关键词: Li-ion battery, cathode, LiMn$_{2}$O$_{4}$, dual-doping

Abstract: LiMn$_{2}$O$_{4}$ (LMO) represents one of the most prevalent cathode materials utilized in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), yet its broader application is often hampered by its limited achievable capacity and significant capacity degradation during cycling. In this work, a novel dual-doping strategy involving Al$^{3+}$ and Zr$^{4+}$ ions has been employed to refine the atomic structure of LMO's spinel framework. The resultant dual-doped material, Li$_{1.06}$Mn$_{1.97}$Zr$_{0.01}$Al$_{0.02}$O$_{4}$, exhibits enhanced electrochemical properties, boasting a discharge capacity of 124.9 mAh/g at a rate of 0.1 C. Furthermore, the formation of stronger Al-O and Zr-O bonds contributes to the stabilization of the delithiated LMO structure. Impressively, 97.7% of its initial capacity is retained after 100 cycles at a 5 C rate. Additionally, enhancements in rate performance and high-temperature cycling stability have also been observed. This study underscores the potential of Al$^{3+}$ and Zr$^{4+}$ dual-doping as a promising approach to enhance LMO cathodes, providing a scalable and efficient means of improving the performance of lithium manganese oxide cathode materials through the incorporation of multiple ions.

Key words: Li-ion battery, cathode, LiMn$_{2}$O$_{4}$, dual-doping