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2020年, 第29卷, 第7期　刊出日期：2020-07-05 上一期    下一期

GENERAL

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The impact of honesty and trickery on a Bayesian quantum prisoners' dilemma game 刘博阳, 赵鑫, 戴宏毅, 张明, 廖鹰, 郭晓峰, 郜伟 2020 (7):  70201-070201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8c3c 摘要 ( 725 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(569KB) ( 108 )   To explore the influence of quantum information on the common social problem of honesty and trickery, we propose a Bayesian model for the quantum prisoners' dilemma game. In this model, the players' strategy formation is regarded as a negotiation of their move contract based on their types of decision policies, honesty or trickery. Although the implementation of quantum information cannot eliminate tricky players, players in our model can always end up with higher payoffs than in the classical game. For a good proportion of a credibility parameter value, a rational player will take an honest action, which is in remarkable contrast to the observation that players tend to defect in the classical prisoners' dilemma game. This research suggests that honesty will be promoted to enhance cooperation with the assistance of quantum information resources. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Improved hybrid parallel strategy for density matrix renormalization group method 陈富州, 程晨, 罗洪刚 2020 (7):  70202-070202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8a42 摘要 ( 686 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(493KB) ( 135 )   We propose a new heterogeneous parallel strategy for the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method in the hybrid architecture with both central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU). Focusing on the two most time-consuming sections in the finite DMRG sweeps, i.e., the diagonalization of superblock and the truncation of subblock, we optimize our previous hybrid algorithm to achieve better performance. For the former, we adopt OpenMP application programming interface on CPU and use our own subroutines with higher bandwidth on GPU. For the later, we use GPU to accelerate matrix and vector operations involving the reduced density matrix. Applying the parallel scheme to the Hubbard model with next-nearest hopping on the 4-leg ladder, we compute the ground state of the system and obtain the charge stripe pattern which is usually observed in high temperature superconductors. Based on simulations with different numbers of DMRG kept states, we show significant performance improvement and computational time reduction with the optimized parallel algorithm. Our hybrid parallel strategy with superiority in solving the ground state of quasi-two dimensional lattices is also expected to be useful for other DMRG applications with large numbers of kept states, e.g., the time dependent DMRG algorithms. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Single-photon scattering controlled by an imperfect cavity 段立伟, 陈庆虎 2020 (7):  70301-070301.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90ee 摘要 ( 681 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(691KB) ( 159 )   We study the single-photon transport in the coupled-resonator waveguide (CRW) controlled by an imperfect cavity. A Lorentzian spectrum is introduced to describe the dissipation. We find that the probability current conservation can be broken, although the imperfect cavity is a Hermitian system. The coupling strength between the imperfect cavity and the CRW has significant influences near the resonant frequency. With the increase of the coupling strength, the transmission coefficient becomes smaller. The spectral width plays a dominant role under the off-resonant condition, where the transmission coefficient is greatly suppressed with the increase of the spectral width. We also observe an abrupt jump of the transmission and reflection coefficients when the hopping amplitude is large enough. All the distinctive behaviors are closely related to the complex effective potential induced by the imperfect cavity. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Exact solution of the (1+2)-dimensional generalized Kemmer oscillator in the cosmic string background with the magnetic field 杨毅, 蔡绍洪, 隆正文, 陈浩, 龙超云 2020 (7):  70302-070302.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab888e 摘要 ( 785 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(446KB) ( 185 )   We study a two-dimensional generalized Kemmer oscillator in the cosmic string spacetime with the magnetic field to better understand the contribution from gravitational field caused by topology defects, and present the exact solutions to the generalized Kemmer equation in the cosmic string with the Morse potential and Coulomb-liked potential through using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method and biconfluent Heun equation method, respectively. Our results give the topological defect's correction for the wave function, energy spectrum and motion equation, and show that the energy levels of the generalized Kemmer oscillator rely on the angular deficit α connected with the linear mass density m of the cosmic string and characterized the metric's structure in the cosmic string spacetime. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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One-decoy state reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution 李想, 远华伟, 张春梅, 王琴 2020 (7):  70303-070303.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90f6 摘要 ( 764 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(350KB) ( 140 )   Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-QKD) has been proven to be very useful and practical under realistic environment. Here, we present a scheme for one-decoy state RFI-QKD based on the work of Rusca et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 112, 171104 (2018)], and carry out investigation on its performance under realistic experimental conditions. Numerical simulation results show that the one-decoy state RFI-QKD can achieve comparable performance in terms of secret key rate and transmission distance as the two-decoy state correspondence under practical experimental conditions. On contrast, it does not need to prepare the vacuum state in the former case, substantially reducing the experimental complexity and random number consumptions. Therefore, our present proposal seems very promising in practical implementations of RFI-QKD. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Tighter constraints of multiqubit entanglementin terms of Rényi-α entropy 郭梦丽, 李波, 王志玺, 费少明 2020 (7):  70304-070304.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8e2e 摘要 ( 710 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(429KB) ( 100 )   Quantum entanglement plays essential roles in quantum information processing. The monogamy and polygamy relations characterize the entanglement distributions in the multipartite systems. We present a class of monogamy inequalities related to the μ-th power of the entanglement measure based on Rényi-α entropy, as well as polygamy relations in terms of the μ-th power of Rényi-α entanglement of assistance. These monogamy and polygamy relations are shown to be tighter than the existing ones. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Suppression of Coriolis error in weak equivalence principle test using 85Rb-87Rb dual-species atom interferometer 段维涛, 何川, 闫思彤, 冀宇航, 周林, 陈曦, 王谨, 詹明生 2020 (7):  70305-070305.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab969a 摘要 ( 666 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(746KB) ( 182 )   Coriolis effect is an important error source in the weak equivalence principle (WEP) test using atom interferometer. In this paper, the problem of Coriolis error in WEP test is studied theoretically and experimentally. In theoretical simulation, the Coriolis effect is analyzed by establishing an error model. The measurement errors of Eötvös coefficient (η) in WEP test related to experimental parameters, such as horizontal-velocity difference and horizontal-position difference of atomic clouds, horizontal-position difference of detectors, and rotation compensation of Raman laser's mirror are calculated. In experimental investigation, the position difference between 85Rb and 87Rb atomic clouds is reduced to 0.1 mm by optimizing the experimental parameters, an alternating detection method is used to suppress the error caused by detection position difference, thus the Coriolis error related to the atomic clouds and detectors is reduced to 1.1×10-9. This Coriolis error is further corrected by compensating the rotation of Raman laser's mirror, and the total uncertainty of η measurement related to the Coriolis effect is reduced as δη=4.4×10 -11. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Probe of topological invariants using quantum walks of a trapped ion in coherent state space 蒙雅, 梅锋, 陈刚, 贾锁堂 2020 (7):  70501-070501.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8893 摘要 ( 670 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(586KB) ( 153 )   We present a protocol to realize topological discrete-time quantum walks, which comprise a sequence of spin-dependent flipping displacement operations and quantum coin tossing operations, with a single trapped ion. It is demonstrated that the information of bulk topological invariants can be extracted by measuring the average projective phonon number when the walk takes place in coherent state space. Interestingly, the specific chiral symmetry owned by our discrete-time quantum walks simplifies the measuring process. Furthermore, we prove the robustness of such bulk topological invariants by introducing dynamical disorder and decoherence. Our work provides a simple method to measure bulk topological features in discrete-time quantum walks, which can be experimentally realized in the system of single trapped ions. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Stable soliton propagation in a coupled (2+1) dimensional Ginzburg-Landau system 王丽丽, 刘文军 2020 (7):  70502-070502.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90ea 摘要 ( 655 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(748KB) ( 249 )   A coupled (2+1)-dimensional variable coefficient Ginzburg-Landau equation is studied. By virtue of the modified Hirota bilinear method, the bright one-soliton solution of the equation is derived. Some phenomena of soliton propagation are analyzed by setting different dispersion terms. The influences of the corresponding parameters on the solitons are also discussed. The results can enrich the soliton theory, and may be helpful in the manufacture of optical devices. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Michelson laser interferometer-based vibration noise contribution measurement method for cold atom interferometry gravimeter 张宁, 胡青青, 王倩, 姬清晨, 赵伟靖, 魏荣, 王育竹 2020 (7):  70601-070601.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8885 摘要 ( 702 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2010KB) ( 243 )   The measurement performance of the atom interferometry absolute gravimeter is strongly affected by the ground vibration noise. We propose a vibration noise evaluation scheme using a Michelson laser interferometer constructed by the intrinsic Raman laser of the atomic gravimeter. Theoretical analysis shows that the vibration phase measurement accuracy is better than 4 mrad, which corresponds to about 10-10 g accuracy for a single shot gravity measurement. Compared with the commercial seismometer or accelerometer, this method is a simple, low cost, direct, and fully synchronized measurement of the vibration phase which should benefit the development of the atomic gravimeter. On the other side, limited by equivalence principle, the result of the laser interferometer is not absolute but relative vibration measurement. Triangular cap method could be used to evaluation the noise contribution of vibration, which is a different method from others and should benefit the development of the atomic gravimeter. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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A transportable optical lattice clock at the National Time Service Center 孔德欢, 王志辉, 郭峰, 张强, 卢晓同, 王叶兵, 常宏 2020 (7):  70602-070602.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9290 摘要 ( 839 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(2701KB) ( 408 )   We report a transportable one-dimensional optical lattice clock based on 87Sr at the National Time Service Center. The transportable apparatus consists of a compact vacuum system and compact optical subsystems. The vacuum system with a size of 90 cm×20 cm×42 cm and the beam distributors are assembled on a double-layer optical breadboard. The modularized optical subsystems are integrated on independent optical breadboards. By using a 230 ms clock laser pulse, spin-polarized spectroscopy with a linewidth of 4.8 Hz is obtained which is close to the 3.9 Hz Fourier-limit linewidth. The time interleaved self-comparison frequency instability is determined to be 6.3×10-17 at an averaging time of 2000 s. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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An artificial synapse by superlattice-like phase-change material for low-power brain-inspired computing 胡庆, 董博义, 王伦, 黄恩铭, 童浩, 何毓辉, 徐明, 缪向水 2020 (7):  70701-070701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab892a 摘要 ( 759 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1443KB) ( 210 )   Phase-change material (PCM) is generating widespread interest as a new candidate for artificial synapses in bio-inspired computer systems. However, the amorphization process of PCM devices tends to be abrupt, unlike continuous synaptic depression. The relatively large power consumption and poor analog behavior of PCM devices greatly limit their applications. Here, we fabricate a GeTe/Sb2Te3 superlattice-like PCM device which allows a progressive RESET process. Our devices feature low-power consumption operation and potential high-density integration, which can effectively simulate biological synaptic characteristics. The programming energy can be further reduced by properly selecting the resistance range and operating method. The fabricated devices are implemented in both artificial neural networks (ANN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) simulations, demonstrating high accuracy in brain-like pattern recognition. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Study on γ-ray source from the resonant reaction 19F(p,αγ)16O at Ep=340 keV 刘伏龙, 杨婉莎, 魏继红, 吴笛, 何阳帆, 李雨尘, 马田丽, 谌阳平, 樊启文, 贺创业, 郭冰, 王乃彦 2020 (7):  70702-070702.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab96a0 摘要 ( 891 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1602KB) ( 101 )   High energy γ-ray can be used in many fields, such as nuclear resonant fluorescence, nuclear medicine imaging. One of the methods to generate high-energy γ-ray is nuclear resonant reaction. The 19F(p, αγ) 16O reaction was used to generate 6.13-MeV γ-ray in this work. The angular distribution of 6.13-MeV γ-ray was measured by six LaBr3 detectors. The thick-target yield curve of 6.13-MeV γ-ray had been measured. The maximum yield was determined to be (1.85±0.01)×10-8 γ/proton, which was measured by HPGe detector and LaBr3 detector. The absolute efficiency of all the detectors was calibrated using 60Co and 27Al(p, γ) 28Si reaction at Ep=992 keV. The cross section and total resonant width of the reaction were determined to be 95.1±1.0 mb (1 b=10-24 cm2) and ΓCM=2.21±0.22 keV, respectively. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

SPECIAL TOPIC—Ultracold atom and its application in precision measurement

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Silicon-based optoelectronic synaptic devices 尹蕾, 皮孝东, 杨德仁 2020 (7):  70703-070703.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab973f 摘要 ( 780 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(6094KB) ( 449 )   High-performance neuromorphic computing (i.e., brain-like computing) is envisioned to seriously demand optoelectronically integrated artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the future. Optoelectronic synaptic devices are critical building blocks for optoelectronically integrated ANNs. For the large-scale deployment of high-performance neuromorphic computing in the future, it would be advantageous to fabricate optoelectronic synaptic devices by using advanced silicon (Si) technologies. This calls for the development of Si-based optoelectronic synaptic devices. In this work we review the use of Si materials to make optoelectronic synaptic devices, which have either two-terminal or three-terminal structures. A series of important synaptic functionalities have been well mimicked by using these Si-based optoelectronic synaptic devices. We also present the outlook of using Si materials for optoelectronic synaptic devices. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

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Accurate electron affinity of atomic cerium and excited states of its anion 付筱茜, 唐如麟, 陆禹竹, 宁传刚 2020 (7):  73201-073201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90e9 摘要 ( 839 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1141KB) ( 164 )   Electron affinities (EA) of most lanthanide elements still remain unknown owing to their relatively lower EA values and the fairly complicated electronic structures. In the present work, we report the high-resolution photoelectron spectra of atomic cerium anion Ce- using the slow electron velocity-map imaging method in combination with a cold ion trap. The electron affinity of Ce is determined to be 4840.62(21) cm-1 or 0.600160(26) eV. Moreover, several excited states of Ce- (4H9/2, 4I9/2, 2H9/2, 2G9/2, 2G7/2, 4H13/2, 2F5/2, and 4I13/2) are observed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Laser-assisted XUV double ionization of helium atoms: Intensity dependence of joint angular distributions 朱风筝, 黎根亮, 刘爱华 2020 (7):  73202-073202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90ef 摘要 ( 745 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1783KB) ( 157 )   We investigate the intensity effect of ultrashort assisting infrared laser pulse on the single-XUV-photon double ionization of helium atoms by solving full six-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation with implement of finite element discrete variable representation. The studies of joint energy distributions and joint angular distributions of the two photoelectrons reveal the competition for ionized probabilities between the photoelectrons with odd parity and photoelectrons with even parity in single-XUV-photon double ionization process in the presence of weak infrared laser field, and such a competition can be modulated by changing the intensity of the weak assisting-IR laser pulses. The emission angles of the two photoelectrons can be adjusted by changing the laser parameters as well. We depict how the assisting-IR laser field enhances and/or enables the back-to-back and side-by-side emission of photoelectrons created in double ionization process. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Surface for methane combustion: O(3P)+CH4→OH+CH3 彭亚, 蒋仲安, 陈举师 2020 (7):  73401-073401.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90f5 摘要 ( 501 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1570KB) ( 100 )   Kinetic investigations including quasi-classical trajectory and canonical unified statistical theory method calculations are carried out on a potential energy surface for the hydrogen-abstraction reaction from methane by atom O(3P). The surface is constructed using a modified Shepard interpolation method. The ab initio calculations are performed at the CCSD(T) level. Taking account of the contribution of inner core electrons to electronic correlation interaction in ab initio electronic structure calculations, modified optimized aug-cc-pCVQZ basis sets are applied to the all-electrons calculations. On this potential energy surface, the triplet oxygen atom attacks methane in a near-collinear H-CH3 direction to form a saddle point with barrier height of 13.55 kcal/mol, which plays a key role in the kinetics of the title reaction. For the temperature range of 298-2500 K, our calculated thermal rate constants for the O(3P)+CH4→ OH+CH3 reaction show good agreement with relevant experimental data. This work provides detailed mechanism of this gas-phase reaction and a theoretical guidance for methane combustion. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Tilt adjustment for a portable absolute atomic gravimeter 谢宏泰, 陈斌, 龙金宝, 薛春, 陈泺侃, 陈帅 2020 (7):  73701-073701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90f9 摘要 ( 687 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(831KB) ( 432 )   For an atomic gravimeter, the measured value of the Earth's gravity acceleration g is the projection of the local gravity on the direction of Raman laser beams. To accurately measure the g, the Raman laser beams should be parallel to the g direction. We analyze the tilt effect of the Raman beams on g measurement and present a general method for the tilt adjustment. The systematic error caused by the tilt angle is evaluated as 0 (+0, -0.8) μGal (1 μGal=10 nm/s2) and the drift is also compensated in real time. Our method is especially suitable for the portable atomic gravimeter which focuses on the mobility and field applications. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Scattering and absorption characteristics of non-spherical cirrus cloud ice crystal particles in terahertz frequency band 谢涛, 陈梦婷, 陈健, 陆风, 安大伟 2020 (7):  74102-074102.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab84d3 摘要 ( 404 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(643KB) ( 121 )   We used discrete dipole approximation (DDA) to examine the scattering and absorption characteristics of spherical ice crystal particles. On this basis, we studied the scattering characteristics of spherical ice crystal particles at different frequencies and non-spherical ice crystal particles with different shapes, aspect ratios, and spatial orientations. The results indicate that the DDA and Mie methods yield almost the same results for spherical ice crystal particles, illustrating the superior calculation accuracy of the DDA method. Compared with the millimeter wave band, the terahertz band particles have richer scattering characteristics and can detect ice crystal particles more easily. Different frequencies, shapes, aspect ratios, and spatial orientations have specific effects on the scattering and absorption characteristics of ice crystal particles. The results provide an important theoretical basis for the design of terahertz cloud radars and related cirrus detection methods. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS

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Improved spatial filtering velocimetry and its application in granular flow measurement 孔平, 王必得, 王蓬, Zivkovic V, 张建青 2020 (7):  74201-074201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8ac2 摘要 ( 637 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1590KB) ( 154 )   Spatial filtering velocimetry (SFV) has the advantages of simple structure, good stability, and wide applications. However, the traditional linear CCD-based SFV method requires an accurate angle between the direction of linear CCD and the direction of moving object, so it is not suitable for measuring a complex flow field or two-dimensional speed in a granular media. In this paper, a new extension of spatial filtering method (SFM) based on high speed array CCD camera is proposed as simple and effective technique for measuring two-dimensional speed field of granular media. In particular, we analyzed the resolution and range of array CCD-based SFV so that the reader can clarify the application scene of this method. This method has a particular advantage for using orthogonal measurement to avoid the angle measurement, which were problematic when using linear CCD to measure the movement. Finally, the end-wall effects of the granular flow in rotating drum is studied with different experimental conditions by using this improved technique. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Reversion of weak-measured quantum entanglement state 杜少将, 彭勇刚, 冯海冉, 韩峰, 杨连武, 郑雨军 2020 (7):  74202-074202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8c3e 摘要 ( 669 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(491KB) ( 169 )   We theoretically study the reversible process of quantum entanglement state by means of weak measurement and corresponding reversible operation. We present a protocol of the reversion operation in two bodies based on the theory of reversion of single photon and then expend it in quantum communication channels. The theoretical results demonstrate that the protocol does not break the information transmission after a weak measurement and a reversible measurement with the subsequent process in the transmission path. It can reverse the perturbed entanglement intensity evolution to its original state. Under the condition of different weak measurement intensity the protocol can reverse the perturbed quantum entanglement system perfectly. In the process we can get the classical information described by information gain from the quantum system through weak measurement operation. On the other hand, in order to realize complete reversibility, the classical information of the quantum entanglement system must obey a limited range we present in this paper in the reverse process. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Photoelectron momentum distributions of single-photon ionization under a pair of elliptically polarized attosecond laser pulses 崔会芳, 苗向阳 2020 (7):  74203-074203.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8ac0 摘要 ( 665 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1539KB) ( 153 )   The attosecond ionization dynamics of atoms has attracted extensive attention in these days. However, the role of the initial state is not clearly understood. To address this question, we perform simulations on the neon atom and its model atom with different initial states by numerically solving the corresponding two-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equations. We theoretically investigate atomic photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) by a pair of elliptically polarized attosecond laser pulses. We find that the PMD is sensitive not only to the ellipticities of the pulses, the relative helicity, and time delay of the pulses, but also to the symmetry of the initial electronic states. Results are analyzed by the first-order time-dependent perturbation theory (TDPT) and offer a new tool for detecting the rotation direction of the ring currents. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Optical nonreciprocity in a piezo-optomechanical system 肖玉铭, 刘军浩, 吴琴, 於亚飞, 张智明 2020 (7):  74204-074204.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8abf 摘要 ( 715 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(529KB) ( 143 )   We theoretically study the optical nonreciprocity in a piezo-optomechanical microdisk resonator, in which the cavity modes and the mechanical mode are optically pumped and piezoelectrically driven, respectively. For asymmetric optical pumping and different piezoelectrical drivings, our system shows some nonreciprocal optical responses. We find that our system can function as an optical isolator, a nonreciprocal amplifier, or a nonreciprocal phase shifter. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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575-fs passively mode-locked Yb:CaF2 ceramic laser 王聪, 郝倩倩, 李威威, 黄海军, 王绍钊, 姜大朋, 刘杰, 梅炳初, 苏良碧 2020 (7):  74205-074205.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8ac5 摘要 ( 728 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2491KB) ( 101 )   A Yb-doped CaF2 transparent ceramics was successfully fabricated by the hot-pressed method and its laser characteristics were studied. A broad tuning performance and mode-locked laser operation were demonstrated in this ceramics for the first time, to our best knowledge. A 60-nm continuous-wavelength tunable laser from 1019 nm to 1079 nm was obtained with a birefringent filter. By employing a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror without additional dispersion compensation elements, a continuous-wave mode-locked laser with pulse duration as short as 575 fs was delivered, at a central wavelength of 1048.5 nm. The oscillator is operated under a repetition rate of 55 MHz. These results indicate that the Yb:CaF2 transparent ceramics is an ideal candidate for the development of ultrafast lasers in the near-infrared regime. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Pulse generation in Yb-doped polarization-maintaining fiber laser by nonlinear polarization evolution 梁成斌, 宋晏蓉, 董自凯, 吴云峰, 田金荣, 徐润亲 2020 (7):  74206-074206.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8ac6 摘要 ( 860 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(793KB) ( 142 )   We demonstrate a self-started, long-term stable polarization-maintaining mode-locked fiber laser based on the nonlinear polarization evolution technique. A polarized beam splitter is inserted into the cavity of the linear polarization-maintaining fiber laser to facilitate self-started mode-locking. Pulses with single pulse energy of 26.9 nJ and average output power of 73.9 mW are obtained at the pump power of 600 mW. The transmission characteristics of artificial saturable absorber used in this laser are analyzed theoretically, the influence of the half-wave plate state on mode-locking is discussed, and the mode-locking range is obtained, which is well consistent with the experimental results. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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A two-mode squeezed light based on a double-pump phase-matching geometry 何烜坚, 贾俊, 焦高锋, 陈丽清, 袁春华, 张卫平 2020 (7):  74207-074207.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8abd 摘要 ( 752 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1428KB) ( 151 )   We theoretically investigate the frequency-nondegenerate and frequency degenerate squeezed lights with a four-wave mixing process (4WM) driven by two pump fields crossing at a small angle. Different from a 4WM process driven by a single pump field, the refractive index of the corresponding probe field, np, can be converted to a value that is greater than 1 or less than 1 by an angle adjustment. In the new region with np < 1, the bandwidth of the gain is relatively large due to the slow change in the refractive index with the two-photon detuning. In this region with an exchange of the roles of the pump and probe beams, the frequency degenerate and spatial nondegenerate twin beams can be generated, which has potential application in quantum information and quantum metrology. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

SPECIAL TOPIC—Ultracold atom and its application in precision measurement

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Irradiation study of liquid crystal variable retarder for Full-disk Magneto-Graph payload onboard ASO-S mission 侯俊峰, 王海峰, 王刚, 骆永全, 李宏伟, 张振龙, 王东光, 邓元勇 2020 (7):  74208-074208.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8c40 摘要 ( 781 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1083KB) ( 105 )   The Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) is a mission proposed by the Chinese Solar Physics Community. As one of the three payloads of ASO-S, the Full-disc Magneto-Graph (FMG) will measure the photospheric magnetic fields of the entire solar disk with high spatial and temporal resolution, and high magnetic sensitivity, where liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) is the key to whether FMG can achieve its scientific goal. So far, there is no space flight experience for LCVR. Therefore, irradiation study for LCVRs becomes more important and urgent in order to make sure their safety and reliability in space application. In this paper, γ irradiation, proton irradiation, and ultra-violet (UV) irradiation are tested for LCVRs respectively. The optical and chemical properties during irradiation tests are measured and analyzed. For optical properties, there is no significant change in those parameters FMG payload concerned except the retardation. Although there is no drastic degradation in the retardation versus voltage during irradiations, the amount of retardation variation is much higher than the instrument requirements. Thus, an in-flight retardation versus voltage should be added in FMG payload, reducing or even avoiding the impact of retardation change. For chemical properties, the clearing point and birefringence of the LC materials almost have no change; the ion density dose not change below 60 krad[Si], but begin to increase dramatically above 60 krad[Si]. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Progress on the 40Ca+ ion optical clock 张宝林, 黄垚, 张华青, 郝艳梅, 曾孟彦, 管桦, 高克林 2020 (7):  74209-074209.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9432 摘要 ( 997 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1696KB) ( 251 )   Progress of the 40Ca+ ion optical clock based on the 42S1/2-3d 2D5/2 electric quadrupole transition is reported. By setting the drive frequency to the “magic” frequency Ω0, the frequency uncertainty caused by the scalar Stark shift and second-order Doppler shift induced by micromotion is reduced to the 10-19 level. By precisely measuring the differential static scalar polarizability △α0, the uncertainty due to the blackbody radiation (BBR) shift (coefficient) is reduced to the 10-19 level. With the help of a second-order integrating servo algorithm, the uncertainty due to the servo error is reduced to the 10-18 level. The total fractional uncertainty of the 40Ca+ ion optical clock is then improved to 2.2×10-17, whereas this value is mainly restricted by the uncertainty of the BBR shift due to temperature fluctuations. The state preparation is introduced together with improvements in the pulse sequence, and furthermore, a better signal to noise ratio (SNR) and less dead time are achieved. The clock stability of a single clock is improved to 4.8×10-15/√τ (in seconds). 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS

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High-performance frequency stabilization of ultraviolet diode lasers by using dichroic atomic vapor spectroscopy and transfer cavity 申丹娜, 丁亮宇, 张球新, 朱晨昊, 王玉欣, 张威, 张翔 2020 (7):  74210-074210.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8c41 摘要 ( 764 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(1143KB) ( 106 )   We develop a high-performance ultraviolet (UV) frequency stabilization technique implemented directly on UV diode lasers by combining the dichroic atomic vapor laser lock and the resonant transfer cavity lock. As an example, we demonstrate a stable locking with measured frequency standard deviations of approximately 200 kHz and 300 kHz for 399 nm and 370 nm diode lasers in 20 min. We achieve a long-term frequency drift of no more than 1 MHz for the target 370 nm laser within an hour, which is further verified with fluorescence count rates of a single trapped 171Yb+ ion. We also find strong linear correlations between lock points and environmental factors such as temperature and atmospheric pressure. Our approach provides a simple and stable solution at a relatively low cost, and features flexible control, high feedback bandwidth and minimal power consumption of the target UV laser. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Simulation of microswimmer hydrodynamics with multiparticle collision dynamics Andreas Zöttl 2020 (7):  74701-074701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab943f 摘要 ( 542 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1297KB) ( 230 )   In this review we discuss the recent progress in the simulation of soft active matter systems and in particular the hydrodynamics of microswimmers using the method of multiparticle collision dynamics, which solves the hydrodynamic flows around active objects on a coarse-grained level. We first present a brief overview of the basic simulation method and the coupling between microswimmers and fluid. We then review the current achievements in simulating flexible and rigid microswimmers using multiparticle collision dynamics, and briefly conclude and discuss possible future directions. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES

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Temperature dependence of mode coupling effect in piezoelectric vibrator made of [001]c-poled Mn-doped 0.24PIN-0.46PMN-0.30PT ternary single crystals with high electromechanical coupling factor 黄乃兴, 孙恩伟, 张锐, 杨彬, 刘俭, 吕天全, 曹文武 2020 (7):  75201-075201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8a3e 摘要 ( 602 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1319KB) ( 98 )   The influence of temperature on mode coupling effect in piezoelectric vibrators remains unclear. In this work, we discuss the influence of temperature on two-dimensional (2D) mode coupling effect and electromechanical coupling coefficient of cylindrical [001]c-poled Mn-doped 0.24PIN-0.46PMN-0.30PT piezoelectric single-crystal vibrator with an arbitrary configuration ratio. The electromechanical coupling coefficient kt decreases with temperature increasing, whereas k33 is largely invariant in a temperature range of 25 ℃-55 ℃. With the increase of temperature, the shift in the ‘mode dividing point’ increases the scale of the poling direction of the piezoelectric vibrator. The temperature has little effect on coupling constant Γ. At a given temperature, the coupling constant Γ of the cylindrical vibrator is slightly greater than that of the rectangular vibrator. When the temperature changes, the applicability index (M) values of the two piezoelectric vibrators are close to 1, indicating that the coupling theory can be applied to piezoelectric vibrators made of late-model piezoelectric single crystals. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Spontaneous growth of the reconnection electric field during magnetic reconnection with a guide field: A theoretical model and particle-in-cell simulations 黄楷, 陆全明, 王荣生, 王水 2020 (7):  75202-075202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8da0 摘要 ( 663 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2039KB) ( 132 )   Reconnection electric field is a key element of magnetic reconnection. It quantifies the change of magnetic topology and the dissipation of magnetic energy. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are performed to study the growth of the reconnection electric field in the electron diffusion region (EDR) during magnetic reconnection with a guide field. At first, a seed electric field is produced due to the excitation of the tearing-mode instability. Then, the reconnection electric field in the EDR, which is dominated by the electron pressure tensor term, suffers a spontaneous growth stage and grows exponentially until it saturates. A theoretical model is also proposed to explain such a kind of growth. The reconnection electric field in the EDR is found to be directly proportional to the electron outflow speed. The time derivative of electron outflow speed is proportional to the reconnection electric field in the EDR because the outflow is formed after the inflow electrons are accelerated by the reconnection electric field in the EDR and then directed away along the outflow direction. This kind of reinforcing process at last leads to the exponential growth of the reconnection electric field in the EDR. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Analysis of extreme ultraviolet spectra of laser-produced Cd plasmas Mohammedelnazier Bakhiet, 苏茂根, 曹世权, 敏琦, 孙对兄, 何思奇, 吴磊, 董晨钟 2020 (7):  75203-075203.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8894 摘要 ( 764 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(803KB) ( 89 )   In order to provide detailed information about Cd structure and gain more insight regarding ionization degrees and types of transition, as well as the understanding of the temporal evolution behavior of laser produced Cd plasmas, extreme ultraviolet spectra of laser-produced cadmium (Cd) plasmas have been measured in the 8.4-12 nm region using spatio-temporally resolved laser-produced plasma spectroscopy technique. Spectral features were analyzed by the Hartree-Fock (HF) method with relativistic correlations (HFR) using the Cowan code. The results showed that the 4p-5s resonance transition arrays from Cd9+ to Cd13+ merged to form intense lines in this spectral region. A number of new spectral features from Cd9+ and Cd10+ ions are reported in this study. Based on the assumption of a normalized Boltzmann distribution among the excited states associated with a steady-state collisional-radiative model, the plasma parameters were obtained by comparing the experimental and simulated spectra. As a result, we succeeded in reproducing the synthetic spectra for different time delays, which yielded good agreement with the experiments. The temporal evolution behaviors of electron temperature and electron density of plasma were also analyzed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Electrical modeling of dielectric barrier discharge considering surface charge on the plasma modified material 关弘路, 陈向荣, 江铁, 杜浩, Ashish Paramane, 周浩 2020 (7):  75204-075204.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8a3f 摘要 ( 871 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1874KB) ( 157 )   We present the variations of electrical parameters of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) when the DBD generator is used for the material modification, whereas the relevant physical mechanism is also elaborated. An equivalent circuit model is applied for a DBD generator working in a filament discharging mode, considering the addition of epoxy resin (EP) as the plasma modified material. The electrical parameters are calculated through the circuit model. The surface conductivity, surface potential decay, trap distributions and surface charge distributions on the EP surface before and after plasma treatments were measured and calculated. It is found that the coverage area of micro-discharge channels on the EP surface is increased with the discharging time under the same applied AC voltage. The results indicate that the plasma modified material could influence the ignition of new filaments in return during the modification process. Moreover, the surface conductivity and density of shallow traps with low trap energy of the EP samples increase after the plasma treatment. The surface charge distributions indicate that the improved surface properties accelerate the movement and redistribution of charge carriers on the EP surface. The variable electrical parameters of discharge are attributed to the redistribution of deposited surface charge on the plasma modified EP sample surface. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

