnetic field increases, the transition at $T_{{\rm N3}}$ is rapidly suppressed to disappearance. However, the transitions at $T_{{\rm N1}}$ and $T_{{\rm N2}}$ persist until high fields and their signatures can also be reflected in the resistivity and specific heat. Above the magnetic transition temperature $T_{{\rm N1}}$, the resistivity of EuBi$_2$ increases linearly with temperature, exhibiting the strange-metal behavior. In the magnetically ordered region below $T_{{\rm N1}}$, EuBi$_2$ exhibits the weak antilocalization (WAL) effect and large magnetoresistance (475% at 1.8 K and 14 T). It is suggested that the magnetic ordering significantly enhances the spin-orbital coupling interaction and induces the WAL effect. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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A design for an antiferromagnetic material based on self-assembly for information storage Si-Yan Gao(高思妍), Yi-Feng Zheng(郑益峰), Shu-Qiang He(何述强), Haiping Fang(方海平), and Yue-Yu Zhang(张越宇) 2025 (6):  67504-067504.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc6f5 摘要 ( 150 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1201KB) ( 61 )   Antiferromagnetic (AFM) spintronics have sparked extensive research interest in the field of information storage due to the considerable advantages offered by antiferromagnets, including non-volatile data storage, higher storage density, and accelerating data processing. However, the manipulation and detection of internal AFM order in antiferromagnets hinders their applications in spintronic devices. Here, we proposed a design idea for an AFM material that is self-assembled from one-dimensional (1D) ferromagnetic (FM) chains. To validate this idea, we screened a two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled CrBr$_{2}$ antiferromagnet of an AFM semiconductor from a large amount of data. This 2D CrBr$_{2}$ antiferromagnet is composed of 1D FM CrBr$_{2}$ chains that are arranged in a staggered and parallel configuration. In this type of antiferromagnet, the write-data operation of information is achieved in 1D FM chains, followed by a self-assembly process driving the assembly of 1D FM chains into an antiferromagnet. These constituent 1D FM chains become decoupled by external perturbations, such as heat, pressure, strain, etc., thereby realizing the read-data operation of information. We anticipate that this antiferromagnet, composed of 1D FM chains, can be realized not only in the 1D to 2D system, but also is expected to expand to 2D to three-dimensional (3D) system, and even 1D to 3D system. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Molecular dynamics simulations of ferroelectricity in P(VDF-TrFE) Mengyuan Tang(唐梦圆), Chuhan Tang(唐楚涵), Sheng-Yi Xie(谢声意), and Fuxiang Li(李福祥) 2025 (6):  67701-067701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adbbc1 摘要 ( 154 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(957KB) ( 61 )   Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) is a derivative of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), known for its excellent ferroelectric properties, optical characteristics, chemical stability, and flexibility, making it a promising material for applications in electronic devices. In this study, the polarization switching mechanism of the $\beta$-phase of P(VDF-TrFE) is investigated using the polarized crystal charge method, along with molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results show that the saturation polarization value is approximately 5.3 μC/cm$^{2}$, and a coercive field of around 0.5 V/nm is required to switch its polarization states. By fitting the polarization reversal curve with the Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi model, it is observed that the data in the asymptotic and switching regions closely align with the predictions of the model, and the Avrami index $n$ consistently ranges between 1 and 2. The polarization reversal is completed within approximately 10 ps, demonstrating high-speed dynamic behavior. Additionally, we predict that the ferroelectric phase transition occurs between 420 K and 430 K, with stable polarization performance maintained over a wide temperature range, which is consistent with experimental results. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Al-Zr dual-doping enhancing the electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn2O4 cathodes Wei Wu(吴伟), Yuhui Cui(崔煜辉), Yuxin Zheng(郑雨欣), Fei Huang(黄飞), Hong Li(李泓), and Liang Yin(尹良) 2025 (6):  68201-068201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc085 摘要 ( 112 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(3061KB) ( 66 )   LiMn$_{2}$O$_{4}$ (LMO) represents one of the most prevalent cathode materials utilized in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), yet its broader application is often hampered by its limited achievable capacity and significant capacity degradation during cycling. In this work, a novel dual-doping strategy involving Al$^{3+}$ and Zr$^{4+}$ ions has been employed to refine the atomic structure of LMO's spinel framework. The resultant dual-doped material, Li$_{1.06}$Mn$_{1.97}$Zr$_{0.01}$Al$_{0.02}$O$_{4}$, exhibits enhanced electrochemical properties, boasting a discharge capacity of 124.9 mAh/g at a rate of 0.1 C. Furthermore, the formation of stronger Al-O and Zr-O bonds contributes to the stabilization of the delithiated LMO structure. Impressively, 97.7% of its initial capacity is retained after 100 cycles at a 5 C rate. Additionally, enhancements in rate performance and high-temperature cycling stability have also been observed. This study underscores the potential of Al$^{3+}$ and Zr$^{4+}$ dual-doping as a promising approach to enhance LMO cathodes, providing a scalable and efficient means of improving the performance of lithium manganese oxide cathode materials through the incorporation of multiple ions. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Simulation of the non-Hermitian Kitaev chain by electrical circuits Jiali Xu(徐佳莉), Hao Geng(耿昊), Abdul Wahab, Xiaosen Yang(杨孝森), Yuee Xie(谢月娥), and Yuanping Chen(陈元平) 2025 (6):  68401-068401.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adbedb 摘要 ( 144 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2026KB) ( 114 )   We investigate the topological properties of the non-Hermitian Kitaev chain by exploiting the versatility of the circuit. We implement non-reciprocal coupling through a negative impedance converter with current inversion (INIC). By conducting impedance measurements between neighboring nodes, we identify both topologically non-trivial and trivial phases within the circuit's admittance band dispersion under open boundary conditions (OBC). Our analysis of complex admittance spectra reveals differences when comparing circuits with periodic boundary conditions (PBC) to those with OBC. Furthermore, we observe ${Z_2}$ skin effects and Majorana zero modes in the topologically non-trivial phases, which are robust against disorders. Notably, the admittance spectra exhibit remarkable sensitivity to the attenuation of the boundary coupling strength. This AC circuit system serves as a promising platform for investigating topological phenomena, opening avenues for the development of functional devices across various application scenarios. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Marked improvement of photoelectric response performance based on CNTF/AgNSF/PZT pyroelectric photodetector: A comprehensive study Bocheng Lv(吕博成), Xiyu Hong(洪熹宇), Jinquan Wei(韦进全), Mohsin Rafique, and Zhe Li(李哲) 2025 (6):  68402-068402.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adbf83 摘要 ( 100 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2944KB) ( 50 )   Pyroelectric materials, known for their ability to convert thermal energy into electrical signals, have garnered significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications. In this work, we report the fabrication of high-performance pyroelectric photodetectors utilizing a heterostructure of carbon nanotube film (CNTF) and silver nanostructure film (AgNSF) on a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) substrate. The resulting device exhibits an impressive broad-spectrum photoelectric response, covering wavelengths from ultraviolet to near-infrared, with a responsivity range of 0.49 ${\rm V}\cdot{\rm W}^{-1}$-1.01 ${\rm V}\cdot{\rm W}^{-1}$ and a fast response time of 8 ms-40 ms. The enhanced photoelectric properties of the CNTF/AgNSF/PZT composite suggest its strong potential for applications in advanced broadband photodetectors, positioning this material system as a promising candidate for next-generation optoelectronic devices. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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A high-sensitivity deep-junction single-photon detector for near-infrared imaging Yuanhao Bi(毕元昊), Dajing Bian(卞大井), Ming Li(李铭), and Yue Xu(徐跃) 2025 (6):  68501-068501.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc40b 摘要 ( 136 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1095KB) ( 71 )   A near-infrared (NIR) enhanced silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector is proposed using 0.18 μm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS technology. It is based on a deep multiplication region, formed by a junction between the high-voltage P-well (HVPW) and high-voltage buried N$+$ layer, to enhance the NIR photon detection probability (PDP). Thanks to the lightly doped P-type epitaxial layer, the electric field in the guard ring is reduced and premature breakdown is prevented. In particular, an extra P-type implantation layer (PIL) is added to the HVPW to reduce the breakdown voltage and enhance the device's sensitivity. Further research on the impact of different PIL sizes on the device performance is carried out. It is experimentally shown that at an excess bias voltage of 5 V, the optimized SPAD achieves a dark count rate of 0.64 cps/μm$^2$, peak PDP of 54.8% at 555 nm and PDP of 10.53% at 905 nm. The full width at half-maximum of the timing jitter is 285 ps, and the afterpulsing probability is lower than 1.17%. This novel device provides a practical, low-cost solution for high-performance NIR time-of-flight detectors and 3D imaging sensors. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Depolymerization mechanism of microtubule revealed by nucleotide-dependent changes of longitudinal and lateral interactions Bingbing Zhang(张冰冰), Ziling Huo(霍子玲), Jiaxi Li(李佳希), Jingyu Qin(覃静宇), and Yizhao Geng(耿轶钊) 2025 (6):  68702-068702.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc369 摘要 ( 156 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(8084KB) ( 66 )   Microtubules are one kind of cytoskeleton that is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and is essential for various biological processes, such as intracellular transport, maintenance of cell morphology and cell division. Microtubules are dynamic structures and the basic unit of microtubules is the heterodimer composed of $\alpha$-tubulin and $\beta $-tubulin. The biological function of microtubules is based on their dynamic polymerization and depolymerization. However, the nucleotide-dependent depolymerization mechanism of microtubules is still unclear. The dynamic instability of microtubules is determined by the interactions between tubulins. In this work, the interactions between tubulins in the microtubule lattice (GDP at the interdimer interface) and in the special GTP-cap structure (GTP at the interdimer interface) are systematically investigated using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation method. The analysis of the tubulin-tubulin and nucleotide-tubulin interactions and binding free energy at different interfaces of microtubule shows that the hydrolysis of GTP can affect the longitudinal interaction between $\alpha$-tubulin and $\beta $-tubulin at the interdimer interface and the lateral interaction between $\beta $-tubulins. In particular, the displacement of M loop of $\beta $-tubulin induced by GTP hydrolysis weakens the lateral interaction between $\beta $-tubulins. Based on these results, a nucleotide-dependent depolymerization mechanism of microtubule induced by GTP hydrolysis is proposed. 参考文献 | 补充材料 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Adaptive regulation effectively mitigates the spread of rumors Fu-Zhong Nian(年福忠), Zhen Wang(王震), and Yi Jia(贾怡) 2025 (6):  68703-068703.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adbee3 摘要 ( 145 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(4683KB) ( 49 )   Regulation plays a pivotal role in mitigating the spread of rumors, serving as a vital tool for maintaining social stability and facilitating its evolution. A central challenge lies in establishing an effective regulatory framework despite limited resources available for combating rumor propagation. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a dynamic and adaptive regulatory system. First, based on observed regulatory patterns in real-world social networks, the rumor propagation process is divided into two distinct phases: regulation and intervention. Regulatory intensity is introduced as an indicator of user state transitions. Unlike traditional, non-adaptive regulatory models that allocate costs uniformly, the adaptive model facilitates flexible cost distribution through a manageable individual regulatory intensity. Moreover, by introducing adaptive strength, the two cost allocation models are integrated within a unified framework, leading to the development of a dynamic model for rumor suppression. Finally, simulation experiments on Barabási-Albert (BA) networks demonstrate that the adaptive regulatory mechanism significantly reduces both the scope and duration of rumor propagation. Furthermore, when traditional non-adaptive regulatory models show limited effectiveness, the adaptive model effectively curbs rumor propagation by optimizing cost allocation between regulatory and intervention processes, and by adjusting per-unit cost benefit differentials. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Effects of information and policy regulation on green behavior propagation in multilayer networks: Modeling, analysis, and optimal allocation Xian-Li Sun(孙先莉), and Ling-Hua Zhang(张玲华) 2025 (6):  68704-068704.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adbedf 摘要 ( 117 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1261KB) ( 73 )   As the economy grows, environmental issues are becoming increasingly severe, making the promotion of green behavior more urgent. Information dissemination and policy regulation play crucial roles in influencing and amplifying the spread of green behavior across society. To this end, a novel three-layer model in multilayer networks is proposed. In the novel model, the information layer describes green information spreading, the physical contact layer depicts green behavior propagation, and policy regulation is symbolized by an isolated node beneath the two layers. Then, we deduce the green behavior threshold for the three-layer model using the microscopic Markov chain approach. Moreover, subject to some individuals who are more likely to influence others or become green nodes and the limitations of the capacity of policy regulation, an optimal scheme is given that could optimize policy interventions to most effectively prompt green behavior. Subsequently, simulations are performed to validate the preciseness and theoretical results of the new model. It reveals that policy regulation can prompt the prevalence and outbreak of green behavior. Then, the green behavior is more likely to spread and be prevalent in the SF network than in the ER network. Additionally, optimal allocation is highly successful in facilitating the dissemination of green behavior. In practice, the optimal allocation strategy could prioritize interventions at critical nodes or regions, such as highly connected urban areas, where the impact of green behavior promotion would be most significant. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Understanding subway passenger alighting and boarding dynamics: Experiments and modelling Chenrui Xuan(宣陈锐), Yuxin Li(李雨欣), Yu Wang(汪裕), Eric Wai Ming Lee(李伟明), Yi Ma(马毅), and Wei Xie(谢玮) 2025 (6):  68901-068901.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc7ec 摘要 ( 131 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(3213KB) ( 84 )   Efficiency and safety are paramount concerns for commuters, operators, and designers in subway stations. This study conducted controlled experiments and developed a modified force-based model to investigate the dynamics of pedestrian counterflow at bottlenecks, utilizing subway passenger alighting and boarding as a case study. Specifically, the efficiency and safety of three distinct movement modes: the cooperative mode (Coop), the combination of cooperative and competitive mode (C & C), and the competitive mode (Comp), were examined and compared. The experimental findings revealed that the C & C mode exhibited a clear lane formation phenomenon and demonstrated a higher flow rate than the Comp and Coop modes. This observation suggests that a combination of cooperative and competitive behaviors among pedestrians can positively enhance traffic efficiency and safety during the alighting and boarding process. In contrast, pedestrians exhibited increased detouring in their paths and more fluctuating trajectories in the Comp mode. Additionally, a questionnaire survey assessing the level of competition and cooperation among pedestrians provided a comprehensive analysis of the psychological dynamics of passengers during the alighting and boarding activities. Lastly, the proposed force-based model was calibrated and validated, demonstrating a good performance in accurately replicating the overall characteristics of the experimental process. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into enhancing the pedestrian traffic efficiency and safety within subway systems. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Influence of negative information dissemination and vaccination behavioral decision-making on epidemic spreading in a three-layer network Liang’an Huo(霍良安) and Leyao Yin(尹乐瑶) 2025 (6):  68902-068902.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc402 摘要 ( 135 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1420KB) ( 63 )   Information plays a crucial role in guiding behavioral decisions during public health emergencies. Individuals communicate to acquire relevant knowledge about an epidemic, which influences their decisions to adopt protective measures. However, whether to disseminate specific information is also a behavioral decision. In light of this understanding, we develop a coupled information-vaccination-epidemic model to depict these co-evolutionary dynamics in a three-layer network. Negative information dissemination and vaccination are treated as separate decision-making processes. We then examine the combined effects of herd and risk motives on information dissemination and vaccination decisions through the lens of game theory. The microscopic Markov chain approach (MMCA) is used to describe the dynamic process and to derive the epidemic threshold. Simulation results indicate that increasing the cost of negative information dissemination and providing timely clarification can effectively control the epidemic. Furthermore, a phenomenon of diminishing marginal utility is observed as the cost of dissemination increases, suggesting that authorities do not need to overinvest in suppressing negative information. Conversely, reducing the cost of vaccination and increasing vaccine efficacy emerge as more effective strategies for outbreak control. In addition, we find that the scale of the epidemic is greater when the herd motive dominates behavioral decision-making. In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective for understanding the complexity of epidemic spreading by starting with the construction of different behavioral decisions. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Zero-determinant game design for preventing double-spending in IOTA Yin-Feng Chen(陈银凤) and Zhong-Hua Fu(付中华) 2025 (6):  68904-068904.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/add50e 摘要 ( 140 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(693KB) ( 73 )   The Internet of Things Application (IOTA) is an innovative public blockchain system tailored for the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on challenges such as micro-payments, concurrency, and scalability. However, its distributed ledger, which utilizes a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure, is vulnerable to double-spending attacks. To mitigate this risk, we propose a countermeasure employing zero-determinant (ZD) strategies to encourage honest transactions among nodes. First, we analyze the game-theoretic interactions between the IOTA committee and nodes, modeling them as an iterated prisoner's dilemma and deriving the conditions under which this dilemma holds. Next, we explore the conditions under which the IOTA committee can adopt ZD strategies, demonstrating the feasibility of unilaterally controlling node payoffs. Finally, theoretical analysis and experimental validation confirm the effectiveness of the proposed countermeasure, offering a novel game-theoretic solution for enhancing IOTA's security. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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JCMT observations of CO, SO2, and a U-line in circumstellar envelopes of four O-rich AGB stars Yanan Feng(冯亚楠), Xiaohu Li(李小虎), Sheng-Li Qin(秦胜利), Tom J. Millar, Ryszard Szczerba, Zhenzhen Miao(苗珍珍), and Juan Tuo(庹娟) 2025 (6):  69701-069701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adbedc 摘要 ( 99 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(566KB) ( 54 )   The circumstellar envelopes (CSE) of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are abundant in molecular emissions, offering valuable insights into the physical and chemical conditions of these evolving stars. In this paper, we report observations of two molecules (CO and SO$_2$) toward four O-rich AGB stars using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). We detected an unusual SO$_2$ spectral feature comprising both broad and narrow components in IK Tau and AP Lyn. The broad line profiles may originate from thermal molecular emission, while the narrow profiles could come from other species (or masers) or astrophysical phenomena occurring within the CSEs of the AGB stars, such as episodic mass loss, bipolar outflows, or emissions associated with the complex physical processes near the central star. The narrow lines of SO$_2$ may also arise from vibrationally excited emissions. Additionally, we observed the same U-line in both TX Cam and IK Tau, which may originate from the molecule N$^{17}$O. We analyzed the identified molecular lines using rotational diagrams to determine their excitation temperatures, column densities, and fractional abundances. This information aids in the constructing of reliable astrochemical models for a more detailed examination of the target stars. The narrow component of the SO$_2$ line suggests unusual astrophysical phenomena, making IK Tau and AP Lyn particularly intriguing for further investigation to fully understand the physical processes at play in these sources. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标