Quantum steering for two-mode states with continuous-variable in laser channel

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ae1820

中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 20304-020304.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae1820

Quantum steering for two-mode states with continuous-variable in laser channel

Kaimin Zheng(郑凯敏)¹, Jifeng Sun(孙继峰)², Liyun Hu(胡利云)^2,†, and Lijian Zhang(张利剑)^1,‡

1 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
2 Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China

收稿日期:2025-09-17 修回日期:2025-10-27 接受日期:2025-10-28 发布日期:2026-01-31
通讯作者: Liyun Hu, Lijian Zhang E-mail:hlyun@jxnu.edu.cn;lijian.zhang@nju.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 12404410, 12564049, 11964013, and 61975077), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2024ZD0300900), and the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 20242BAB26009).

Quantum steering for two-mode states with continuous-variable in laser channel

Kaimin Zheng(郑凯敏)¹, Jifeng Sun(孙继峰)², Liyun Hu(胡利云)^2,†, and Lijian Zhang(张利剑)^1,‡

1 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
2 Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China

Received:2025-09-17 Revised:2025-10-27 Accepted:2025-10-28 Published:2026-01-31
Contact: Liyun Hu, Lijian Zhang E-mail:hlyun@jxnu.edu.cn;lijian.zhang@nju.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 12404410, 12564049, 11964013, and 61975077), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2024ZD0300900), and the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 20242BAB26009).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an important resource for one-sided device-independent quantum information processing. This steering property can be destroyed by the interaction between a quantum system and its environment in practical applications. In this paper, we employ the characteristic function representation of probability distributions to investigate the quantum steering of two-mode continuous-variable states in a laser channel, where both the gain factor and the loss effect are taken into account. Firstly, we analyse the steering time of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state under one-mode and two-mode laser channels, respectively. We find that the gain process introduces additional noise into the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, thereby reducing the steerable time. Secondly, by quantifying EPR steering, we show that two-side loss exhibits smaller steerability than one-side loss, although they share the same two-way steerable time. In addition, we find that the more-gained party can steer the other party's state, whereas the other party cannot steer the gained party beyond a certain threshold value. In this sense, the gain effect in one party appears to be equivalent to the loss effect in the other party. Our results pave the way for the distillation of EPR steering and quantum information processing in practical quantum channels.

关键词: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, laser channel, characteristic function

Abstract: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an important resource for one-sided device-independent quantum information processing. This steering property can be destroyed by the interaction between a quantum system and its environment in practical applications. In this paper, we employ the characteristic function representation of probability distributions to investigate the quantum steering of two-mode continuous-variable states in a laser channel, where both the gain factor and the loss effect are taken into account. Firstly, we analyse the steering time of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state under one-mode and two-mode laser channels, respectively. We find that the gain process introduces additional noise into the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, thereby reducing the steerable time. Secondly, by quantifying EPR steering, we show that two-side loss exhibits smaller steerability than one-side loss, although they share the same two-way steerable time. In addition, we find that the more-gained party can steer the other party's state, whereas the other party cannot steer the gained party beyond a certain threshold value. In this sense, the gain effect in one party appears to be equivalent to the loss effect in the other party. Our results pave the way for the distillation of EPR steering and quantum information processing in practical quantum channels.

Key words: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, laser channel, characteristic function

中图分类号: (Entanglement and quantum nonlocality)

03.65.Ud

03.65.Yz (Decoherence; open systems; quantum statistical methods) 03.67.-a (Quantum information) 03.67.Hk (Quantum communication)

Kaimin Zheng(郑凯敏), Jifeng Sun(孙继峰), Liyun Hu(胡利云), and Lijian Zhang(张利剑). Quantum steering for two-mode states with continuous-variable in laser channel[J]. 中国物理B, 2026, 35(2): 20304-020304.

Kaimin Zheng(郑凯敏), Jifeng Sun(孙继峰), Liyun Hu(胡利云), and Lijian Zhang(张利剑). Quantum steering for two-mode states with continuous-variable in laser channel[J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(2): 20304-020304.

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Quantum steering for two-mode states with continuous-variable in laser channel

Quantum steering for two-mode states with continuous-variable in laser channel

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