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Theoretical study on martensitic-type transformation path from rutile phase to α-PbO2 phase of TiO2 王文轩, 姜振益, 林彦明, 郑继明, 张志勇 2020 (7):  76101-076101.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8abe 摘要 ( 640 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1131KB) ( 107 )   The martensitic-type phase transformation paths from the rutile to the α-PbO2 phase of TiO2 are studied with linear interpolation and NEB/G-SSNEB methods based on first-principles calculations. Its potential energy surface and the lowest energy path are revealed. Our results indicate that the titanium atoms of the rutile phase shuffle along the [0-11]rut crystal direction to form the α-PbO2 phase. During the phase transition, the oxygen atoms are dragged by the heavier titanium atoms and then reach their new equilibrium positions. The barrier of phase transition from nudged elastic band theory is about 231 meV, which is qualitatively consistent with previous theoretical calculations from the monoclinic phase to the tetragonal phase for ZrO2 and HfO2. Debye model can also be successfully used to predict the pressure and temperature of the phase transformation. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Tunable electronic structures of germanane/antimonene van der Waals heterostructures using an external electric field and normal strain 谭兴毅, 刘利利, 任达华 2020 (7):  76102-076102.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8a39 摘要 ( 533 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(5238KB) ( 111 )   Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have attracted significant attention because of their widespread applications in nanoscale devices. In the present work, we investigate the electronic structures of germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure in response to normal strain and an external electric field by using the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The results demonstrate that the germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure behaves as a metal in a [-1, -0.6] V/Å range, while it is a direct semiconductor in a [-0.5, 0.2] V/Å range, and it is an indirect semiconductor in a [0.3, 1.0] V/Å range. Interestingly, the band alignment of germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure appears as type-Ⅱ feature both in a [-0.5, 0.1] range and in a [0.3, 1] V/Å range, while it shows the type-I character at 0.2 V/Å. In addition, we find that the germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure is an indirect semiconductor both in an in-plane biaxial strain range of [-5%, -3%] and in an in-plane biaxial strain range of [3%, 5%], while it exhibits a direct semiconductor character in an in-plane biaxial strain range of [-2%, 2%]. Furthermore, the band alignment of the germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure changes from type-Ⅱ to type-I at an in-plane biaxial strain of -3%. The adjustable electronic structure of this germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure will pave the way for developing the nanoscale devices. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Comparison of cavities and extended defects formed in helium-implanted 6H-SiC at room temperature and 750 ℃ 廖庆, 李炳生, 康龙, 李小刚 2020 (7):  76103-076103.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8abc 摘要 ( 695 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(5017KB) ( 134 )   The formation of cavities in silicon carbide is vitally useful to “smart-cut” and metal gettering in semiconductor industry. In this study, cavities and extended defects formed in helium (He) ions implanted 6H-SiC at room temperature (RT) and 750 ℃ followed by annealing at 1500 ℃ are investigated by a combination of transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy. The observed cavities and extended defects are related to the implantation temperature. Heterogeneously distributed cavities and extended defects are observed in the helium-implanted 6H-SiC at RT, while homogeneously distributed cavities and extended defects are formed after He-implanted 6H-SiC at 750 ℃. The possible reasons are discussed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of Zr-Te compounds from first-principles calculations 王鹏, 张宁超, 蒋城露, 刘福生, 刘正堂, 刘其军 2020 (7):  76201-076201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8da7 摘要 ( 620 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1463KB) ( 205 )   The first-principles calculations based on density functional theory are used to obtain structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of Zr-Te compounds. The optimized structural parameters are consistent with the available experimental data. The calculated mechanical properties and formation energy show that the Zr-Te compounds are all mechanically and thermodynamically stable. The bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E, Debye temperature ΘD, and sound velocity vm are listed, which are positively correlated with the increasing of atomic fraction of Zr. The behaviors of density of states of Zr-Te compounds are obtained. Furthermore, the electronic properties are discussed to clarify the bonding characteristics of compounds. The electronic characteristics demonstrate that the Zr-Te systems with different phases are both covalent and metallic. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

REVIEW

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Giant mechanocaloric materials for solid-state cooling 张俊然, 徐逸轩, 安世海, 孙莹, 李晓东, 李延春 2020 (7):  76202-076202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8a40 摘要 ( 535 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(544KB) ( 261 )   This article reviews the research progress of measurement techniques and materials on the mechanocaloric effect over the past few decades. Mechanocaloric materials can be divided into elastocaloric and barocaloric materials depending on the applied uniaxial stress or hydrostatic pressure. Elastocaloric materials include non-magnetic shape memory alloys, polymers, and rare-earth compounds. Barocaloric materials include magnetic shape memory alloys, ferroelectric ceramics, superionic conductors, and oxyfluorides. The mechanocaloric effects of these classes of materials are systematically compared in terms of the isothermal entropy change and adiabatic temperature change. In addition to the thermal effects, other characteristics closely related to the application of mechanocaloric materials are also summarized. Finally, perspectives for further development of mechanocaloric materials in the solid-state cooling area are discussed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

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Generating two-dimensional quantum gases with high stability 肖波, 王宣恺, 郑永光, 杨雨萌, 章维勇, 苏国贤, 李梦达, 江晓, 苑震生 2020 (7):  76701-076701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8ac8 摘要 ( 854 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(2134KB) ( 189 )   Quantum gas microscopy has enabled the study on intriguing properties of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. It provides the cutting-edge technology for manipulating quantum many-body systems. In such experiments, atoms have to be prepared into a two-dimensional (2D) system for being resolved by microscopes with limited depth of focus. Here we report an experiment on slicing a single layer of the atoms trapped in a few layers of pancake-shaped optical traps to create a 2D system. This technique is implemented with a microwave “knife”, i.e., a microwave field with a frequency defined by the resonant condition with the Zeeman-shifted atomic levels related to a gradient magnetic field. It is crucial to keep a stable preparation of the desired layer to create the 2D quantum gas for future experimental applications. To achieve this, the most important point is to provide a gradient magnetic field with low noises and slow drift in combination with a properly optimized microwave pulse. Monitoring the electric current source and the environmental magnetic field, we applied an actively stabilizing circuit and realized a field drift of 0.042(3) mG/hour. This guarantees creating the single layer of atoms with an efficiency of 99.92(3)% while atoms are hardly seen in other layers within 48 hours, satisfying future experimental demands on studying quantum many-body physics. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Tuning the alignment of pentacene on copper substrate by annealing-assistant surface functionalization 曹巧君, 温爽, 谢海鹏, 施碧云, 王群, 卢从蓉, 高永利, 窦卫东 2020 (7):  76801-076801.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8da2 摘要 ( 692 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2121KB) ( 85 )   Controlling the alignment and packing structure of organic molecules on solid substrate surfaces at molecule level is essential to develop high-performance organic thin film (OTF) devices. Pentacene, which is a typical p-type semiconductor material usually adopts lying-down geometry on metal substrates owning to π-d coupling between pentacene and metal substrates. However, in this study, we found that pentacene molecules can be adsorbed on an anneal-treated Cu (111) surface with their long axis perpendicular to substrate surface. Highly ordered single-layer pentacene film with stand-up molecular geometry was achieved on this substrate. It was found that the functionalization of Cu surface with C=O groups due to annealing treatment should be accounted for standing-up geometry of pentacene on Cu substrate. This observation shed light on the tuning of the alignment and packing structure of organic molecules. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Influence comparison of N2 and NH3 nitrogen sources on AlN films grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy 陈晶晶, 黄俊, 苏旭军, 牛牧童, 徐科 2020 (7):  76802-076802.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90ed 摘要 ( 610 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2747KB) ( 117 )   A comparison of the nitrogen sources (N2 and NH3) influence on AlN films grown by high-temperature halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) is reported. The x-ray rocking curves (XRCs) indicate that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of (0002) plane for AlN films using N2 as nitrogen source is generally smaller than that using NH3. Optical microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM) results show that it is presently still more difficult to control the crack and surface morphology of AlN films with thicknesses of 5-10 μm using N2 as the nitrogen source compared to that using NH3. Compared with one-step growth, two-step growth strategy has been proved more effective in stress control and reducing the density of threading dislocations for AlN epilayers using N2 as the nitrogen source. These investigations reveal that using N2 as nitrogen source in HVPE growth of AlN is immature at present, but exhibits great potential. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES

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Structural evolution and magnetic properties of ScLin (n=2-13) clusters: A PSO and DFT investigation 栗潞, 崔秀花, 曹海宾, 姜轶, 段海明, 井群, 刘静, 王倩 2020 (7):  77101-077101.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8d9e 摘要 ( 714 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(3996KB) ( 129 )   The stable geometries, electronic structures, and magnetic behaviors of the ScLin (n=2-13) clusters are investigated by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and density functional theory (DFT). The results show that these clusters have three-dimensional (3D) structures except ScLi2, and ScLi12, and ScLi13 that possess the cage-like structures. In analyses of the average binding energy, second-order difference of energy, and fragmentation energy, ScLi12 cluster is identified as magnetic superatom. The magnetic moment for each of these clusters owns an oscillating curve of different cluster sizes, and their magnetic moments are further investigated using molecular orbitals and jellium model. Of ScLin (n=2-13) clusters, ScLi12 has the largest spin magnetic moment (3 μB), and molecular orbitals of ScLi12 can be described as 1S21P61Dα5Dβ2. Additionally, Mulliken population and AdNDP bonding analysis are discussed and the results reveal that the Sc atom and Lin atoms make equal contribution to the total magnetic moment, and atomic charges transfer between Sc atoms and Li atoms. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Lifshitz transition in triangular lattice Kondo-Heisenberg model 张欄, 钟寅, 罗洪刚 2020 (7):  77102-077102.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8da4 摘要 ( 557 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(922KB) ( 91 )   Motivated by recent experimental progress on triangular lattice heavy-fermion compounds, we investigate possible Lifshitz transitions and the scanning tunnel microscope (STM) spectra of the Kondo-Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice. In the heavy Fermi liquid state, the introduced Heisenberg antiferromagnetic interaction (JH) results in the twice Lifshitz transition at the case of the nearest-neighbour electron hopping but with next-nearest-neighbour hole hopping and the case of the nearest-neighbour hole hopping but with next-nearest-neighbour electron hopping, respectively. Driven by JH, the Lifshitz transitions on triangular lattice are all continuous in contrast to the case on square lattice. Furthermore, the STM spectra shows rich line-shape which is influenced by the Kondo coupling JK, the Heisenberg antiferromagnetic interaction JH, and the ratio of the tunneling amplitude of f-electron tf versus conduction electron tc. Our work provides a possible scenario to understand the Fermi surface topology and the quantum critical point in heavy-fermion compounds. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Point-contact spectroscopy on antiferromagnetic Kondo semiconductors CeT2Al10 (T=Ru and Os) 李洁, 车利强, 乐天, 张佳浩, 孙培杰, Toshiro Takabatake, 路欣 2020 (7):  77103-077103.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8dab 摘要 ( 621 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1781KB) ( 95 )   We have carried out point-contact spectroscopy (PCS) measurements on one family of antiferromagnetic Kondo semiconductor CeT2Al10 (T=Ru and Os) with a Néel temperature TN ～27.5 and 28.5 K, respectively. Their PCS conductance curves both exhibit a characteristic coherent double-peak-structure at temperatures below TN, signaling an AFM gap around the Fermi surface. The temperature dependent AFM gap △1 follows a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS)-like mean-field behavior with a moderate gap anisotropy for PCS along different crystal axes. Another asymmetric gap-like feature is observed for both compounds at temperatures far below TN, which is consistent with opening of a new hybridization gap △h inside the long-range ordered AFM state. Our results suggest a common itinerant nature of the anomalous AFM ordering, constraining theoretical models to explain the AFM origin in CeRu2Al10 and CeOs2Al10. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Exciton optical absorption in asymmetric ZnO/ZnMgO double quantum wells with mixed phases 韩智强, 宋丽颖, 昝宇海, 班士良 2020 (7):  77104-077104.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8d9d 摘要 ( 545 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2056KB) ( 105 )   The optical absorption of exciton interstate transition in Zn1-xlMgxlO/ZnO/Zn1-xcMgxcO/ZnO/Zn1-xrMgxrO asymmetric double quantum wells (ADQWs) with mixed phases of zinc-blende and wurtzite in Zn1-xMgxO for 0.37< x < 0.62 is discussed. The mixed phases are taken into account by our weight model of fitting. The states of excitons are obtained by a finite difference method and a variational procedure in consideration of built-in electric fields (BEFs) and the Hartree potential. The optical absorption coefficients (OACs) of exciton interstate transition are obtained by the density matrix method. The results show that Hartree potential bends the conduction and valence bands, whereas a BEF tilts the bands and the combined effect enforces electrons and holes to approach the opposite interfaces to decrease the Coulomb interaction effects between electrons and holes. Furthermore, the OACs indicate a transformation between direct and indirect excitons in zinc-blende ADQWs due to the quantum confinement effects. There are two kinds of peaks corresponding to wurtzite and zinc-blende structures respectively, and the OACs merge together under some special conditions. The computed result of exciton interband emission energy agrees well with a previous experiment. Our conclusions are helpful for further relative theoretical studies, experiments, and design of devices consisting of these quantum well structures. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of quaternary Heusler CrZrCoZ compounds: A first-principles study 魏小平, 曹铁义, 孙小伟, 高强, 高配峰, 高治磊, 陶小马 2020 (7):  77105-077105.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab969b 摘要 ( 772 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2414KB) ( 496 )   Using the first-principles calculations, we study the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties along with exchange interactions and Curie temperatures for CrZrCoZ (Z=Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Pb) quaternary Heusler alloys. The results show that the CrZrCoZ alloys are half-metallic ferrimagnets, and their total spin magnetic moments, which are mainly carried by the Cr atom, obey the Slater-Pauling rule. Analysis of local density of states confirms that the exchange splitting between eg and t2g states leads to the formation of half-metallic gap. According to the calculated Heisenberg exchange coupling parameters, it is found that the Cr(A)-Cr(A) and Cr(A)-Zr(B) exchanges dominate the appearance of ferrimagnetic states in CrZrCoZ (Z=Al, Ga, In, Tl, Pb) alloys, and it is the Cr(A)-Zr(B) and Zr(B)-Zr(B) exchanges for CrZrCoSi alloy. Finally, we estimate the Curie temperatures of CrZrCoZ by using mean-field approximation, it is found that the CrZrCoZ (Z=Al, Ga, In, Tl, Pb) alloys have noticeably higher Curie temperatures than room temperature. So, we expect that the CrZrCoZ alloys are promising candidates in spintronic applications in future. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

