中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 27201-027201.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae1205

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High-performance thermomagnetic generation in low-grade waste heat recovery

Haodong Chen(陈浩东)1, Hu Zhang(张虎)1,†, Mingze Liu(刘明泽)1, Kaiming Qiao(乔凯明)1, Lichen Wang(王利晨)2, Fengxia Hu(胡凤霞)3,‡, and Baogen Shen(沈保根)2,3,§   

  1. 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
    2 Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China;
    3 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-02 修回日期:2025-10-10 接受日期:2025-10-11 出版日期:2026-01-21 发布日期:2026-01-21
  • 通讯作者: Hu Zhang, Fengxia Hu, Baogen Shen E-mail:zhanghu@ustb.edu.cn;fxhu@iphy.ac.cn;shenbg@iphy.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52171169 and 52101210), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB3501204), the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials (Grant No. 2023-ZD01), USTB Concept Verification Funding Project (Grant No. GNYZ-2024-6), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. FRF-TP-24-004A), USTB Research Center for International People-to-people Exchange in Science, Technology and Civilization (Grant Nos. 2024KFZD001 and 2024KFYB004).

High-performance thermomagnetic generation in low-grade waste heat recovery

Haodong Chen(陈浩东)1, Hu Zhang(张虎)1,†, Mingze Liu(刘明泽)1, Kaiming Qiao(乔凯明)1, Lichen Wang(王利晨)2, Fengxia Hu(胡凤霞)3,‡, and Baogen Shen(沈保根)2,3,§   

  1. 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
    2 Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China;
    3 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2025-09-02 Revised:2025-10-10 Accepted:2025-10-11 Online:2026-01-21 Published:2026-01-21
  • Contact: Hu Zhang, Fengxia Hu, Baogen Shen E-mail:zhanghu@ustb.edu.cn;fxhu@iphy.ac.cn;shenbg@iphy.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52171169 and 52101210), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB3501204), the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials (Grant No. 2023-ZD01), USTB Concept Verification Funding Project (Grant No. GNYZ-2024-6), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. FRF-TP-24-004A), USTB Research Center for International People-to-people Exchange in Science, Technology and Civilization (Grant Nos. 2024KFZD001 and 2024KFYB004).

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摘要： Thermomagnetic generation (TMG), a heat-to-electricity conversion technology based on the thermomagnetic effect, offers high reliability and broad adaptability to diverse heat sources. By exploiting the temperature-dependent magnetization of thermomagnetic materials, TMG converts thermal energy into electrical energy through cyclic changes in magnetic flux based on Faraday's law. The performance of TMG systems is largely governed by the intrinsic properties of the working materials and the design of device architecture. Ideal TMG materials exhibit sharp and reversible magnetization transitions near the operating temperature, low thermal hysteresis, and high thermal conductivity. Device configurations can be broadly categorized into active and passive systems: active TMG devices rely on controlled thermal cycling and optimized magnetic circuits for enhanced output, whereas passive devices utilize self-actuated mechanical motion to generate electricity. In this topical review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in TMG materials and device configurations. Furthermore, we discuss future development trends and offer perspectives on experimental strategies to advance this field.

关键词: low grade waste heat, thermal energy recovery, thermomagnetic generation

Abstract: Thermomagnetic generation (TMG), a heat-to-electricity conversion technology based on the thermomagnetic effect, offers high reliability and broad adaptability to diverse heat sources. By exploiting the temperature-dependent magnetization of thermomagnetic materials, TMG converts thermal energy into electrical energy through cyclic changes in magnetic flux based on Faraday's law. The performance of TMG systems is largely governed by the intrinsic properties of the working materials and the design of device architecture. Ideal TMG materials exhibit sharp and reversible magnetization transitions near the operating temperature, low thermal hysteresis, and high thermal conductivity. Device configurations can be broadly categorized into active and passive systems: active TMG devices rely on controlled thermal cycling and optimized magnetic circuits for enhanced output, whereas passive devices utilize self-actuated mechanical motion to generate electricity. In this topical review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in TMG materials and device configurations. Furthermore, we discuss future development trends and offer perspectives on experimental strategies to advance this field.

Key words: low grade waste heat, thermal energy recovery, thermomagnetic generation

中图分类号:  (Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects)

  • 72.15.Jf
75.30.Kz (Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)) 77.65.-j (Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects)