中国物理B ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 50305-050305.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ac8730

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Effect of weak randomness flaws on security evaluation of practical quantum key distribution with distinguishable decoy states

Yu Zhou(周雨)1,2, Hong-Wei Li(李宏伟)1,2,†, Chun Zhou(周淳)1,2, Yang Wang(汪洋)1,2, Yi-Fei Lu(陆宜飞)1,2, Mu-Sheng Jiang(江木生)1,2, Xiao-Xu Zhang(张晓旭)1,2, and Wan-Su Bao(鲍皖苏)1,2,‡   

  1. 1 Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
    2 Synergetic Innovation Centre of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-19 修回日期:2022-07-20 接受日期:2022-08-05 出版日期:2023-04-21 发布日期:2023-04-28
  • 通讯作者: Hong-Wei Li, Wan-Su Bao E-mail:lhw@qiclab.cn;bws@qiclab.cn
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0309702), NSAF (Grant No. U2130205), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62101597, 61605248, and 61505261), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M691536), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan (Grant Nos. 202300410534 and 202300410532), and the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies.

Effect of weak randomness flaws on security evaluation of practical quantum key distribution with distinguishable decoy states

Yu Zhou(周雨)1,2, Hong-Wei Li(李宏伟)1,2,†, Chun Zhou(周淳)1,2, Yang Wang(汪洋)1,2, Yi-Fei Lu(陆宜飞)1,2, Mu-Sheng Jiang(江木生)1,2, Xiao-Xu Zhang(张晓旭)1,2, and Wan-Su Bao(鲍皖苏)1,2,‡   

  1. 1 Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
    2 Synergetic Innovation Centre of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
  • Received:2022-05-19 Revised:2022-07-20 Accepted:2022-08-05 Online:2023-04-21 Published:2023-04-28
  • Contact: Hong-Wei Li, Wan-Su Bao E-mail:lhw@qiclab.cn;bws@qiclab.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0309702), NSAF (Grant No. U2130205), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62101597, 61605248, and 61505261), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M691536), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan (Grant Nos. 202300410534 and 202300410532), and the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies.

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摘要： Quantum key distribution provides an unconditional secure key sharing method in theory, but the imperfect factors of practical devices will bring security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we characterize the imperfections of the sender and analyze the possible attack strategies of Eve. Firstly, we present a quantized model for distinguishability of decoy states caused by intensity modulation. Besides, considering that Eve may control the preparation of states through hidden variables, we evaluate the security of preparation in practical quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on the weak-randomness model. Finally, we analyze the influence of the distinguishability of decoy state to secure key rate, for Eve may conduct the beam splitting attack and control the channel attenuation of different parts. Through the simulation, it can be seen that the secure key rate is sensitive to the distinguishability of decoy state and weak randomness, especially when Eve can control the channel attenuation.

关键词: weak randomness, quantum key distribution, distinguishable decoy state

Abstract: Quantum key distribution provides an unconditional secure key sharing method in theory, but the imperfect factors of practical devices will bring security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we characterize the imperfections of the sender and analyze the possible attack strategies of Eve. Firstly, we present a quantized model for distinguishability of decoy states caused by intensity modulation. Besides, considering that Eve may control the preparation of states through hidden variables, we evaluate the security of preparation in practical quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on the weak-randomness model. Finally, we analyze the influence of the distinguishability of decoy state to secure key rate, for Eve may conduct the beam splitting attack and control the channel attenuation of different parts. Through the simulation, it can be seen that the secure key rate is sensitive to the distinguishability of decoy state and weak randomness, especially when Eve can control the channel attenuation.

Key words: weak randomness, quantum key distribution, distinguishable decoy state

中图分类号:  (Quantum cryptography and communication security)

  • 03.67.Dd
03.67.Hk (Quantum communication) 03.67.-a (Quantum information)