SPECIAL TOPIC—Ultracold atom and its application in precision measurement

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Modulation of carrier lifetime in MoS2 monolayer by uniaxial strain 洪浩, 程阳, 吴春春, 黄琛, 刘灿, 于文韬, 周旭, 马超杰, 王金焕, 张智宏, 赵芸, 熊杰, 刘开辉 2020 (7):  77201-077201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab99ba 摘要 ( 1003 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(650KB) ( 404 )   Carrier lifetime is one of the most fundamental physical parameters that characterizes the average time of carrier recombination in any material. The control of carrier lifetime is the key to optimizing the device function by tuning the electro-optical conversion quantum yield, carrier diffusion length, carrier collection process, etc. Till now, the prevailing modulation methods are mainly by defect engineering and temperature control, which have limitations in the modulation direction and amplitude of the carrier lifetime. Here, we report an effective modulation on the ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited carriers in two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 monolayer by uniaxial tensile strain. The combination of optical ultrafast pump-probe technique and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy reveals that the carrier dynamics through Auger scattering, carrier-phonon scattering, and radiative recombination keep immune to the strain. But strikingly, the uniaxial tensile strain weakens the trapping of photoexcited carriers by defects and therefore prolongs the corresponding carrier lifetime up to 440% per percent applied strain. Our results open a new avenue to enlarge the carrier lifetime of 2D MoS2, which will facilitate its applications in high-efficient optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Effect of weak disorder in multi-Weyl semimetals 宁震, 付博, 石勤伟, 王晓平 2020 (7):  77202-077202.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9612 摘要 ( 849 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(443KB) ( 186 )   We study the behaviors of three-dimensional double and triple Weyl fermions in the presence of weak random potential. By performing the Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) analysis, we reveal that the quasiparticle experiences strong renormalization which leads to the modification of the density of states and quasiparticle residue. We further utilize the RG analysis to calculate the classical conductivity and show that the diffusive transport is substantially corrected due to the novel behavior of the quasiparticle and can be directly measured by experiments. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Epitaxial fabrication of monolayer copper arsenide on Cu(111) 张帅, 宋洋, 李金梅, 王振宇, 刘晨, 王嘉鸥, 高蕾, 卢建臣, 张余洋, 林晓, 潘金波, 杜世萱, 高鸿钧 2020 (7):  77301-077301.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8db3 摘要 ( 879 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1899KB) ( 222 )   We report the epitaxial growth of monolayer copper arsenide (CuAs) with a honeycomb lattice on Cu(111) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) verify the √3×√3 superlattice of monolayer CuAs on Cu(111) substrate. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements together with DFT calculations demonstrate the electronic band structures of monolayer CuAs and reveal its metallic nature. Further calculations show that charge transfer from Cu(111) substrate to monolayer CuAs lifts the Fermi level and tunes the band structure of the monolayer CuAs. This high-quality epitaxial monolayer CuAs with potential tunable band gap holds promise on the applications in nano-electronic devices. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES

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Probing the Majorana bound states in a hybrid nanowire double-quantum-dot system by scanning tunneling microscopy 刘佳, 李科曼, 迟锋, 付振国, 侯跃飞, 王志刚, 张平 2020 (7):  77302-077302.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8889 摘要 ( 777 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(833KB) ( 146 )   We propose an interferometer composing of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), double quantum dots (DQDs), and a semiconductor nanowire carrying Majorana bound states (MBSs) at its ends induced by the proximity effect of an s-wave superconductor, to probe the existence of the MBSs in the dots. Our results show that when the energy levels of DQDs are aligned to the energy of MBSs, the zero-energy spectral functions of DQDs are always equal to 1/2, which indicates the formation of the MBSs in the DQDs and is also responsible for the zero-bias conductance peak. Our findings suggest that the spectral functions of the DQDs may be an excellent and convenient quantity for detecting the formation and stability of the spatially separated MBSs in quantum dots. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Stress and strain analysis of Si-based Ⅲ-V template fabricated by ion-slicing 赵舒燕, 宋禹忻, 梁好, 金婷婷, 林家杰, 岳丽, 游天桂, 王长, 欧欣, 王庶民 2020 (7):  77303-077303.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8a35 摘要 ( 731 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1788KB) ( 272 )   Strain and stress were simulated using finite element method (FEM) for three Ⅲ-V-on-Insulator (Ⅲ-VOI) structures, i.e., InP/SiO2/Si, InP/Al2O3/SiO2/Si, and GaAs/Al2O3/SiO2/Si, fabricated by ion-slicing as the substrates for optoelectronic devices on Si. The thermal strain/stress imposes no risk for optoelectronic structures grown on InPOI at a normal growth temperature using molecular beam epitaxy. Structures grown on GaAsOI are more dangerous than those on InPOI due to a limited critical thickness. The intermedia Al2O3 layer was intended to increase the adherence while it brings in the largest risk. The simulated results reveal thermal stress on Al2O3 over 1 GPa, which is much higher than its critical stress for interfacial fracture. InPOI without an Al2O3 layer is more suitable as the substrate for optoelectronic integration on Si. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

SPECIAL TOPIC—Ultracold atom and its application in precision measurement

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Improvement of valley splitting and valley injection efficiency for graphene/ferromagnet heterostructure 徐龙翔, 吕文刚, 胡晨, 郭奇勋, 尚帅, 徐秀兰, 于广华, 岩雨, 王立华, 滕蛟 2020 (7):  77304-077304.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8db2 摘要 ( 728 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1594KB) ( 215 )   The valley splitting has been realized in the graphene/Ni heterostructure with the splitting value of 14 meV, and the obtained valley injecting efficiency from the heterostructure into graphene was 6.18% [Phys. Rev. B 92 115404 (2015)]. In this paper, we report a way to improve the valley splitting and the valley injecting efficiency of the graphene/Ni heterostructure. By intercalating an Au monolayer between the graphene and the Ni, the split can be increased up to 50 meV. However, the valley injecting efficiency is not improved because the splitted valley area of graphene moves away from the Fermi level. Then, we mend the deviation by covering a monolayer of Cu on the graphene. As a result, the valley injecting efficiency of the Cu/graphene/Au/Ni heterostructure reaches 10%, which is more than 60% improvement compared to the simple graphene/Ni heterostructure. Then we theoretically design a valley-injection device based on the Cu/graphene/Au/Ni heterostructure and demonstrate that the valley injection can be easily switched solely by changing the magnetization direction of Ni, which can be used to generate and control the valley-polarized current. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES

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Anomalous spectral weight transfer in the nematic state of iron-selenide superconductor 蔡淙, 韩婷婷, 王政国, 陈磊, 王宇迪, 信子鸣, 马明伟, 李源, 张焱 2020 (7):  77401-077401.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90ec 摘要 ( 704 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1032KB) ( 136 )   Nematic phase intertwines closely with high-Tc superconductivity in iron-based superconductors. Its mechanism, which is closely related to the pairing mechanism of superconductivity, still remains controversial. Comprehensive characterization of the electronic state reconstruction in the nematic phase is thus crucial. However, most experiments focus only on the reconstruction of band dispersions. Another important characteristic of electronic state, the spectral weight, has not been studied in details so far. Here, we studied the spectral weight transfer in the nematic phase of FeSe0.9S0.1 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and in-situ detwinning technique. There are two elliptical electron pockets overlapping with each other orthogonally at the Brillouin zone corner. We found that, upon cooling, one electron pocket loses spectral weight and fades away, while the other electron pocket gains spectral weight and becomes pronounced. Our results show that the symmetry breaking of the electronic state is manifested by not only the anisotropic band dispersion but also the band-selective modulation of the spectral weight. Our observation completes our understanding of the nematic electronic state, and put strong constraints on the theoretical models. It further provides crucial clues to understand the gap anisotropy and orbital-selective pairing in iron-selenide superconductors. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Anomalous magnetoresistance in detwinned EuFe2As2 徐状, 潘俊香, 陶镇, 刘瑞鲜, 谈国太 2020 (7):  77402-077402.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90e4 摘要 ( 587 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(10395KB) ( 155 )   The in-plane magnetotransport of detwinned EuFe2As2 single crystal has been investigated. In the antiferromagnetic phase of Eu2+ spins, very different magnetoresistance results are observed upon the change of the external magnetic field direction and the current direction. This could be attributed to the tunable orientation of the Eu2+ spins under magnetic field. Electron scattering by spin fluctuation, superzone boundary effect, and cyclotron motion of charge carriers are used to interpret the observed anomalous magnetoresistance which is measured by using a current along a direction. The remarkable features of magnetoresistance suggest that itinerant electrons strongly couple with the spin configuration of Eu2+, which has a huge influence on the transport properties of EuFe2As2. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Metamagnetic transition and reversible magnetocaloric effect in antiferromagnetic DyNiGa compound 丁燕红, 孟凡振, 王利晨, 刘若水, 沈俊 2020 (7):  77501-077501.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90f3 摘要 ( 716 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(806KB) ( 161 )   Rare-earth (R)-based materials with large reversible magnetocaloric effect (MCE) are attracting much attention as the promising candidates for low temperature magnetic refrigeration. In the present work, the magnetic properties and MCE of DyNiGa compound with TiNiSi-type orthorhombic structure are studied systematically. The DyNiGa undergoes a magnetic transition from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to paramagnetic state with Néel temperature TN = 17 K. Meanwhile, it does not show thermal and magnetic hysteresis, revealing the perfect thermal and magnetic reversibility. Moreover, the AFM state can be induced into a ferromagnetic state by a relatively low field, and thus leading to a large reversible MCE, e.g., a maximum magnetic entropy change (-ΔSM) of 10 J/kg·K is obtained at 18 K under a magnetic field change of 5 T. Consequently, the large MCE without thermal or magnetic hysteresis makes the DyNiGa a competitive candidate for magnetic refrigeration of hydrogen liquefaction. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Spin waves and transverse domain walls driven by spin waves: Role of damping 赵梓翔, 贺鹏斌, 蔡孟秋, 李再东 2020 (7):  77502-077502.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90e5 摘要 ( 698 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1075KB) ( 133 )   Based on the uniform, helical and spiral domain-wall magnetic configurations, the excited spin waves are studied with emphasis on the role of damping. We find that the damping closes the gap of dispersion, and greatly influences the dispersion in the long-wave region for the spin waves of spiral wall and helical structure. For the uniform configuration, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction determines the modification of dispersion by the damping. Furthermore, we investigate the interaction between spin waves and a moving spiral domain wall. In the presence of damping, the amplitude of spin wave can increase after running across the wall for small wave numbers. Driving by the spin waves, the wall propagates towards the spin-wave source with an increasing velocity. Unlike the case without damping, the relation between the wall velocity and the spin-wave frequency depends on the position of wall. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal candidate Zr1-xVxCo1.6Sn 王光强, 孙彰昊, 司鑫宇, 贾爽 2020 (7):  77503-077503.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8da8 摘要 ( 826 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(706KB) ( 191 )   We grew single crystals of vanadium-substituted, ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal candidate Zr1-xVxCo1.6Sn from molten tin flux. These solid solutions all crystallize in a full Heusler structure (L21) while their Curie temperatures and magnetic moments are enhanced by V-substitution. Their resistivity gradually changes from bad-metal-like to semiconductor-like with increasing x while the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), which can be well fitted by Tian-Ye-Jin (TYJ) scaling,[1] is also enhanced. Moreover, we find an apparent electron-electron interaction (EEI) induced quantum correction in resistivity at low temperature. The anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) dominated by the intrinsic term is not corrected. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES

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Thickness-dependent magnetic order and phase transition in V5S8 张瑞梓, 张余洋, 杜世萱 2020 (7):  77504-077504.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8db1 摘要 ( 778 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1231KB) ( 224 )   V5S8 is an ideal candidate to explore the magnetism at the two-dimensional (2D) limit. A recent experiment has shown that the V5S8 thin films exhibit an antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition with reducing thickness. Here, for the first time, using density functional theory calculations, we report the antiferromagnetic order of bulk V5S8, which is consistent with the previous experiments. The specific antiferromagnetic order is reproduced when Ueff = 2 eV is applied on the intercalated vanadium atoms within LDA. We find that the origin of the magnetic ordering is from superexchange interaction. We also investigate the thickness-dependent magnetic order in V5S8 thin films. It is found that there is an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition when V5S8 is thinned down to 2.2 nm. The main magnetic moments of the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states of the thin films are located on the interlayered vanadium atoms, which is the same as that in the bulk. Meanwhile, the strain in the thin films also influences the AFM-FM phase transition. Our results not only reveal the magnetic order and origin in bulk V5S8 and thin films, but also provide a set of parameters which can be used in future calculations. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Gd impurity effect on the magnetic and electronic properties of hexagonal Sr ferrites: A case study by DFT Masomeh Taghipour, Mohammad Yousefi, Reza Fazaeli, Masoud Darvishganji 2020 (7):  77505-077505.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8d9f 摘要 ( 522 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2213KB) ( 116 )   The electronic and magnetic properties of strontium hexa-ferrite (SrFe12O19) are studied in pure state (SrFe12O19) and with dopant in the positions 2 and 3 of Fe atoms (SrGdFe11O19-I and SrGdFe11O19-Ⅱ, respectively) by utilizing a variety of the density functional theory (DFT) approaches including the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) and GGA plus Hubbard U parameter (GGA+U). The pure SrFe12O19 is a hard magnetic half-metal with an integer magnetic moment of 64.00μB, while using the GGA+U functional, the magnetic intensity increases, resulting in a magnetic semiconductor with a high integer magnetic moment of 120μB. By doping the Gd atom in the two different positions of Fe, the magnetic moment is increased to 71.68μB and 68.00μB, respectively. The magnetic moment increases and remains an integer; hence, SrGdFe11O19-Ⅱ can be very useful for application in magnetic memories. Moreover, applying the Hubbard parameter turns SrGdFe11O19-I and SrGdFe11O19-Ⅱ to magnetic semiconductors with a magnetic moment of 124μB, and the energy gap of both doped structures at spin down is found to be less than the pure case. By studying the electronic density diagram of the atoms of the crystal, it is found that the major effect to create magnetization in the pure case is due to the Fe atom. However, in the doped case, the elements Gd and Fe have the highest moment in the crystal respectively. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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High permeability and bimodal resonance structure of flaky soft magnetic composite materials 刘曦, 吴鹏, 王鹏, 王涛, 乔亮, 李发伸 2020 (7):  77506-077506.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8c3b 摘要 ( 641 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(3210KB) ( 118 )   We establish a theoretical bimodal model for the complex permeability of flaky soft magnetic composite materials to explain the variability of their initial permeability. The new model is motivated by finding the two natural resonance peaks to be inconsistent with the combination of the domain wall resonance and the natural resonance. In the derivation of the model, two relationships are explored: the first one is the relationship between the number of magnetic domains and the permeability, and the second one is the relationship between the natural resonance and the domain wall resonance. This reveals that the ball milling causes the number of magnetic domains to increase and the maximum initial permeability to exist after 10 h of ball milling. An experiment is conducted to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed model. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. This new model is of great significance for studying the mechanism and applications of the resonance loss for soft magnetic composite materials in high frequency fields. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Ionic liquid gating control of planar Hall effect in Ni80Fe20/HfO2 heterostructures 汪样平, 刘福福, 周偲, 蒋长军 2020 (7):  77507-077507.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8da9 摘要 ( 777 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(975KB) ( 106 )   We report a tunable transverse magnetoresistance of the planar Hall effect (PHE), up to 48% in the Ni80Fe20/HfO2 heterostructures. This control is achieved by applying a gate voltage with an ionic liquid technique at ultra-low voltage, which exhibits a gate-dependent PHE. Moreover, in the range of 0-V to 1-V gate voltage, transverse magnetoresistance of PHE can be continuously regulated. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) also demonstrates the shift of the resonance field at low gate voltage. This provides a new method for the design of the electric field continuous control spintronics device with ultra-low energy consumption. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Degenerate antiferromagnetic states in spinel oxide LiV2O4 龚本超, 杨焕成, 金魁, 刘凯, 卢仲毅 2020 (7):  77508-077508.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9617 摘要 ( 706 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1306KB) ( 214 )   The magnetic and electronic properties of spinel oxide LiV2O4 have been systematically studied by using the spin-polarized first-principles electronic structure calculations. We find that a series of magnetic states, in which the ferromagnetic (FM) V4 tetrahedra are linked together through the corner-sharing antiferromagnetic (AFM) V4 tetrahedra, possess degenerate energies lower than those of other spin configurations. The large number of these energetically degenerated states being the magnetic ground state give rise to strong magnetic frustration as well as large magnetic entropy in LiV2O4. The corresponding band structure and density of states of such a typical magnetic state in this series, i.e., the ditetrahedron (DT) AFM state, demonstrate that LiV2O4 is in the vicinity of a metal-insulator transition. Further analysis suggests that the t2g and eg orbitals of the V atoms play different roles in the magnetic exchange interactions. Our calculations are consistent with previous experimental measurements and shed light on understanding the exotic magnetism and the heavy-fermion behavior of LiV2O4. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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A theoretical study on chemical ordering of 38-atom trimetallic Pd-Ag-Pt nanoalloys Songül Taran, Ali Kemal Garip, Haydar Arslan 2020 (7):  77801-077801.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab99b4 摘要 ( 576 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(4213KB) ( 180 )   In this study, truncated octahedron (TO) structure is selected for further analysis and we focus on 38-atom Pd-Pt-Ag trimetallic nanoalloys. The best chemical ordering structures of PdnAg32-nPt6 trimetallic nanoalloys are obtained at Gupta level. The structures with the lowest energy at Gupta level are then re-optimized by density functional theory (DFT) relaxations and DFT results confirm the Gupta level calculations with small shifts on bond lengths indicating TO structure is favorable for 38-atom of PdnAg32-nPt6 trimetallic nanoalloys. The DFT excess energy analysis shows that Pd8Ag24Pt6 composition has the lowest excess energy value in common with excess energy analysis at Gupta level. In Pd8Ag24Pt6 composition, eight Pd atoms are central sites of 8 (111) hexagonal facets of TO, 24 Ag atoms locate on surface, and 6 Pt atoms locate at the core of the structure. It is also obtained that all of the compositions except Pd18Ag14Pt6 and Pd20Ag12Pt6 exhibit a octahedral Pt core. Besides, it is observed that there is a clear tendency for Ag atoms to segregate to the surface and also Pt atoms prefer to locate at core due to order parameter (R) variations. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Broadband strong optical dichroism in topological Dirac semimetals with Fermi velocity anisotropy 林镇杰, 黄健安, 涨潮, 洪礼祺, 洪逸欣 2020 (7):  77802-077802.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab928e 摘要 ( 678 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1850KB) ( 140 )   Prototypical three-dimensional (3D) topological Dirac semimetals (DSMs), such as Cd3As2 and Na3Bi, contain electrons that obey a linear momentum-energy dispersion with different Fermi velocities along the three orthogonal momentum dimensions. Despite being extensively studied in recent years, the inherent Fermi velocity anisotropy has often been neglected in the theoretical and numerical studies of 3D DSMs. Although this omission does not qualitatively alter the physics of light-driven massless quasiparticles in 3D DSMs, it does quantitatively change the optical coefficients which can lead to nontrivial implications in terms of nanophotonics and plasmonics applications. Here we study the linear optical response of 3D DSMs for general Fermi velocity values along each direction. Although the signature conductivity-frequency scaling, σ(ω)∝ω, of 3D Dirac fermion is well-protected from the Fermi velocity anisotropy, the linear optical response exhibits strong linear dichroism as captured by the universal extinction ratio scaling law, Λij = (vi/vj)2 (where i≠j denotes the three spatial coordinates x,y,z, and vi is the i-direction Fermi velocity), which is independent of frequency, temperature, doping, and carrier scattering lifetime. For Cd3As2 and Na3Bi3, an exceptionally strong extinction ratio larger than 15 and covering a broad terahertz window is revealed. Our findings shed new light on the role of Fermi velocity anisotropy in the optical response of Dirac semimetals and open up novel polarization-sensitive functionalities, such as photodetection and light modulation. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Recent progress in graphene terahertz modulators 陈勰宇, 田震, 李泉, 李绍限, 张学迁, 欧阳春梅, 谷建强, 韩家广, 张伟力 2020 (7):  77803-077803.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9433 摘要 ( 690 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(3540KB) ( 329 )   Graphene has been recognized as a promising candidate in developing tunable terahertz (THz) functional devices due to its excellent optical and electronic properties, such as high carrier mobility and tunable conductivity. Here, we review graphene-based THz modulators we have recently developed. First, the optical properties of graphene are discussed. Then, graphene THz modulators realized by different methods, such as gate voltage, optical pump, and nonlinear response of graphene are presented. Finally, challenges and prospective of graphene THz modulators are also discussed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Temperature dependent terahertz giant anisotropy and cycloidal spin wave modes in BiFeO3 single crystal 刘凡, 金钻明, 刘秀梅, 方雨青, 国家嘉, 彭滟, 程振祥, 马国宏, 朱亦鸣 2020 (7):  77804-077804.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8dae 摘要 ( 747 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(980KB) ( 276 )   THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is used to study the THz-optical properties of a single crystal bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 (BFO). It can be found that the anisotropy of BiFeO3 is strongly dependent on the temperature. A giant birefringence up to around 3.6 is observed at 1 THz. The presence of a spatially modulated cycloidal antiferromagnetic structure leads to spin cycloid resonances (SCR) ψ and Φ, corresponding to the out-of-plane and in-plane modes of the spin cycloid, respectively. We distinguish the SCR with respect to their response to orthogonal polarizations of the electric fields of the incident THz beam. In addition, we observe a resonance appearing below 140 K, which might be interpreted as an electromagnon mode and related to a spin reorientation transition. Our present observations present that the temperature and polarization, as the external control parameters, can be used to modulate the THz optical properties of BFO single crystal. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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Regulation mechanism of catalyst structure on diamond crystal morphology under HPHT process 李亚东, 程永珊, 宿梦洁, 冉启甫, 王春晓, 马红安, 房超, 陈良超 2020 (7):  78101-078101.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90e8 摘要 ( 868 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1505KB) ( 231 )   To elucidate the regulation mechanism of catalyst geometry structure to diamond growth, we establish three catalyst modes with different structures. The simulation results show that with the decrease of the protruding height of the catalyst, the low-temperature region gradually moves toward the center of the catalyst, which causes the distribution characteristics of the temperature and convection field in the catalyst to change. The temperature difference in vertical direction of the catalyst decreases gradually and increases in the horizontal direction, while the catalyst convection velocity has the same variation regularity in the corresponding directions. The variation of temperature difference and convection velocity lead the crystal growth rate in different crystal orientations to change, which directly affects the crystal morphology of the synthetic diamond. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, which shows the correctness of the theoretical rational analysis. This work is expected to be able to facilitate the understanding of catalyst structure regulation mechanism on diamond morphology and the providing of an important theoretical basis for the controllable growth of special crystal shape diamond under HPHT process. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Construction of monolayer IrTe2 and the structural transition under low temperatures 王爱伟, 刘子媛, 潘金波, 李乔楚, 李更, 郇庆, 杜世萱, 高鸿钧 2020 (7):  78102-078102.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90eb 摘要 ( 780 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2374KB) ( 229 )   Bulk iridium ditelluride (IrTe2) is a layered material and is known for its interesting electronic and structural properties, such as large spin-orbit coupling, charge ordering, and superconductivity. However, so far there is no experimental study about the fabrication of monolayer IrTe2. Here we report the formation of IrTe2 monolayer on Ir(111) substrate by direct tellurization method. Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images show the coexistence of 1/5 phase and 1/6 phase structures of IrTe2 at room temperature. We also obtained STM images showing distorted stripe feature under low temperatures. This stripe feature is possibly induced by the strain between the IrTe2 monolayer and the metal substrate. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the IrTe2 monolayer has strong interaction with the underlying Ir(111) substrate. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

SPECIAL TOPIC—Ultracold atom and its application in precision measurement

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Dependence of mechanical properties on the site occupancy of ternary alloying elements in γ'-Ni3Al: Ab initio description for shear and tensile deformation 文敏儒, 谢兴, 董华锋, 吴福根, 王崇愚 2020 (7):  78103-078103.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8a38 摘要 ( 572 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2462KB) ( 161 )   The site occupancy behavior of ternary alloying elements in γ'-Ni3Al (a key strengthening phase of commercial Ni-based single-crystal superalloys) can change with temperature and alloy composition owing to the effect of entropy. Using a total-energy method based on density functional theory, the dependence of tensile and shear behaviors on the site preference of alloying elements in γ'-Ni3Al were investigated in detail. Our results demonstrate that Fe, Ru, and Ir can significantly improve the ideal tensile and shear strength of the γ' phase when occupying the Al site, with Ru resulting in the strongest enhancement. In contrast, elements with fully filled d orbitals (i.e., Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cd) are expected to reduce the ideal tensile and shear strength. The calculated stress-strain relationships of Ni3Al alloys indicate that none of the alloying elements can simultaneously increase the ideal strength of the γ' phase for both Ni1-site and Ni2-site substitutions. In addition, the charge redistribution and the bond length of the alloying elements and host atoms during the tensile and shear processes are analyzed to unveil the underlying electronic mechanisms. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Modeling of microporosity formation and hydrogen concentration evolution during solidification of an Al-Si alloy 张庆宇, 孙东科, 章顺虎, 王辉, 朱鸣芳 2020 (7):  78104-078104.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8abb 摘要 ( 602 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1491KB) ( 125 )   We simulate the evolution of hydrogen concentration and gas pore formation as equiaxed dendrites grow during solidification of a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloy. The applied lattice Boltzmann-cellular automaton-finite difference model incorporates the physical mechanisms of solute and hydrogen partitioning on the solid/liquid interface, as well as the transports of solute and hydrogen. After the quantitative validation by the simulation of capillary intrusion, the model is utilized to investigate the growth of the equiaxed dendrites and hydrogen porosity formation for an Al-(5 wt.%)Si alloy under different solidification conditions. The simulation data reveal that the gas pores favorably nucleate in the corners surrounded by the nearby dendrite arms. Then, the gas pores grow in a competitive mode. With the cooling rate increasing, the competition among different growing gas pores is found to be hindered, which accordingly increases the pore number density in the final solidification microstructure. In the late solidification stage, even though the solid fraction is increasing, the mean concentration of hydrogen in the residue melt tends to be constant, corresponding to a dynamic equilibrium state of hydrogen concentration in liquid. As the cooling rate increases or the initial hydrogen concentration decreases, the temperature of gas pore nucleation, the porosity fraction, and the mean porosity size decrease, whilst the mean hydrogen concentration in liquid increases in the late solidification stage. The simulated data present identical trends with the experimental results reported in literature. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

SPECIAL TOPIC—Ultracold atom and its application in precision measurement

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Regulation of microtubule array inits self-organized dense active crowds 蒋新晨, 马余强, 施夏清 2020 (7):  78201-078201.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9430 摘要 ( 720 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(919KB) ( 172 )   Microtubule self-organization under mechanical and chemical regulations plays a central role in cytokinesis and cellular transportations. In plant-cells, the patterns or phases of cortical microtubules organizations are the direct indicators of cell-phases. The dense nematic pattern of cortical microtubule array relies on the regulation of single microtubule dynamics with mechanical coupling to steric interaction among the self-organized microtubule crowds. Building upon previous minimal models, we investigate the effective microtubule width, microtubule catastrophe rate, and zippering angle as factors that regulate the self-organization of the dense nematic phase. We find that by incorporating the effective microtubule width, the transition from isotropic to the highly ordered nematic phase (NI phase) with extremely long microtubules will be gapped by another nematic phase which consists of relative short microtubules (NⅡ phase). The NⅡ phase in the gap grows wider with the increase of the microtubule width. We further illustrate that in the dense phase, the collision-induced catastrophe rate and an optimal zippering angle play an important role in controlling the order-disorder transition, as a result of the coupling between the collision events and ordering. Our study shows that the transition to dense microtubule array requires the cross-talk between single microtubule growth and mechanical interactions among microtubules in the active crowds. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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SiO2 nanoparticle-regulated crystallization of lead halide perovskite and improved efficiency of carbon-electrode-based low-temperature planar perovskite solar cells 梁泽荣, 杨兵初, 梅安意, 林思远, 韩宏伟, 袁永波, 谢海鹏, 高永立, 周聪华 2020 (7):  78401-078401.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8da5 摘要 ( 571 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1595KB) ( 103 )   SiO2 nanoparticles were used to regulate the crystallizing process of lead halide perovskite films prepared by the sequential deposition method, which was used in the low-temperature-processed, carbon-electrode-basing, hole-conductor-free planar perovskite solar cells. It was observed that, after adding small amount of SiO2 precursor (1 vol%) into the lead iodide solution, performance parameters of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and fill factor were all upgraded, which helped to increase the power conversion efficiency (reverse scan) from 11.44(±1.83)% (optimized at 12.42%) to 14.01(±2.14)% (optimized at 15.28%, AM 1.5G, 100 mW/cm2). Transient photocurrent decay curve measurements showed that, after the incorporation of SiO2 nanoparticles, charge extraction was accelerated, while transient photovoltage decay and dark current curve tests both showed that recombination was retarded. The improvement is due to the improved crystallinity of the perovskite film. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy studies observed that, with incorporation of amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles, smaller crystallites were obtained in lead iodide films, while larger crystallites were achieved in the final perovskite film. This study implies that amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles could regulate the coarsening process of the perovskite film, which provides an effective method in obtaining high quality perovskite film. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Carbon nanotube-based nanoelectromechanical resonatoras mass biosensor Ahmed M. Elseddawy, Adel H. Phillips, Ahmed S Bayoumi 2020 (7):  78501-078501.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab888f 摘要 ( 502 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(416KB) ( 110 )   The use of single walled carbon nanotube-based nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonator to sense the biomolecules' mass is investigated under the influence of an external ac-field. A single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) cantilever has been proposed and studied if the mass is attached at the tip or various intermediate positions. The shift of the resonant frequency and the quality factor have been investigated and show high sensitivity to the attached mass of biomolecule and its position. The proposed SWCNT-based NEMS resonator is a good candidate for sensing and tracing biomolecules' mass as concentration of acetone in human exhale, resulting in a painless, correct, and simple diabetics' diagnosis. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

SPECIAL TOPIC—Ultracold atom and its application in precision measurement

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Recent progress in optoelectronic neuromorphic devices 郭延博, 竺立强 2020 (7):  78502-078502.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab99b6 摘要 ( 591 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(8472KB) ( 408 )   Rapid developments in artificial intelligence trigger demands for perception and learning of external environments through visual perception systems. Neuromorphic devices and integrated system with photosensing and response functions can be constructed to mimic complex biological visual sensing behaviors. Here, recent progresses on optoelectronic neuromorphic memristors and optoelectronic neuromorphic transistors are briefly reviewed. A variety of visual synaptic functions stimulated on optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are discussed, including light-triggered short-term plasticities, long-term plasticities, and neural facilitation. These optoelectronic neuromorphic devices can also mimic human visual perception, information processing, and cognition. The optoelectronic neuromorphic devices that simulate biological visual perception functions will have potential application prospects in areas such as bionic neurological optoelectronic systems and intelligent robots. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Photoresponsive characteristics of thin film transistors with perovskite quantum dots embedded amorphous InGaZnO channels 张美娜, 邵龑, 王晓琳, 吴小晗, 刘文军, 丁士进 2020 (7):  78503-078503.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9738 摘要 ( 644 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(945KB) ( 140 )   Photodetectors based on amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT) and halide perovskites have attracted attention in recent years. However, such a stack assembly of a halide perovskite layer/an a-IGZO channel, even with an organic semiconductor film inserted between them, easily has a very limited photoresponsivity. In this article, we investigate photoresponsive characteristics of TFTs by using CsPbX3 (X=Br or I) quantum dots (QDs) embedded into the a-IGZO channel, and attain a high photoresponsivity over 103A·W-1, an excellent detectivity in the order of 1016 Jones, and a light-to-dark current ratio up to 105 under visible lights. This should be mainly attributed to the improved transfer efficiency of photoelectrons from the QDs to the a-IGZO channel. Moreover, spectrally selective photodetection is demonstrated by introducing halide perovskite QDs with different bandgaps. Thus, this work provides a novel strategy of device structure optimization for significantly improving the photoresponsive characteristics of TFT photodetectors. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

SPECIAL TOPIC—Ultracold atom and its application in precision measurement

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In-memory computing to break the memory wall 黄晓合, 刘春森, 姜育刚, 周鹏 2020 (7):  78504-078504.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab90e7 摘要 ( 1198 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(3505KB) ( 685 )   Facing the computing demands of Internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), the cost induced by moving the data between the central processing unit (CPU) and memory is the key problem and a chip featured with flexible structural unit, ultra-low power consumption, and huge parallelism will be needed. In-memory computing, a non-von Neumann architecture fusing memory units and computing units, can eliminate the data transfer time and energy consumption while performing massive parallel computations. Prototype in-memory computing schemes modified from different memory technologies have shown orders of magnitude improvement in computing efficiency, making it be regarded as the ultimate computing paradigm. Here we review the state-of-the-art memory device technologies potential for in-memory computing, summarize their versatile applications in neural network, stochastic generation, and hybrid precision digital computing, with promising solutions for unprecedented computing tasks, and also discuss the challenges of stability and integration for general in-memory computing. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Perpendicular magnetization switching by large spin—orbit torques from sputtered Bi2Te3 郑臻益, 张悦, 朱道乾, 张昆, 冯学强, 何宇, 陈磊, 张志仲, 刘迪军, 张有光, Pedram Khalili Amiri, 赵巍胜 2020 (7):  78505-078505.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9439 摘要 ( 1200 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1025KB) ( 720 )   Spin-orbit torque (SOT) effect is considered as an efficient way to switch the magnetization and can inspire various high-performance spintronic devices. Recently, topological insulators (TIs) have gained extensive attention, as they are demonstrated to maintain a large effective spin Hall angle (θSHeff), even at room temperature. However, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), as a precise deposition method, is required to guarantee favorable surface states of TIs, which hinders the prospect of TIs towards industrial application. In this paper, we demonstrate that Bi2Te3 films grown by magnetron sputtering can provide a notable SOT effect in the heterostructure with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy CoTb ferrimagnetic alloy. By harmonic Hall measurement, a high SOT efficiency (8.7±0.9 Oe/(109 A/m2)) and a large θSHeff (3.3±0.3) are obtained at room temperature. Besides, we also observe an ultra-low critical switching current density (9.7×109 A/m2). Moreover, the low-power characteristic of the sputtered Bi2Te3 film is investigated by drawing a comparison with different sputtered SOT sources. Our work may provide an alternative to leverage chalcogenides as a realistic and efficient SOT source in future spintronic devices. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Different potential of mean force of two-state protein GB1 and downhill protein gpW revealed by molecular dynamics simulation 张晓峰, 郭子龙, 余平, 李秋实, 周昕, 陈虎 2020 (7):  78701-078701.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8daf 摘要 ( 54 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(3151KB) ( 157 )   Two-state folding and down-hill folding are two kinds of protein folding dynamics for small single domain proteins. Here we apply molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to the two-state protein GB1 and down-hill folding protein gpW to reveal the relationship of their free energy landscape and folding/unfolding dynamics. Results from the steered MD simulations show that gpW is much less mechanical resistant than GB1, and the unfolding process of gpW has more variability than that of GB1 according to their force-extension curves. The potential of mean force (PMF) of GB1 and gpW obtained by the umbrella sampling simulations shows apparent difference: PMF of GB1 along the coordinate of extension exhibits a kink transition point where the slope of PMF drops suddenly, while PMF of gpW increases with extension smoothly, which are consistent with two-state folding dynamics of GB1 and downhill folding dynamics of gpW, respectively. Our results provide insight to understand the fundamental mechanism of different folding dynamics of two-state proteins and downhill folding proteins. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Improving RNA secondary structure prediction using direct coupling analysis 何小玲, 王军, 王剑, 肖奕 2020 (7):  78702-078702.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab889d 摘要 ( 44 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1337KB) ( 148 )   Secondary structures of RNAs are the basis of understanding their tertiary structures and functions and so their predictions are widely needed due to increasing discovery of noncoding RNAs. In the last decades, a lot of methods have been proposed to predict RNA secondary structures but their accuracies encountered bottleneck. Here we present a method for RNA secondary structure prediction using direct coupling analysis and a remove-and-expand algorithm that shows better performance than four existing popular multiple-sequence methods. We further show that the results can also be used to improve the prediction accuracy of the single-sequence methods. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Adjustable polarization-independent wide-incident-angle broadband far-infrared absorber 李九生, 陈旭生 2020 (7):  78703-078703.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8892 摘要 ( 684 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2071KB) ( 277 )   To promote the application of far-infrared technology, functional far-infrared devices with high performance are needed. Here, we propose a design scheme to develop a wide-incident-angle far-infrared absorber, which consists of a periodically semicircle-patterned graphene sheet, a lossless inter-dielectric spacer and a gold reflecting film. Under normal incidence for both TE- and TM-polarization modes, the bandwidth of 90% absorption of the proposed far-infrared absorber is ranging from 6.76 THz to 11.05 THz. The absorption remains more than 90% over a 4.29-THz broadband range when the incident angle is up to 50° for both TE- and TM-polarization modes. The peak absorbance of the absorber can be flexibly tuned from 10% to 100% by changing the chemical potential from 0 eV to 0.6 eV. The tunable broadband far-infrared absorber has promising applications in sensing, detection, and stealth objects. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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A new nonlinear photoconductive terahertz radiation source based on photon-activated charge domain quenched mode 施卫, 刘如军, 董陈岗, 马成 2020 (7):  78704-078704.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab8c42 摘要 ( 801 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(724KB) ( 155 )   We present a high-performance terahertz (THz) radiation source based on the photon-activated charge domain (PACD) quenched mode of GaAs photoconductive antennas (GaAs PCA). The THz radiation characteristics of the GaAs PCA under different operating modes are studied. Compared with the linear mode, the intensity of THz wave radiated by the GaAs PCA can be greatly enhanced due to the avalanche multiplication effect of carriers in the PACD quenched mode. The results show that when the carrier multiplication ratio is 16.92, the peak-to-peak value of THz field radiated in the PACD quenched mode increases by as much as about 4.19 times compared to the maximum values in the linear mode. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Broadband terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and fast FMCW imaging: Principle and applications 沈耀春, 杨星宇, 张子健 2020 (7):  78705-078705.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9296 摘要 ( 680 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(1226KB) ( 169 )   We report a broadband terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) which enables twenty vibrational modes of adenosine nucleoside to be resolved in a wide frequency range of 1-20 THz. The observed spectroscopic features of adenosine are in good agreement with the published spectra obtained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. This much extended bandwidth leads to enhanced material characterization capability as it provides spectroscopic information on both intra- and inter-molecular vibrations. In addition, we also report a low-cost frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) imaging system which has a fast measurement speed of 40000 waveforms per second. Cross-sectional imaging capability through cardboard has also been demonstrated using its excellent penetration capability at a frequency range of 76-81 GHz. We anticipate that the integration of these two complementary imaging technologies would be highly desirable for many real-world applications because it provides both spectroscopic discrimination and penetration capabilities in a single instrument. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Polarization conversion metasurface in terahertz region 周晨, 李九生 2020 (7):  78706-078706.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9295 摘要 ( 890 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1431KB) ( 207 )   Polarization conversion is a very important electromagnetic wave manipulation method. In this paper, we investigate a high-efficiency linear-to-circular polarization and cross-polarization converter by utilizing coding metasurface. The coding particle consists of top layer metal pattern and bottom metal plate sandwiched with square F4B dielectric, which can manipulate the linear-to-circular polarization and cross-polarization converter of the reflected wave simultaneously. In the terahertz frequency range of 1.0 THz-2.0 THz, the reflection magnitudes reach approximately 90% and the axial ratio is less than 3 dB. The proposed polarization converter may lead to advances in a variety of applications such as security, microscopy, information processing, stealth technology, and data storage. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Terahertz polarization conversion and sensing with double-layer chiral metasurface 张子扬, 范飞, 李腾飞, 冀允允, 常胜江 2020 (7):  78707-078707.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab9294 摘要 ( 773 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(2674KB) ( 356 )   The terahertz (THz) resonance, chirality, and polarization conversion properties of a double-layer chiral metasurface have been experimentally investigated by THz time domain spectroscopy system and polarization detection method. The special symmetric geometry of each unit cell with its adjacent cells makes a strong chiral electromagnetic response in this metasurface, which leads to a strong polarization conversion effect. Moreover, compared with the traditional THz transmission resonance sensing for film thickness, the polarization sensing characterized by polarization elliptical angle (PEA) and polarization rotation angle (PRA) shows a better Q factor and figure of merit (FoM). The results show that the Q factors of the PEA and PRA reach 43.8 and 49.1 when the interval film is 20 μm, while the Q factor of THz resonance sensing is only 10.6. And these PEA and PRA can play a complementary role to obtain a double-parameter sensing method with a higher FoM, over 4 times than that of resonance sensing. This chiral metasurface and its polarization sensing method provide new ideas for the development of high-efficiency THz polarization manipulation, and open a window to the high sensitive sensing by using THz polarization spectroscopy. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Highly efficient bifacial semitransparent perovskite solar cells based on molecular doping of CuSCN hole transport layer 侯世欣, 石标, 王鹏阳, 李玉成, 张杰, 陈沛润, 陈兵兵, 侯福华, 黄茜, 丁毅, 李跃龙, 张德坤, 许盛之, 赵颖, 张晓丹 2020 (7):  78801-078801.  doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab99ae 摘要 ( 696 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF(1933KB) ( 157 )   Coper thiocyanate (CuSCN) is generally considered as a very hopeful inorganic hole transport material (HTM) in semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) because of its low parasitic absorption, high inherent stability, and low cost. However, the poor electrical conductivity and low work function of CuSCN lead to the insufficient hole extraction and large open-circuit voltage loss. Here, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) is employed to improve conductivity of CuSCN and band alignment at the CuSCN/perovskite (PVK) interface. As a result, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs is boosted by ≈ 11%. In addition, benefiting from the superior transparency of p-type CuSCN HTMs, the prepared bifacial semitransparent n-i-p planar PSCs demonstrate a maximum efficiency of 14.8% and 12.5% by the illumination from the front side and back side, respectively. We believe that this developed CuSCN-based ST-PSCs will promote practical applications in building integrated photovoltaics and tandem solar cells. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标